Fresh Start Research Articles

Death of Philosophy or the Death of Postmodernism: How Far We Can Liberate the Human Mind?

As postmodernism emerges as the reaction against modernism, it doubts on deeply rooted truths. Truth does not always exist, which is changing and ever changing. It supports death of discipline, death of author, death of doctrines and death of god. Modernism is a concept of enlightenment and rationality whereas postmodernism is reaction against it. Furthermore, modernism rejects traditional values, ethics, and system for development but postmodernism argues that modernism exploits people in the name of development and construction and is fit mere with slogan. Postmodernism in law rejects all traditional philosophy and supports indeterminacy in law. It rejects all western meta-narratives i.e. liberalism, capitalism and communism. There are bureaucratization, centralization and manipulation in modernism which are not acceptable to postmodern activists. Yet, this concept is adopted for super-emancipation of people from any school of thought. It endorses an exhilarating movement of rapture with kaleidoscopic and hedonistic concept. Truth may be established only in one period of time; not for whole history of mankind. Conversely, modernist criticizes postmodernism as a young conservatism which cannot show any alternatives and plan of actions. They argue that there is no existence of postmodernism movement because of their nearsightedness in contemporary time. Conversely, postmodernism follows the tradition to accept any alternatives and mutual tolerance to liberate human mind and thinking pattern. Death of philosophy, death of author, death of God concept of postmodernism has led to new dimension of critical thinking which recommends making fresh start in thinking pattern. Despite the growing relevance postmodernism couldn’t be widely accepted by academic domain because of the absence of sustained plan of actions to liberate human mind and social values. Yet, it rejects bureaucratic hierarchy, absolute truths and any form of domination which supports to maintain social justice and human values for all. This postmodern movement is based on the assumptions of J.F. Loytard, Michel Foucult, Jackes Derrida, Martin Heidegger, Frederic Neitzsche, Richard Rorty etc. Balkin, Santos, and R.M. Unger applied it in legal philosophy in their own context with their method of reconstruction.

Hospitality training for prisoners

Noting rising statistics relating to incarceration and reoffending, there has been increased attention given to analysing the delivery, effectiveness and challenges of hospitality training and employment programmes for rehabilitating prisoners. The stigma of having a criminal record and being unreliable and untrustworthy remains a significant barrier for prisoners in gaining employment. This stigma may be compounded by a prisoner’s lack of skills, education, social problems and poor (physical and mental) health. However, there are now an increasing number of prisons around the world offering qualifications in catering, or a hospitality social enterprise such as a jailhouse café; for example, the Verne café and The Clink restaurants in the U.K. Our research sought to fill a gap in understanding about how the public feel about such initiatives, which aim to give prisoners a second chance.
 Using the case study of the very successful annual ‘Gate to Plate’ event in Wellington, our research gained various perspectives on the use of this prison event as a social model of rehabilitation through hospitality training. Specifically, we used thematic analysis [1] to analyse public information sources about the event. Sources included newspaper articles, trade magazines, social media, information taken from the New Zealand Department of Corrections website, independent reviews of the event, and a radio interview with one of the inmates.
 Since 2012, local industry chefs and minimum-security prisoner-cooks from Rimutaka prison have teamed together to produce fine dining cuisine for the annual ‘Wellington on a Plate’ festival – a festival designed to showcase the region’s food and beverages. The inmates are usually experienced in cooking and working towards a cooking qualification. During the ‘Gate to Plate’ event as part of the Wellington festival, Rimutaka prison hosts 160 paying members of the public and more than 60 stakeholders over three nights. After clearing security and a briefing, guests experience a glimpse of ‘life inside’ and are served a three-course dinner in the Staff Training College followed by a question and answer session with the prisoner-cooks. The event is an innovative way to show the public the work happening to rehabilitate prisoners, and an opportunity to break down the negative stereotypes of offenders.
 Our research revealed three common themes in the content of the public information sources we analysed. The themes were: ‘breaking the stereotypes’; ‘pride and passion to make a difference’; and ‘training for rehabilitation’. The first theme emerged from comments by chefs, journalists and other guests on their change in attitude toward a more positive perception of prisoners as a result of attending the event, suggesting that this type of initiative may enable transformation in terms of social identity. The second theme saw inmates commonly discussing their passion and desire to ‘make a difference’ for themselves; a fresh start. Thus, the passion of volunteering in such an event can provide a sense of new meaning for a new future. The third theme related to common positive reports of the importance of in-prison training and qualifications for rehabilitation.
 While this paper makes no claim about the effectiveness of the ‘Gate to Plate’ event as a reforming rehabilitation practice for prisoners, there is mounting evidence worldwide to suggest that in-prison training and post-release employment programmes can successfully assist prisoners to remain custody free post-release (e.g. [2]). As such, we encourage further research to examine how hospitality training and employment may provide a positive opportunity to change lives through enabling a second chance.
 This research was presented at the CHME (Council of Hospitality Management Education) conference in May 2019 at the University of Greenwich in England.
 Corresponding author
 Tracy Harkison can be contacted at: tracy.harkison@aut.ac.nz
 References
 (1) Braun, V.; Clarke, V. Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 2006, 3 (2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
 (2) Cale, J.; Day, A.; Casey, S.; Bright, D.; Wodak, J.; Giles, M.; Baldry, E. Australian Prison Vocational Education and Training and Returns to Custody among Male and Female Ex-prisoners: A Cross-jurisdictional Study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 2019, 52 (10), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004865818779418

