Fresh Milk Products Research Articles

Reduction of the environmental impact of the determination of l-carnitine and acetyl-l-carnitine in milk products by microchip electrophoresis

A novel miniaturized analytical method for the simultaneous determination of l-carnitine and its ester, acetyl-l-carnitine in fresh milk and milk products by microchip electrophoresis (MCE) with conductivity detection was developed. Under optimized separation conditions, separation voltage of 4 kV and 50 mmol L−1 acetic acid and 0.1 % methylhydroxyethylcellulose at pH 3.0 as background electrolyte, carnitines were sufficiently separated in less than 10 min. An elimination of adsorption of the cationically migrated analytes on a poly(methyl methacrylate) microchip was achieved by addition of 1 mmol L−1 triethylenetetramine to all analyzed samples. The detector response was linear in the range 0.2–1.5 µg mL−1 for l-carnitine and 0.4–2.0 µg mL−1 for acetyl-l-carnitine. The LOQ values were 0.1 µg mL−1 and 0.4 µg mL−1 for l-carnitine and acetyl-l-carnitine, respectively. Recoveries of the analytes in the analyzed samples were in the range 87.5–97.8 %. The developed MCE method has been successfully applied to the analysis of carnitines in eight milk products after a sample pretreatment which included precipitation, centrifugation, and filtration. The developed MCE method has a low hazardous impact on human health and the environment.

Retailer Insights on Amul’s Fresh Milk Products Supply Chain Study in Anand City and Vidyanagar, India

Retailer Insights on Amul’s Fresh Milk Products Supply Chain Study in Anand City and Vidyanagar, India

Business feasibility analysis of dairy goat livestock group Gampong Meunasah Mon, Mesjid Raya District, Aceh Besar Regency

Dairy goat is a type of goat that is able to produce milk in an amount that exceeds the needs of its children. Dairy goats are a dual-purpose type of goat because in addition to producing milk, their meat can also be consumed. One of the dairy goat groups in Aceh Besar District is the Meunasah Mon Group, which is located in Gampong Meunasah Mon, Mesjid Raya District. Until now there is no definite data regarding goat milk production, especially in Aceh Besar District. This is because there are not many quality goat farms and goat milk is still not much in demand in the region. Competition for goat milk producers in the region is also low. Livestock business economic analysis is carried out to analyze the balance between income and business. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the dairy goat farming business in Meunasah Mon Village, Mesjid Raya District, Aceh Besar District can be declared eligible. This is evidenced by the results of the analysis where the B/C and R/C ratios were 1.55 and 1.80 respectively and the total income/revenue was Rp. 2,786,000 per month with sales of 53.12 liters (1 ltr/bottle) of fresh milk products.

Lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet is inversely associated with the osteosarcopenia in older adults

ObjectiveOsteosarcopenia adversely affects the quality of life and physical health of older adults. We sought to explore the association between dietary patterns and osteosarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study from Northeast China, in which, we included older community adults aged 60 and above. Through face-to-face interviews, we collected dietary information from participants using a food frequency questionnaire. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to obtain the dietary patterns of the participants. Through physical examination, we obtained the participants’ information on osteosarcopenia, which was defined by the coexist of osteopenia and sarcopenia. We analysed the association between dietary patterns and dietary compositions with ostesarcopenia.ResultsIn this study, a total of 9429 participants were included, and the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults was 6.2%. PCA identified three main dietary patterns, and the lacto-ovo-vegetarian dietary pattern was inversely associated with osteosarcopenia. Compared to the lowest lacto-ovo-vegetarian quartile (Q1), the Q4 group (OR = 0.64, 95% CI:0.49–0.83) was inversely associated with osteosarcopenia. Through the weighted quantile sum regression model, we also found that the overall effect of the lacto-ovo-vegetarian dietary components was inversely associated with osteosarcopenia (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37–0.92); the largest contributors were vegetables, fresh milk, eggs, and dairy products.ConclusionOverall, we found that a lacto-ovo-vegetarian dietary pattern, particularly the consumption of vegetables, fresh milk, eggs, and dairy products, was inversely associated with osteosarcopenia in older adults. And this might provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of osteosarcopenia.

