Fresh Rice Straw Silage Research Articles

Characteristics of fresh rice straw silage quality prepared with addition of lactic acid bacteria and crude cellulase

<abstract> <p>The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of fresh rice straw silage quality prepared with addition of <italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</italic> 1A-2 and crude cellulase alone or in combination. Quality of the silage was observed through the chemical composition, chemical structure and <italic>in vitro</italic> digestibility. Six treatments were used in this study, i.e., 1) rice straw without any treatment as control, 2) rice straw with addition of 0.1% <italic>L. plantarum</italic> 1A-2 (LAB1), 3) rice straw with addition of 1% crude cellulase (E1), 4) rice straw with addition of 0.1% <italic>L. plantarum</italic> 1A-2 and 1% cellulase enzyme. (LAB1 E1), 5) rice straw with addition of 2% crude cellulase (E2), 6) rice straw with addition of 0.2% <italic>L. plantarum</italic> 1A-2 and 2% crude cellulase (LAB2E2). Each treatment was replicated by four times (n = 24). Ensilage was carried out for 60 days. Data obtained were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) according to complete randomized design. The result indicated that the treatments increased dry matter (DM) (p = 0.001), crude protein (p < 0.001) and lactic acid (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, reduced pH (p < 0.001) and organic acids (acetic, propionic and butyric (p < 0.001)). Total crystallinity index (TCI) of rice straw silage varied among treatments and decreased in crystallinity (%) except for LAB2E2, which showed the lowest crystalline size. The treatment increased DM digestibility (p = 0.397) with the highest in LAB2E2. There is significant effect (p < 0.001) on increasing the main SCFA products from <italic>in vitro</italic> rumen fermentation. This study suggests that addition of <italic>L. plantarum</italic> 1A-2 inoculant alone or with crude cellulase improved fresh rice straw silage quality.</p> </abstract>

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculants on Fermentation of Low Moisture Fresh Rice Straw Silage at Different Storage Periods

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of different storage periods of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented low moisture fresh rice straw silage. The low moisture fresh rice straw sample was inculcated with LAB and stored for different storage periods such as 45, 90, and 365 days, respectively. The low moisture fresh rice straw (LMFRS) silage inoculated with LAB exhibited reduction in pH throughout the fermentation as compared with the control (P<0.05). The lactic acid content was increased at the late fermentation period (90 and 365 days, respectively) in LAB inoculated LMFRS silage as compared with the control (P<0.05). In contrast, the acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations were slightly reduced in the LAB inoculated LMFRS silage sample at 90 and 365 days fermentation, respectively. Meanwhile, the non-inoculated LMFRS silage showed higher amounts of acetic acid and butyric acid at an extended fermentation with low bacterial population as compared with the LAB inoculated LMFRS silage. However, lactic acid concentration was slightly high in the non-inoculated LMFRS silage at early 45 days fermentation. Additionally, the nutrient profile such as crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and total digestibility nutrients (TDN) were not significantly different in control and LAB inculcated samples during all fermentation. Though, the microbial population was greater in the LAB inoculated LMFRS silage as compared with the control. However, the massive population was noted in the LAB inoculated LMFRS silage during all fermentation. It indicates that the inoculated LAB is the main reason for increasing fermentation quality in the sample through pH reduction by organic acids production. Overall results suggest that the LAB inoculums are the effective strain that could be a suitable for LMFRS silage fermentation at prolonged days.

Fresh Rice Straw Silage Affected by Ensiling Additives and Durations and its Utilisation in Beef Cattle Diets

Fresh Rice Straw Silage Affected by Ensiling Additives and Durations and its Utilisation in Beef Cattle Diets

Development of a new lactic acid bacterial inoculant for fresh rice straw silage.

ObjectiveEffects of newly isolated Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation and chemical composition of fresh rice straw silage was evaluated in this study.MethodsLactic acid bacteria (LAB) from good crop silage were screened by growing them in MRS broth and a minimal medium with low carbohydrate content. Selected LAB (LAB 1821) were Gram-positive, rods, catalase negative, and were identified to be Lactobacillus plantarum based on their biochemical characteristics and a 16S rRNA analysis. Fresh rice straw was ensiled with two isolated LAB (1821 and 1841), two commercial inoculants (HM/F and P1132) and no additive as a control.ResultsAfter 2 months of storage at ambient temperature, rice straw silages treated with additives were well-preserved, the pH values and butyric and acetic acid contents were lower, and the lactic acid content and lactic/acetic acid ratio were higher than those in the control (p<0.05). Acidity (pH) was lowest, and lactic acid highest, in 1821-treated silage (p<0.05). The NH3-N content decreased significantly in inoculant-treated silage (p<0.05) and the NH3-N content in 1821-treated silage was lowest among the treatments. The dry matter (DM) content of the control silage was lower than that of fresh rice straw (p<0.05), while that of the 1841- and p1174-inoculant-treated silages was significantly higher than that of HM/F-treated silage. Microbial additives did not have any significant (p>0.05) effect on acid detergent fiber or neutral detergent fiber contents. Crude protein (CP) content and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) increased after inoculation of LAB 1821 (p<0.05).ConclusionLAB 1821 increased the CP, IVDMD, lactic acid content and ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid in rice straw silage and decreased the pH, acetic acid, NH3-N, and butyric acid contents. Therefore, adding LAB 1821 improved the fermentation quality and feed value of rice straw silage.