A fresh start needed for dental contracts in Wales

A fresh start needed for dental contracts in Wales

A fresh start and taking MPs to the #LegalAidFrontline

A fresh start and taking MPs to the #LegalAidFrontline

The legacy of Václav Trnka: modern medical education in Slovakia and Hungary in the eighteenth century.

A fresh start of higher medical education in Slovakia and Hungary is closely related to Trnava (Nagyszombat). The University of Trnava had originally been established in 1635 but the Faculty of Medicine was added only later, in 1769, when the name of the university was also changed to Royal Hungarian University of Sciences. A fresh graduate, Václav Trnka from Křovice (1739-1791), was appointed as head of the Department of Anatomy. He was not only an anatomist, but a real polymath of the second half of the eighteenth century practicing medicine as well as becoming the Dean, then the Rector of the University. He has lived and acted within several countries of Central Europe, or rather, the Austrio-Hungarian monarchy during the reign of Empress Maria Theresia, then her son Joseph II. Born in Bohemia (now Czech Republic), studied and graduated in Austria, then finally was appointed as the first Professor of Anatomy of a newly established medical faculty in Upper Hungary (now Slovakia). In 1777, the university was moved first to Buda, then to Pest (now parts of the capital of Hungary), and the Faculty of Medicine was not separated from the rest of the faculties before the end of the Second World War. Following several institutional and name changes, this Medical Faculty is considered as the foundation of the present Semmelweis University. Trnka was a proliferous author, publishing more than 20 monographs covering various branches of clinical medicine, however, no anatomical work may be connected to his activity. And as a typical intellectual of the era, he was a keen and talented musician composing several canons.

Examining the Impacts of Middle School Disciplinary Policies on Ninth-Grade Retention

We estimate the relationship between exclusionary discipline given in eighth-grade and the probability of ninth-grade retention. We use a rich 7-year, student-level, panel data set from Arkansas. We use a novel approach by limiting our sample to students who switch schools between eighth and ninth grades. This movement gives each student a fresh start and removes the potential confound of a student’s reputation as a “problem student” that could influence teachers to be harsher on students who already have a disciplinary record. Further, we control for student infractions in eighth-grade, to focus on the relationship between the exclusionary consequence (rather than the precipitating behavior) and future academic success. We find that students who receive exclusionary discipline in eighth grade are more likely to be retained in ninth-grade compared with similar students whose infractions did not result in exclusionary discipline. Moreover, we find that the likelihood of ninth-grade retention increases with the number of days of exclusionary discipline. We, however, did not find any statistically significant subgroup differences.

Lung Transplantation in Hungary From Cardiac Surgeons' Perspective

Thoracic organ transplantation made a fresh start in Hungary with the first double lung transplant in December 2015. This major leap in Hungarian transplantation was preceded by almost 10 years of preparation, new infrastructure development, and structural changes not only at the organizational level but in human resources as well. In the following years, until recently, altogether 47 lung transplants were performed on 24 men and 23 women. The underlying pathologies were as follows: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 25; cystic fibrosis, 11; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 7; as well as other diseases, including bronchiectasis, eosinophilic granuloma, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and primary pulmonary hypertension in 4 cases. The youngest recipient was 13 and the oldest was 65 years old. Overall survival rates at 30 days and at 1 year were 96% and 82%, respectively. No patients were lost in the cystic fibrosis and other diseases group, whereas the 1-year survival rates of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis groups were 73% and 71%, respectively. The results show the robustness and viability of the program, although there is still opportunity for further improvement. In this short paper, we summarize the fields of possible further cooperation of thoracic and cardiac teams as well as future challenges facing the new Hungarian lung transplant program.

