Freshwater Fish Ponds Research Articles

The Unusual Reddish-Bloom Appearance in a Freshwater Fishpond at Kingolwira National Fish Farming Center, Morogoro, Tanzania

The study aimed to examines a case of what constituted the uncommonly reddish-bloom appearance in the fishponds during the dry season (September 2018) at Kingolwira National Fish Farming Center located in Morogoro, Tanzania. The study used a benchtop FlowCAM® to investigate species' morphology. One-time assessment of physico-chemical characteristics during the event was performed from the reddish and non-reddish fishponds. Images were compared with the available literature, but also t-test statistics were performed to examine the difference between the fishponds. The results show that the fishponds were significantly (p<0.05) different from each other in terms of physico-chemical parameters except for water temperatures. Furthermore, Microcystis species dominated the non-reddish fishpond whereas Euglenophytes species were pervasive in the reddish fishpond. The two species have the potential to produce secondary metabolites (toxins) or to produce a hypoxia condition that is harmful to the fishery, aquatic ecology, and human. To confirm toxicity nature and dynamics further, future studies should consider extensive and regular diurnal and long-term monitoring.

Expert Knowledge and Perceptions about the Ecosystem Services and Natural Values of Hungarian Fishpond Systems

In the past few decades, multiple theoretical studies have highlighted the diverse capabilities of freshwater fishpond systems in the provision of water-related ecosystem services (ESs). However, practical studies to confirm this statement are still lacking in the scientific literature compared to other ecosystems. In this paper, we reveal the ESs of three semi-intensively managed fishpond systems in Hungary and assess the knowledge and perceptions of local experts about them and their main interactions. Between 2017 and 2019, we performed participatory research on the fishpond systems of Biharugra, Akasztó, and Szeged, conducting a total of 22 structured interviews with experts from all related stakeholder groups. Based on the interviews, we identified 16 actively used ESs (4 provisioning, 7 regulating, and 5 cultural ESs) and also revealed 19 main forms of impacts (14 positive and 5 negative) related to them. Despite their different perceptions and demands associated with fish farms, almost every expert articulated the role of semi-intensive fish farming in the sustenance of water-related natural values and ecosystem services, endangered by the ongoing effects of global warming. Besides confirming the theoretical statements of previous studies, these findings could also provide information for subsequent land-use planning, with the aim of creating more sustainable, multifunctionally used fishpond systems.

Influence of Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria on Nitrogen Mineralisation, Water Quality and Productivity of Freshwater Fish Pond: A Review

Influence of Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria on Nitrogen Mineralisation, Water Quality and Productivity of Freshwater Fish Pond: A Review

Budidaya Ikan Air Tawar di Lingkungan Pesantren

This activity aims to 1) utilize rainwater catchment areas in Pesantren Somba Opu District, Gowa Regency as freshwater fish ponds; 2) create a freshwater fish breeding pond, 3) build a fishing house, and 4) provide marketing management training for freshwater fish. The specific target to be achieved is the Nur Fadhilah pesantren to be independent and have a regular income from the freshwater fish business by utilizing rainwater catchment areas as freshwater fish ponds. The method implemented in this activity is education and training through counseling, accompanied by practices and demonstrations which include the introduction of intensive aquaculture, introduction of local feed ingredients and preparation, as well as the production and production of freshwater fish species that allow them to be maintained in this area. Counseling is an educational system outside of school, where adults and youth learn while working. The results of the activity show that 2 ar plots of freshwater fish ponds were made to maintain 10,000 fish. Maintenance of fish for 3 months produces an average of 4-5 fish per kilo. From the evaluation of the activities it was concluded that the respondents' understanding of freshwater aquaculture was very good up to 86.67%. However, understanding of making brochures, promotional materials as well as the ability of product marketing and preparation of business plans is not optimal. The entrepreneurial spirit of the respondents was very good, even though only 73.33% of the respondents achieved it. Overall, respondents gave positive opinions on the benefits of activities which reached 93.33% with Very Good responses.