Effect of different levels of corn steep liquor addition on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of fresh rice straw silage.

The object of this study was to determine the proper mixing ratio of fresh rice straw to corn steep liquor (CSL) to obtain a high protein content silage feed. The following experimental silages were generated: the control (C1), composed of fresh rice straw without CSL additive, mixed with CSL in the ratios of 4:1 (C4), 3:1 (C3) and 2:1 (C2). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant was applied at the rate of 50 mL/kg (fresh basis) of forage to achieve a final application rate of 1 × 106 cfu/g of fresh matter (FM). Duplicate silos for each treatment were opened after 0, 3, 7, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 d for microbiological and chemical analysis. The results showed that the addition of CSL significantly increased crude protein (CP) contents, and decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of treatments after 60 d of ensiling (P < 0.05). The lactic acid contents in C4 and C3 were significantly higher than that in C1 (P < 0.05). In summary, mixing fresh rice straw with CSL at addition levels of 4:1 (C4) and 3:1 (C3) can improve the fermentation quality and nutrient composition of fresh rice straw silage. However, a large proportion of CSL (C3) had a negative impact on the aerobic stability of fresh rice straw.

Effect of Addition of Chlorella and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Nutritive Value and Fermentation Quality of Fresh Rice Straw Silage

Ki Choon Choi*, Soundarrajan Ilavenil, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Hyung-Su Park and Won-Ho KimNational Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, KoreaABSTRACTFresh rice straw silage(RSS) was prepared with lactic acid bacteria(LAB) and chlorella(CA) at the experimental field of National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan Province, Korea. This experiment consisted of the following eight treatments: control treatment without CA and LAB; treatment of 0.1% CA applied without LAB; treatment of 0.5% CA applied without LAB; treatment of 1.0% CA applied without LAB; treatment of only LAB inoculation without CA; treatment of 0.1% CA inoculated with LAB; treatment of 0.5% CA inoculated with LAB; and treatment of 1.0% CA inoculated with LAB. The content of crude protein of RSS significantly elevated with increased concentration of CA(p<0.05). The levels of acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), total digestible nutrient(TDN), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) showed no significant improvement in all treatments when compared to control. However, the quantity of lactic acid in RSS increased in CA and LAB alone inoculated treatments. Similarly, lactic acid significantly increased in LAB with CA treatments when compared to control. In addition, the number of LAB in LAB treatment increased as compared to control and significantly increased by an increase of CA concentration(p<0.05). Therefore, the nutritive values and quality of RSS can be improved by the addition of CA.(Key words :Chlorella, Lactic acid bacteria, Fresh rice straw, Lactic acid)

Effects of Fresh Rice Straw Silage on Feeding Performance During the Late Stage of Fattening in Japanese Black Steers

Effects of Fresh Rice Straw Silage on Feeding Performance During the Late Stage of Fattening in Japanese Black Steers

Effects of gibberellic acid application after anthesis on the feeding value of double-purpose rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw at harvest

This study was to investigate the effects of gibberellic acid (GA) application after anthesis on the feeding value of double-purpose (grains as human food and straw as animal roughage) rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw at harvest. Three japonica rice cultivars Huaidao 6, Nanjing 43 and Nanjing 46 in 2009 and Huaidao 6, Nanjing 43 and Yangfujing 8 in 2010 were cultivated in Nanjing under the same management of Jiangsu area. They were sprayed GA with 45ghm−2 on the 15th d after anthesis in 2009 and on the 1st, 7th and 15th d after anthesis in 2010. At harvest, the feeding value related traits of rice straw, single panicle weight (PW) and 1000-grain weight were determined in 2 years. The fermentation quality related traits of fresh rice straw silage were determined in 2010. Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and crude protein (CP) contents in rice straw were significantly increased by spraying GA, especially on the 15th d after anthesis, and the fermentation quality of rice straw silage was improved with the increase of NSC and CP contents. PW was also significantly increased by spraying GA after anthesis. The results indicated that spraying GA after anthesis could significantly improve the feeding value of straw and the panicle weight for double-purpose rice.