Changes in Practice among Physicians with Malpractice Claims

BackgroundPhysicians with poor malpractice liability records may pose a risk to patient safety. There are long-standing concerns that such physicians tend to relocate for a fresh start, but little is known about whether, how, and where they continue to practice.MethodsWe linked an extract of the National Practitioner Data Bank to the Medicare Data on Provider Practice and Specialty data set to create a national cohort of physicians 35 to 65 years of age who practiced during the period from 2008 through 2015. We analyzed associations between the number of paid malpractice claims that physicians accrued and exits from medical practice, changes in clinical volume, geographic relocation, and change in practice-group size.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 480,894 physicians who had 68,956 paid claims from 2003 through 2015. A total of 89.0% of the physicians had no claims, 8.8% had 1 claim, and the remaining 2.3% had 2 or more claims and accounted for 38.9% of all claims. The number of claims was positively associated with the odds of leaving the practice of medicine (odds ratio for 1 claim vs. no claims, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.11; odds ratio for ≥5 claims, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.74). The number of claims was not associated with geographic relocation but was positively associated with shifts into smaller practice settings. For example, physicians with 5 or more claims had more than twice the odds of moving into solo practice than physicians with no claims (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.79 to 3.20).ConclusionsPhysicians with multiple malpractice claims were no more likely to relocate geographically than those with no claims, but they were more likely to stop practicing medicine or switch to smaller practice settings. (Funded by SUMIT Insurance and the Australian Research Council.)

Constitutional Law France

In order to understand the present, one must be aware of past events. Each political regime stems from a reaction to previous regimes. The current French constitutional and political regime is no exception as it is made up of a complex sum of reactions―positive and negative―to a long line of constitutional experiments. In that respect, it is generally agreed that the landmark starting point is the Revolution of 1789. Although there was an organized polity under the old regime (Ancien Regime), with a kind of customary constitution as embedded in the fundamental laws of the Kingdom, there was no constitution in the modern sense―that is understood as a set of rules and principles regulating the relationships between government and those being governed. The Revolution of 1789 represents this significant break from previous political tenets. While representing a significant trauma in the French society at the time, it really marked a fresh start towards the institutional and constitutional principles as we know them today, which include the separation of powers, the principle of a bill of rights, the primacy of the constitution, the principle of sovereignty and the right of suffrage.

Local Enterprise Partnerships: Seven-year itch, or in need of a radical re-think? – Lessons from Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK

England has struggled to create and sustain intermediate tier institutions of leadership and governance between national government (UKG) and local authorities. This ‘in perspective’ paper reflects on the establishment of 39 Local Enterprise Partnerships between 2010 and 2012, and their assumption of increasing powers and resources during their first seven years of existence (2010–17). This is considered in the light of the lessons of the Greater Cambridgeshire Greater Peterborough Local Enterprise Partnership. Greater Cambridgeshire Greater Peterborough Local Enterprise Partnership was a first round Local Enterprise Partnerships eventually wound up and absorbed into a Mayoral Combined Authority – itself a new form of intermediate tier institution – in early 2018. Greater Cambridgeshire Greater Peterborough Local Enterprise Partnership exemplifies the challenges of intermediate tier leadership and governance in England in many ways – the tensions between administrative and functional economic geographies; between national and local legitimacy and accountabilities; between political, business, and third sector stakeholders; between strategic leadership and delivery effectiveness. In mid-2018 Government’s ‘Strengthened LEPs’ Review – partly stimulated by the Greater Cambridgeshire Greater Peterborough Local Enterprise Partnership experience – sought to reconcile some of these tensions. The paper suggests major limitations with the review’s approach, which may also have surfaced fundamental contradictions in Government’s devolution ambitions and policies. England will almost certainly need a new approach to local and regional growth as BREXIT issues play out over 2019–21, and as it seeks to deliver Local Industrial Strategies. The Local Industrial Strategies seek to tackle fundamental industrial and inclusive growth challenges across England’s cities and regions with their wide territorial variations in performance. Whether this can be founded on an evolution of the Local Enterprise Partnership system or requires a radical fresh start remains an open question.