The Effect of Feed Composition on the Structure of Zooplankton Communities in Fishponds

With the intensification of aquaculture, the structure and dynamics of aquatic ecosystems are highly affected. At the same time, for a pond fish farmer, one of the most important tasks is to establish and maintain stable and favourable zooplankton populations. In this paper, we assess the effects of different supplementary feed types on zooplankton communities in freshwater fishponds. In an outdoor, experimental fishpond system, carp individuals of 2+ years of age were stocked and fed with either a fishmeal-based diet (FF), a plant meal containing experimental feed (PF) or cereals (CT). To compare the diversity of the zooplankton communities, we used the Shannon diversity index, and to assess the effects of environmental factors and the feed ingredients, we applied canonical correspondence analysis. We described the dynamics of zooplankton communities, where the biodiversity of rotifera and Crustacean communities showed temporal differences. In order to examine the effects of feed ingredients, temporal clustering was applied. The different diets did not consistently alter the composition of zooplankton communities. Consequently, the plant meal containing experimental feed had no negative effect on the planktonic biodiversity, which makes it suitable as an alternative feed source for fishponds at the applied level.

Prevalence of Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens and factors influencing them in different freshwater fish ponds

Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to elucidate the abundance of Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens, which are among the most widespread fish pathogens in ponds. Both pathogens have three different breeding patterns, namely, (a) gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), (b) yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), and (c) black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), over a production season. Results revealed that pond sediments have significantly higher bacterial levels of A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens (105–106 copies µl-1 DNA) than pond water (103–104 copies µl-1 DNA). In addition, independent regression models revealed that environmental variables influence the levels of pathogenic bacteria. The occurrence of A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens were significantly positively correlated to dissolved oxygen and water temperature, respectively. On the contrary, both pathogens were negatively correlated to total nitrogen. In this study, the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria and their relationships with physicochemical factors in different pond environments were investigated for the first time through a molecular method. Furthermore, although we did not include fish diseases occurring during the production season, our results can provide useful theoretical information for fish breeding especially with regard to the prevention of related bacterial diseases.

Carbon Storage in Sediments of Freshwater Fishponds of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal, India

Carbon Storage in Sediments of Freshwater Fishponds of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal, India

Fertilization of Fresh Water Fish Ponds

This document outlines the principles and practices of fertilizing freshwater fish ponds to enhance their productivity. Fertilization, akin to its use in land-based agriculture, can significantly boost the production of small natural food-consuming fish species such as bluegill and golden shiner by increasing the availability of algae and zooplankton. This process not only supports small fish but also benefits larger predatory fish, like largemouth bass, by improving their food supply. Phosphorus is identified as the most critical nutrient, often supplemented with nitrogen for better results. The document discusses the forms and application methods of fertilizers, emphasizing liquid fertilizers for their rapid effectiveness. Practical guidelines for determining the timing and frequency of fertilization based on water temperature and clarity are provided, alongside techniques for applying both liquid and granular fertilizers efficiently. The document also addresses common challenges such as muddy water, aquatic weeds, water exchange, and low alkalinity, and offers solutions for each. Finally, it highlights the importance of a committed, long-term fertilization program to avoid inefficiencies and aquatic weed issues. First published June 1990.

Flavobacterium piscinae sp. nov., isolated from a fish pond.

Strain ICH-30T was isolated from a freshwater fish pond in Taiwan. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and coding sequences of 92 protein clusters indicated that strain ICH-30T formed a phylogenetic lineage in the genus Flavobacterium. Strain ICH-30T was most closely related to Flavobacteriumlacus NP180T with 97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Strain ICH-30T showed 70.0-83.1 % average nucleotide identity and 16.5-23.7 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization identity with the type strains of other closely related Flavobacterium species. Cells of strain ICH-30T were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and formed dark orange colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 20-30 °C, pH 8-9 and 0-0.5 % NaCl. Strain ICH-30T contained iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C15 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. The major hydroxyl fatty acids were iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, six uncharacterized aminophospholipids, one uncharacterized phospholipid and two uncharacterized lipids. The major polyamine was homospermidine. The only isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34.3 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain ICH-30T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Flavobacterium piscinae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ICH-30T (=BCRC 81122T=LMG 30579T=KCTC 62513T).