Experimental study on baling rice straw silage

Abstract: For resolving harvesting technology of fresh rice straw silage and plugging of the round steel-roll baler in China, experimental researches were carried out. For harvesting technology, baling silage and chopping silage were experimented. For the round baler, three kinds of feeding rolls equipped for enhancing feeding capability were experimented separately by reliability. Experimental results indicate: harvesting technology of baling fresh rice straw as silage is practicable; slicing-disc feeding rolls can be used to the baler to resolve plugging in straw-baling course. And through further experiments by reliability and density, optimal structure of the feeding roll is obtained: big and small slicing-discs arranged in interval and inclination, distance between slicing-discs being 30–40 mm. Keywords: silage harvesting, rice straw, round baler, feeding mechanism DOI: 10.3965/j.issn.1934-6344.2011.01.020-025 Citation: Wang Defu, Dennis R.Buckmaster, Jiang Yiyuan, Hua Jinling. Experimental study on baling rice straw silage. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2011; 4(1): 20 <span style=font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family:

답리작 재배 청보리 사일리지 급여가 거세 한우의 증체, 사료요구량 및 육질에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 답리작에서 보리를 재배하여 사일리지를 조제하고 거세 한우에게 청보리 사일리지를 급여하여 성장, 사료이용성, 도체특성 및 육질개선 효과를 구명하고자 전북 정읍 농가에서 4개월령 거세 한우 육성우 21두를 공시하여 27개령까지 사육하였다. 대조구(일반볏짚구), 청보리 사일리지구, 생볏짚 사일리지+청보리 사일리지구 등 3처리를 두었으며, 배합사료는 육성기는 체중의 1.5%, 비육전기는 1.8%, 비육후기는 자유 채식하도록 하였고, 조사료는 사육기간 자유채식을 원칙으로 하였다. 청보리 사일리지의 평균 생산량은 ha당 사일리지 17,135 kg, 건물 6,011 kg 이었으며, 사일리지의 품질등급은 청보리에서 2~3등급, 생볏짚은 4등급이었다. 청보리 사일리지 급여로 거세 한우증체와 배합사료 절감효과가 뚜렷하였는데, 육성기에는 일당증체 65% 증가, kg 증체당 배합사료 35% 절감, 비육전기는 일당증체 7% 증가, kg 증체당 배합사료 19% 절감, 그리고 전기간으로는 일당증체 8% 증가, kg 증체당 배합사료 18% 절감효과가 있었다. 또 청보리 사일리지구에서 육질 1등급 이상 출현율은 62.5%로 대조구(37.5%)에 비해 높았으며, 근내지방도도 4.38로 대조구(2.75)에 비해 높았고, 고기의 보수력, 가열감량, 다즙성, 연도, 향미 등도 우수하였다(p<0.05). 답리작 재배 청보리는 양질 사료작물로 거세 한우의 증체와 배합사료 절감, 육질개선에 효과적이었으며, 육성기와 비육전기 위주 급여가 바람직하였고, 답리작을 이용한 월동 사료작물 재배확대가 기대되었다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding whole crop barley silage (WBS) on the growth performance, gain, feed requirement, carcass grade and beef quality of Hanwoo steers in 1999 to 2001. Twenty one steers were allocated, and divided into three treatment groups which fed rice straw only (control), WBS only, and fresh rice straw silage plus WBS during overall period ad libitum. Concentrates were fed at 1.5% level of live-body weight during growing stages, 4~12 months of age, at 1.8% level of live-body weight during early fattening stages, 13~18 months of age, and ad libitum after late fattening stages, 19~27months of age. The production yields of WBS were 17,135 kg as a silage, and 6,011 kg as a dry matter per ha, and the quality of WBS was 2~3 grade, while that of rice straw silage was 4grade. The daily gain with feeding of WBS (0.70 kg) during experimental period was higher than that of control group (0.65 kg), and the concentrate requirement (7.31 kg) per kg gain in WBS was lower than that of control (8.95 kg). The effects of gain and feed efficiency were very distinct during growing stage. i.e., the daily gain of WBS (0.84 kg) was increased by 65% compared to control (0.51 kg), and the concentrate requirement (4.16 kg) per kg gain in feeding of WBS was decreased by 35%, compared to control (6.39 kg). Meat quality with WBS was higher than that of control. Frequency rate of 1 and/or <TEX>$1^+$</TEX> grade, and marbling score of feeding of WBS were 62.5% and 4.38, while those of control were 37.5% and 2.75, respectively. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that Hanwoo beef fed with WBS were better than that of control. In conclusion, feeding of WBS was desirable to improve daily gain, reduction of concentrates, feed efficiency and meat quality of Hanwoo steers.

The Effects of Moisture Content and Degree of Consolidation of Material in the Silo on the Chemical Quality and Aerobic Deterioration of Fresh Rice Straw Silage

The Effects of Moisture Content and Degree of Consolidation of Material in the Silo on the Chemical Quality and Aerobic Deterioration of Fresh Rice Straw Silage

Preparation and Use of Fresh Rice Straw Silage

Preparation and Use of Fresh Rice Straw Silage

Preparation and Use of Fresh Rice Straw Silage

Preparation and Use of Fresh Rice Straw Silage

The Effects of Addition of Molasses and Exhaustion of Air on the Chemical Quality of Fresh Rice Straw Silage

The Effects of Addition of Molasses and Exhaustion of Air on the Chemical Quality of Fresh Rice Straw Silage

Preparation and Use of Fresh Rice Straw Silage

Preparation and Use of Fresh Rice Straw Silage