Exploring perceptions of stroke survivors and caregivers about secondary prevention: a longitudinal qualitative study

Purpose: To explore the changes in perceived barriers and facilitators associated with participation in secondary prevention activities of stroke survivors and their caregivers over the early stroke recovery period.Method: We conducted two individual interviews (at 2 weeks and 6 months post-discharge) with stroke survivors and their family members. Using purposive sampling, participants were recruited from the stroke units of two acute care hospitals.Results: About 11 male and 8 female stroke survivors and nine caregivers participated in the study. Thematic analysis identified three themes. (1) “A soul searching experience” indicating that the stroke was anxiety provoking leading to a soul searching experience into exploring its causes to adopt a healthy lifestyle; (2) “Old habits die hard” revealing that stroke survivors encountered barriers to adopt healthy lifestyle changes; (3) “Making a fresh start” recognizing that participants were motivated to make their lifestyle healthier and most sustained some lifestyle changes over the past 6 months.Conclusion: Despite experiencing some barriers, stroke survivors adopted lifestyle changes transitioning through different stages of change. Stroke prevention education and interventions from experts would be helpful later in the rehabilitation phase (once at home) and adopting a patient-family centered approach may assist stroke survivors and their caregivers in the uptake of secondary stroke prevention activities.Implications for rehabilitationStroke is perceived as a soul searching experience by stroke survivors and their caregivers motivating them to enquire its causes and adopting lifestyle changes to prevent a future stroke.Despite experiencing some barriers, stroke survivors adopted lifestyle changes transitioning through different stages of change.Stroke prevention education and interventions from experts would be helpful later in the rehabilitation phase (once at home).Adopting a patient-family centered approach may assist stroke survivors and their caregivers in the uptake of secondary stroke prevention activities.

Fine-Tuning Your Fresh Start

What's the best time of year to set goals for self-improvement? My answer: Right now. January is a fresh start: an opportunity to leave our imperfect 2018 selves behind and begin anew with the hope that our 2019 selves will be better. Hence the time-honored tradition of New Year's resolutions, which most American adults report making. For students, January is also often the beginning of a new marking period. It is at this equinox—midway between the first day of school and the last—when students have enough feedback to know what they need to improve and enough time to feel like effort might change their final grades. The science of fresh starts is intuitive: temporal landmarks like the New Year or a new semester spur us to set goals for improving our performance, no matter what it is we want to improve. What may not be obvious is how fickle hope can be.

Remaking the Rural South: Interracialism, Christian Socialism, and Cooperative Farming in Jim Crow Mississippi by Robert Hunt Ferguson