ANALISIS KUALITAS KIMIA AIR SUNGAI RIUAPA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN

Riuapa river is an integrated part of Waeriuapa Watershed that usefull for people around the area as agriculture irrigation, livestock, fresh water fish pond, and other domestic use for people activities. As an open watershed ecosystem, that flow into the sea, the river of Watershed was received various input from outside, either from upland to the estuary. Those input were domestic household waste, farming activities waste, and input from land erosion and land slide. The study was conducted to identify water quality through polutant level measurement, in the river and in the flood plain, especially for Chemical polutant element. Red waste, farming activities waste, and input from land erosion and land slide. The study was conducted to identify water quality through polutant level measurement, in the river and in the flood plain, especially for Chemical polutant element. Result of analisys using Statistical Analisys, namely, Factorial Design in Randomized Completly Design (3x2x3), as follows: Location of station in the river and Season factor was significant influence the chemical variable of BOD, COD, Nitrite, and Chlor in the river, and shallow well as well, at the level of beyond National Water Quality Standard, and affected environmental around the area. Changging of upper land cover of Waeriuapa Watershed was significant effected to water debit, fluctuation of rainfall and effected to liquidity process of water quality, that increase of BOD from 2.9 mg/l in dry season to 4.6 mg/l in rainy season; COD from 2.9 in dry season to 21.3 mg/l in rainy season; Nitrite content of 0.0001 mg/l in dry season to 0.0022 mg/l in rainy season.

Determination of the Best Location for Freshwater Fish Ponds in South Aceh Districts by Using Multi Criteria Analysis

South Aceh is one of the areas in the development of freshwater cultivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the values and factors for freshwater fish ponds using multi criteria analysis using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in South Aceh District. Criteria consist of ecological and socio-economic, assessment is carried out on the level of scoring and weighting factors of each parameter. The results of the analysis of ecological answer factor indicate that slope factors, soil types and rainfall must be anticipated in choosing a location for freshwater cultivation, because these three factors get the same weight and highest of the other factor is 0.2900. The results of the factor analysis of socio-economic criteria indicate that the distance factor from the road gets the highest weight of 0.4100, and this needs attention because it relates to economic principles, such as the distance of the marketing location to the location of cultivation.

Nutrient budgets in a small-scale freshwater fish pond system in Indonesia

Over the past several years, Indonesian freshwater aquaculture has intensified, with a concomitant increase in the use of commercial pellets. To assess the effects of pond aquaculture intensification on nutrient dynamics, we monitored nutrients and fish production in a small-scale fish farm in West Java province. The studied system consisted of semi-intensive giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) production in four small earthen ponds (353–482 m2 each and 0.46–0.55 m deep). Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fluxes through the ponds were monitored, and data on fish production were collected during a 5-month production cycle. Results showed that, on average, 61% total N and 77% P inputs were trapped in the accumulated sediments. Only 15% of total N and <3% P inputs introduced into ponds were recovered in harvested fish. Sediment nutrient accumulation increased linearly with total nutrient input. The consequences of intensification of giant gourami aquaculture using this production model are explored in terms of nutrient use efficiency and environmental impact.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST Aeromonas spp. AND Vibrio spp. ISOLATED FROM AQUACULTURE WATER ENVIRONMENT IN THUA THIEN HUE

Abstract: A silver nanoparticle solution prepared at the Center for Incubation and Technology Transfers was used in the current study. The nanoparticles have an average size of 15.0 nm. The silver nanoparticle solution exhibits an antibacterial activity to Aeromonas hydrophyla and Aeromonas caviae isolated from fresh water fish ponds and Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginoliticus isolated from white shrimp ponds. The silver nanoparticle solution at a concentration of 25 ppm inhibits A. caviae and A. hydrophila, and the peak attenuation time was 24 hours after exposure to the bacteria. The solution at a concentration of 12.5 ppm also inhibits Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginoliticus, and the peak attenuation time was 48 hours after exposure to the bacteria.Keywords: antibacterial activity, silver nanoparticles, Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp.

Utilization of Geographic Information System(GIS) in Determining the Suitability of Fisheries Locations Cultivation of Freshwater Fish Ponds in South Aceh Regency

The potential of freshwater aquaculture area in South Aceh has not been optimally pursued; this is due to the limited technological and information capabilities, institutions and funding. The purpose of this study was to map the suitability of freshwater aquaculture land by utilizing the Geographic Information System (GIS) and multi criteria analysis in South Aceh. Determination of land suitability is done through the Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) and application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results of the analysis show that the appropriate location (S1) is 81.55% (of the total area sample area) and the location which is not suitable is 18.45% (of the total area sample area). This indicates that the coastal areas of South Aceh have potential freshwater aquaculture areas.