Reviewed by: Remaking the Rural South: Interracialism, Christian Socialism, and Cooperative Farming in Jim Crow Mississippiby Robert Hunt Ferguson Ansley L. Quiros Remaking the Rural South: Interracialism, Christian Socialism, and Cooperative Farming in Jim Crow Mississippi. By Robert Hunt Ferguson. Politics and Culture in the Twentieth-Century South. ( Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2018. Pp. xvi, 211. $56.95, ISBN 978-0-8203-5179-7.) Remaking the Rural South: Interracialism, Christian Socialism, and Cooperative Farming in Jim Crow Mississippitells the story of Delta Cooperative Farm and its related effort, Providence Farm: interracial, Christian, socialist [End Page 733]farming communities founded in Mississippi in the 1930s. "[I]mplausible" as these communities may have been, existing as they did "smack-dab" in the rural Jim Crow South, Robert Hunt Ferguson maintains that they were "much more than nearly forgotten curiosities" (p. 1). Rather, the existence of Delta Cooperative and Providence Farms reveals that the rural poor were long engaged in labor and civil rights activism, complicating the traditional narrative. In telling this story, Remaking the Rural Southcontributes to the history of American intentional communities, American labor history, American religious history, and the history of the long civil rights movement. Founded in 1936, Delta Cooperative Farm brought together black and white sharecroppers in the Mississippi Delta in a communitarian vision for economic justice. The farm's founders rooted their bold experiment in the traditions of American socialism and in Reinhold Niebuhr's Christian realism, joining "southern dreamers" in testing imaginative solutions for the besetting problems facing a South reeling from the Great Depression and choked by Jim Crow (p. 12). At Delta Cooperative and Providence Farms, dozens of black and white sharecroppers labored alongside one another, built homes, formed relationships, attended Christian worship services, and even hosted social events, though these remained segregated. Volunteers came and worked, as prominent Americans such as Eleanor Roosevelt, Cordell Hull, and William Alexander Percy praised the farms' egalitarian vision. But the endeavor was constrained from the outset. Poor soil and torrential rains made farming difficult. Residents faced near constant hostility from neighbors. Divisions also existed within the farms, particularly over race and power. Problematically, the founding of the interracial Delta Cooperative Farm was decidedly not interracial, illustrating, in Ferguson's words, "the contradictions implicit" in the project (p. 43). The white founders retained decision-making power, leading, as early as 1936, to black residents holding an "'indignation meeting'" (p. 71). In 1938 Providence Farm was founded nearby in an effort to transition residents into a fresh start. Though Providence was more democratic and focused on black self-help, old issues lingered. Moreover, the leveling effects of the Great Depression had dissipated (p. 92). As Ferguson argues, the 1930s presented "a moment of imagined possibility when heady ideas … were put into practice" (p. 2). That moment proved short-lived. Delta Cooperative Farm disbanded in 1942, and Providence Farm followed in 1956, fewer than twenty years after its founding. Ferguson claims "that to focus on strict interpretations of success and failure is to miss the point entirely," suggesting that the larger significance is in the fact that "the farms existed at all" (p. 15). While certainly the existence of the farms is remarkable, their failure is actually quite significant. Understanding why Delta Cooperative and Providence Farms failed when other radical communities endured can offer insight into the limits and possibilities of southern activism. For instance, it seems that racial paternalism doomed the farms from the start. In perpetuating segregation, in sidelining black voices, and in keeping power with white men, the project lacked the political, social, and theological power the civil rights movement later harnessed. When black residents did assert their interests in the later years of Providence Farm, they pursued voter registration, public health initiatives, [End Page 734]and education, experiencing success and "empowerment" (p. 4). The lesson is clear: work for collective change in the South must center marginalized voices. In this point, Remaking the Rural South, though a story of one narrow effort, brings an important historical case to bear on the still pressing questions of racial and economic justice in the U.S. South. Readers should take heed in case another moment...

Records of the Moravians Among the Cherokees. Volume 7: March to Removal, Part 2, Death in the Land and Mission, 1825-1827 ed. by Richard W. Starbuck

Reviewed by: Records of the Moravians Among the Cherokees. Volume 7: March to Removal, Part 2, Death in the Land and Mission, 1825-1827 ed. by Richard W. Starbuck John Ellisor Records of the Moravians Among the Cherokees. Volume 7: March to Removal, Part 2, Death in the Land and Mission, 1825-1827. Edited by Richard W. Starbuck. (Tahlequah, Okla.: Cherokee Heritage Press, 2017. Pp. xxii, 3255-3768. $50.00, ISBN 978-0-9826907-9-6.) The correspondence in this volume of the Moravian records continues to reveal the day-to-day efforts of the Moravian missionaries in spreading their religion among Native Americans in a time of great uncertainty and stress for the Cherokee Nation. The missionaries, Johann Renatus Schmidt at Springplace and John Gambold at Oochgeelogy mission, detail a variety of their problems: incompetent assistants, poor finances, competition from the Methodists and Native leaders, and even an overabundance of venomous serpents in their gardens and kitchens. But the men also speak of successes: the building of a mission house and new school for Cherokee youths at Oochgeelogy, the strong support of the nation's two principal chiefs, the new converts, and a wave of religious fervor sweeping the Cherokee country aided, no doubt, by the Second Great Awakening and, more particularly, by the work of Methodist evangelists and their emotional appeals. Nevertheless, the doom "cloud of removal" hung over the Moravian missionaries and the Cherokees during this period (p. xvii). In 1825 the Creek headman William McIntosh, who had close ties to the Cherokees, accepted a $50,000 bribe to cede all of the Creek lands to the United States. Creek leaders executed McIntosh for his treachery, but the Creek country bordered that of the Cherokees, and Natives and missionaries alike knew that if the federal government allowed the treaty to stand and forced the Creeks to move to the West, the Cherokees would be the next targets of fraudulent dispossession. In fact, Brother Schmidt stated that he believed the government's treaty commissioners could certainly find '"Halfbreeds and other Speculators'" willing to take bribes to cede land (p. 3319). But at first, Schmidt seemed to secretly support removal as a cure for the Cherokee Nation's problems. He decried the fact that wealthy slave-owning Cherokees of mixed descent controlled the nation's affairs, while the poor Indians starved in a country depleted of game. He saw murders increasing in the land along with corruption spread by intruding white settlers. All helped convince Schmidt that the movement west would give the Cherokees and missionaries a fresh start and a brighter future. Fortunately, the federal government did not honor McIntosh's treaty and compel the Creeks to move beyond the Mississippi River. Accordingly, the furor over removal died down somewhat in the Cherokee country. In the interim, Schmidt had time to further assess Cherokee public opinion and decided that they were determined to stay where they were and defend their country. Consequently, he changed his view of emigration and, like most Moravians, proclaimed that removal would actually demolish everything the Cherokees and missionaries had built. And, indeed, the Cherokees did continue to build their own republic as a means of holding on to their nation as it existed in portions of Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, and North Carolina. The Moravian correspondence notes that Sequoyah invented his syllabary in 1825, allowing the Cherokees to read and write their own language and the missionaries to produce Cherokee hymnals and bibles. The Cherokee National [End Page 434] Council also authorized the printing of a national newspaper, the Cherokee Phoenix, as well as building a national academy at New Echota, the Cherokee capital. Then, in 1827, the National Council adopted a constitution similar to that of the United States, adding to all their other accomplishments as a "civilized" Indian nation. However, the Moravians and Cherokees suffered great losses that year. The Cherokees' longtime principal chief, Pathkiller, and his successor and friend of the Moravians, Charles Renatus Hicks, died within two weeks of each other. And following those two men, Brother Gambold passed to his reward after many years of service in the Cherokee country. Moreover, the Cherokees and Moravians had to know that...

Weight Perceptions and Weight-Related Behaviors among Low Income Postpartum Women.

Minority and low-income women have higher rates of postpartum weight retention, contributing to increased rates of obesity in these populations. Weight perceptions may be an important factor contributing to the adoption of weight-management behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between weight perceptions and weight-related behaviors among overweight low-income women during postpartum enrolled in a weight loss intervention study. This is a cross-sectional analysis of the Fresh Start study baseline data among overweight and obese low-income women during postpartum (N = 132). General linear regression models assessed the association between weight perceptions and energy intake, energy expenditure, self-monitoring, and self-regulation. Women who perceived themselves to be very overweight had significantly lower self-regulation (β = -4.0, SE = 1.6, p = 0.014) and higher energy expenditure (β = 1.3, SE = 0.7, p = 0.05) compared to women who perceived themselves to be moderately overweight or a little overweight. There were no significant associations between weight perceptions and self-monitoring or energy intake. This study found that weight perceptions among these women are important factors to consider for weight loss. Future research should focus on investigating the impact of tailoring interventions to weight perceptions to impact engagement in weight-related behaviors in diverse low-income women during postpartum.

REFINING THE MATERIAL SUBSTANCE: ARISTOTLE’S PROGRAM IN METAPHYSICS H1-5

<p>En <em>Metaph</em>. Z17, Aristóteles toma un nuevo punto de partida (1041a6) en su discusión sobre la sustancia: la forma sustancial es principio y causa (1041a6-10, 1041b8), mientras que la mate­ria es un elemento (1041b31) de las sustancias mate­riales. Además, un compromiso de Aristóteles, quizá no totalmente acla­rado en Z17, es que las sustancias materiales son todos unificados (1041b11-12). Éstas son dos tesis centrales de Z17, cuya aparente ausencia en el resu­men de H1 (1042a3-23) ha despertado dudas entre los co­menta­do­res acerca del mismo proyecto de H; un libro que es visto comúnmente como un mero ma­nojo de notas so­bre temas de Z. En cuanto a la con­tribución positiva de H, los comentadores destacan poco más que la in­troducción del vocabu­lario modal de potencia y acto, en el cual se habría traducido la distinción de Z entre ma­teria y forma; y encuentran recién en la solución que H6 (1045a23-25, 1045b18-19) ofrece al pro­blema de la unidad la genuina con­tribución que hace el entero libro H. Como conse­cuencia de esta lectura, H1-5 que­dan a la sombra de H6 y resultan escasamente atendi­dos. En contra de la tendencia todavía predominante a no considerar H1-5 en sí mismos, en este artículo in­tentaré mostrar que esos capítulos desarrollan un pro­grama que prepara adecuada­mente la conclu­sión de H6. H2-3 son la pri­mera gran estación en ese progra­ma; allí Aristóteles justifica la priori­dad de la forma; posteriormente, en H4-5 hace algo similar con la uni­dad de los compues­tos materiales. De tal manera, tra­taré de mostrar que H1-5 constituyen una pieza cen­tral en el acaba­miento de la teoría sobre la sustancia material ini­ciada en Z17.</p>

Celebrate a fresh start!