Occurrence and distribution of phthalate esters in freshwater aquaculture fish ponds in Pearl River Delta, China

The concentrations, congener profiles and spatial distribution of 13 phthalate esters (PAEs) in the freshwater fish ponds in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region were investigated in water and sediment samples collect from 22 sites during Jul. 2016–Sept. 2017. The di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was the predominant compounds in both water and sediment samples, accounting for 70.1% and 66.1% of ∑PAEs, respectively. The DEHP concentrations in the water samples collected from the sites of Zhongshan (35.7 μg/L), Jingmen (17.3 μg/L) and Nanhai (14.2 μg/L) were higher than that collected from other sampling sites (p <0.05), and exceed the Chinese environmental quality standards for surface water (DEHP, 8.00 μg/L). The concentrations of ΣPAEs (mean and median were 11.8 mg/kg dw and 7.95 mg/kg dw) in sediment was higher than that in sediment of river and estuary in the PRD region (p <0.05). The median concentrations of DEHP and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) exceeded recommend environmental risk limit (ERL) that posed a potential risk to the aquaculture fish pond environment in the PRD.

Experimental Studies on the Reproduction of the Thin-Lipped Mullet, Liza ramada

Like females of many commercially important fishes, Liza ramada fail to complete ovarian development and do not undergo final maturation (FOM), ovulation or spawning when reared in captivity. The aim of the present work was to investigate the histological and physiological changes during the reproductive cycle of Liza ramada reared in freshwater fish ponds and during induction of spawning in saline water. In the present study, the levels of total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and cortisol in the plasma of Liza ramada in a complete reproductive cycle were measured in correlation with the seasonal histological changes in gonads. During the reproductive cycle of females, serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol decreased during ovarian early-vitellogenesis and increased during mid-vitellogenesis to reach a peak for both T4 and cortisol. Then, these hormones declined to low levels during late-vitellogenesis. At the prespawning stage, all mentioned hormones re-increased to high levels and finally declined during induction of spawning. There was a decrease in serum levels of thyroid and cortisol hormones coincided with an increase in testicular activity of the fish. T3 and T4 increased duringtestis ripening to reach a peak during spawning, while cortisol reached a peak during ripe stage and decreased to low levels during spawning. In conclusion, the seasonal changes in thyroid hormones and cortisol concomitant with gonadal maturation and spawning of Liza ramada support role for these hormones in reproduction and stress response of this fish.

Multifunctionality of pond fish farms in the opinion of the farm managers: the case of Hungary

AbstractFreshwater fish ponds, besides producing fish, function as valuable aquatic habitats, contribute to the maintenance and enrichment of the quality of the ecosystem, play an important role in water and landscape management, provide services for various recreational activities and contribute to the preservation of the cultural heritage. The multifunctional character of pond fish farming has been recognized for long time; however, recently it has also been realized that the deliberate multidirectional use of fish ponds (production, angling, recreation, education, etc.) offers additional economic benefits. Experience with the operation of multifunctional fish farms in Hungary has clearly shown that the diversification of activities is a promising alternative during the development of sustainable pond fish farming. However, further efforts are required to investigate the specificities and applicability of the various factors and also the optimal ratio between them to utilize the opportunities offered by multifunctional use of freshwater fish ponds. Research on multifunctional pond fish farming has mainly been limited to descriptions of the various functions of fish ponds, for example environmental services. However, the attitude of farm managers towards the possible multifunctional use of their farming system has never been investigated. In this study, the importance of the various existing or potential functions of a pond fish farm and their role in the future development of multifunctional pond fish farms have been investigated through the analysis of the appraisal of experienced farm managers by analytic hierarchy process. The results of the research provide empirical evidence that can be used for the elaboration of policies, development strategies, R&amp;D and the legal frameworks needed for the sustainable development of multifunctional pond fish farming.