January has long been associated with new beginnings and renewed commitment to long-term plans. Here, Julie Mckie reveals what prompted her to seek pastures new way before New Year was upon us, while some of our Dental Nursing friends share their outlook for 2019

The Museums of the World and I. My Museum Experience in an Eastern European Country

In the context of the major changes that the the Museum of the Romanian Peasant is currently undergoing, we decided to publish an extraordinarily daring article written by Irina Nicolau in 1994, at a time when the “young” MRP she had co-founded together with Horia Bernea was experiencing another era of change and challenges as it made a fresh start after the fall of communism. With the bright reflections of young PhD candidate Dominique Belkis serving as her mirror, as in a dialogue between master and disciple, Irina Nicolau tells her story about the scars left by the communist decades on Eastern European countries and, more specifically, on Romanian culture. Being aware of the necessity to rethink the past in order to stage it in a valid discourse for the present and for the future as well, the ethnologist—who relies on intelligent emotions—speaks of mother-like museums in opposition to father-like ones, of the absent museums of her adolescence and the imaginary bridges she built in order to reach them, of the thirst for knowledge under a rigidly prohibitive political regime. More than twenty years old, Nicolau’s and Belkis’s reflections prove to be as valid and as topical in the present. But what would an antidote museum look like today? And, above all, could the Missionary Museum of the MRP’s early days be a visionary one?

Getting Lost in Gatlinburg: How Low‐Income Residents “Make Do” in an Appalachian Tourist Town

AbstractPerched at the edge of the most‐visited national park in the US—the Great Smoky Mountains—Gatlinburg, Tennessee, is a bustling tourist resort, filled with hotels, restaurants, and amusements. Every summer hundreds of people come to Gatlinburg looking for work, a place to stay, and a “fresh start.” Gatlinburg has become a place for those who want to relocate after experiencing life‐altering crises: job loss, domestic violence, addiction, bankruptcy, or the death of a loved one. Whatever circumstances propel them there, new arrivals inevitably face a critical housing shortage and a labor market dominated by low‐wage, contingent jobs. They confront these challenges by developing tactics for getting by in Gatlinburg. Borrowing a phrase from a long‐time Gatlinburg resident, I identify some of these tactics as “getting lost in Gatlinburg.” This paper presents two case studies of low‐income white women who make ends meet by using their obscurity in the face of neoliberal social institutions, including making use of their “white privilege” and detailed local knowledge. Understanding “getting lost” as a deliberate tactic reveals subtle and complex forms of agency in their efforts to move beyond the stigma of their current circumstances toward more personally fulfilling lives for themselves and their families.

Time will tell: Temporal landmarks influence metaphorical associations between space and time

AbstractAccording to the Temporal Focus Hypothesis (TFH), people’s implicit spatial conceptions are shaped by their temporal focus. Whereas previous studies have demonstrated that people’s cultural or individual differences related to certain temporal focus may influence their spatializations of time, we focus on temporal landmarks as potential additional influences on people’s space-time mappings. In Experiment 1, we investigated how personally-related events influence students’ conceptions of time. The results showed that student examinees were more likely to think about time according to the past-in-front mapping, and student registrants, future-in-front mapping. Experiment 2 explored the influence of calendar markers and found that participants tested on the Chinese Spring Festival, a symbol of a fresh start, tended to conceptualize the future as in front of them, while those tested on the Tomb Sweeping Day, an opportunity to remember the ancestors, showed the reversed pattern. In Experiment 3, two scenarios representing past or future landmarks correspondingly were presented to participants. We found that past-focused/future -focused scenarios caused an increase in the rate of past-in-front/future-in-front responses respectively. Taken together, the results from these three studies suggest that people’s conceptions of time may vary according to temporal landmarks, which can be explained by the TFH.