A wireless sensor network-based monitoring system for freshwater fishpond aquaculture

Cabled intelligent systems bring with them the complexities of structures, the complications of data measurements and transmission, and a limited scale of application. A wireless sensor network is used to eliminate these disadvantages, however reliability of data transmission and energy saving in a wireless sensor network are two challenges that still need to be addressed. The design information on three types of nodes in a wireless sensor network is described in detail. Tree topology for WSN is adopted to decrease the packet loss rate and improve reliability of data transmission. Allowing sensor nodes to sleep and reorganising the data frames are the two approaches used to achieve energy-saving. The experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of these approaches in solving the challenges.

Enhanced hydrocarbon production and improved biodiesel qualities of Botryococcus braunii KMITL 5 by vitamins thiamine, biotin and cobalamin supplementation

Botryococcus braunii, a green microalga which is a potentially good biodiesel feedstock, was isolated from a freshwater fish pond in Bangkok, and the effects of B-vitamins—thiamine, biotin and cobalamin as well as their mixes—on its biomass, hydrocarbon production, carbohydrate content and biodiesel properties were investigated, using a control group that was not supplemented with any vitamins. The addition of thiamine increased the alga's biomass and hydrocarbon content, whereas addition of biotin, cobalamin and mixes of all three vitamins did not increase its hydrocarbon content. Among the vitamins tested, thiamine 150μgL−1 was the best for producing high biomass (2.08±0.07gL−1), hydrocarbon content (37.29±0.41%), hydrocarbon yield (0.77±0.03gL−1) and hydrocarbon productivity (90.32±3.05mgL−1d−1). Maximum carbohydrate content (386±39mgg−1) was achieved by addition of 1μgL−1 cobalamin. Compared to the control group, the alga cultured in media supplemented with 100μgL−1 thiamine showed better biodiesel properties with lower iodine value (76.42g I2 100g−1), cold filter plugging point (9.90°C) and higher cetane number (54.30). Therefore, thiamine was shown to be a promising culture medium supplement for this strain for using it as a feedstock for biodiesel production. An investigation of vitamin B-related gene in B. braunii KMITL 5 found related genes for thiamine (thi), biotin (bioB and bioF) and cobalamin (metE and metH) vitamins, which are marks of vitamin autotrophy in algae.

Investigation on sanitation of freshwater aquaculture environments and Clonorchis sinensis intermediate host infection in a city of Pearl River Delta region, China

To understand the current status of the sanitation of freshwater aquaculture environments, and Clonorchis sinensis infection of freshwater fish in the aquaculture and market in a city of Pearl River Delta region, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the prevention and control strategy of clonorchiasis sinensis. In 2016, based on the distribution of freshwater aquaculture, 36 freshwater fish ponds among 14 towns were selected for sampling and investigation, and 10-20 pieces were collected from each pond. Besides, 3 aquatic product wholesale markets were included, among which 3-6 stalls were selected from each market, and 20-30 pieces were collected from each stall. The metacercaria in the fish was examined by the digestion method. In the 36 fish ponds, there were no toilets with the stool being drained into fish ponds directly, and there was only one pond with duck sheds with the stool being drained into fish ponds directly. Totally 437 pieces of freshwater fish from ponds were detected, with a metacercaria positive rate of 4.35% (19/437). The metacercaria positive fish were distributed in 50% (7/14) of towns and 25% (9/36) ponds. The positive rates of crucian carp, grass carp, dace, aristichthysnobilis, and tilapia were 13.95% (6/43), 4.76% (9/189), 4.44 (2/45), 1.55% (2/129), and 0 (0/31) respectively, with statistically significant difference (χ2 = 13.46, P = 0.01). Totally 307 pieces of freshwater fish were collected from the wholesale markets, with a total positive rate of 1.95% (6/307). The positive rate of grass carp and aristichthysnobilis were 3.20% (4/125) and 2.78% (2/72) respectively, and no positive samples were found in crucian carp, dace and tilapia, with no statistically significant difference among the different fish in the infection rate (Fisher exact P = 0.75). The sanitation of freshwater aquaculture environments in a city of Pearl River Delta region is relative good. However, there are different degrees of Clonorchis sinensis infection of freshwater fish in some aquaculture environments and markets.