Simple closed-system combining direct PCR and fluorescence for all types of milk and dairy product authentication

Cow's milk is a popular food choice due to its nutritional value. However, some people have cow milk protein allergy. Alternative milk and dairy products are available, but they may be adulterated or fraudulently substituted with cow's milk to lower the production cost. Current conventional methods for cow DNA detection suffer from laboratory-based instruments and settings, which can be expensive, limit on-site usage, lack sensitivity, or cannot be used with highly degraded samples. Here, a simple closed-system based on direct PCR, which eliminates the need to extract DNA from samples, and SYBR Green I detection of PCR amplicons using the naked eye was developed and validated. Fluorescence detection was enhanced with the use of a self-designed portable LED lightbox, which mitigated color interference, enabling detection in products with diverse colorations without any sample preparation. Validation studies revealed 100% specificity when tested with 13 other species, over 99% accuracy with 208 cow’s milk and dairy products in both liquid and solid forms, 1×10−5 ng limit of detection, and 100% accuracy with blind testing. Market testing of 156 samples showed a fraud ratio of 0.0% in cow’s milk and dairy products, while non-cow’s milk and dairy products showed a fraud ratio of 10.7%, emphasizing the assay's capacity to identify fraudulent substitutions. Overall, this is the first time a cow-specific simple closed-system direct PCR with fluorescence has been used to authenticate fresh milk and dairy products, with one of the quickest turn-around time from sampling to detection of 50 min. It could be useful in a semi-laboratory setting or in the field with a portable PCR machine.

Improving dairy farmers’ welfare in Indonesia: Does cooperative membership matter?

AbstractDairy farmers in developing countries face numerous challenges, including price instability, limited credit access, outdated technology adoption, market barriers, and poverty. Cooperatives offer promising solutions to farmers’ problems and help them enhance their agricultural sustainability. Although the impact of cooperative membership has been widely investigated, little evidence is found in dairy farming households. This study estimates the impact of cooperative membership on dairy farmers’ household incomes, net returns, and profits from dairy products (processed and fresh milk). The cross‐sectional data were collected from 300 dairy farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment (IPWRA) and two‐stage predictor substitution (2SPS) were used in the analysis to address the selection bias in the estimation. The findings are corroborated by a robustness check using propensity score matching. The results show that dairy farmers’ decisions to join a cooperative are positively and significantly influenced by farming experience, transportation ownership, number of cattle owned, and involvement in social activities and are negatively influenced by age. Cooperative membership significantly improves farmers’ welfare by increasing their household incomes, net returns, and profits from fresh milk products. However, the membership reduces profits from processed milk products. These findings suggest that the government should encourage farmers to participate actively in cooperatives.

Rational Dietary Adjustment Improves Nutritional Health Status in Patients with Hypertension Complicated by Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Study

This observational study aimed to analyze the effects of rational dietary adjustment on the nutritional health status of patients with hypertension complicated by type 2 diabetes. This study retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 77 patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes treated at our hospital. Patients underwent a 6-week rational dietary adjustment intervention, comprising dietary guidance adjustment in weeks 1-2, concentrated implementation in weeks 3-4, and self-execution in weeks 5-6. Food frequency surveys and 24-h dietary recalls assessed pre- and post-intervention dietary structure and nutrient intake. Changes in body composition, blood glucose indicators, and blood pressure control were observed. Pos-intervention, patients showed decreased intake of soy nuts, pickled products, fried foods, and salt, while intake of fresh fruits, fresh milk, and dairy products increased (P < 0.05). Fat and sodium intake decreased, while intake of dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium, and calcium increased (P < 0.05). SBP, DBP, PBG, TC, and LDL-C levels decreased (P < 0.05), with improved PBG and blood pressure control rates (P < 0.05). Rational dietary adjustment intervention in patients with hypertension complicated by type 2 diabetes has ideal effects, helping patients change their irrational dietary structure and improve their nutritional status.

EVALUASI MANAJEMEN BUDIDAYA DAN KESEHATAN SAPI PERAH DI BEBERAPA KABUPATEN DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

The demand for cow milk in Indonesia increases every year, but optimal production is not met. This study aimed to assess dairy cattle production management and health in East Java Province to construct improvement strategies and increase milk production. The research method was conducted through interviews with 63 dairy farmers from Sidoarjo, Mojoketo, Malang, Pasuruan, Probolinggo, Jember, and Banyuwangi regencies. This study indicates that 81% of farmers joined to livestock groups and sold fresh milk products to cooperatives or KUD (Koperasi Unit Desa). The average livestock ownership is 6.7 heads, with an average number of lactating cows of 4.5. The average price of milk sold to cooperatives or KUD was 5810 IDR/L and if it sold independently the price was 9769 IDR/L. Breeders provide forage feed as much as 34.67 kg/head/day and concentrate as much as 4.8 kg/head/day. The forage and concentrate feeding frequencies were 2.7 and 1 times a day. As many as 44% of farmers did not experience any problems or obstacles in the cultivation process carried out. A total of 66% faced obstacles that were dominated by feed factors (19.05%) and disease (17.46%). Diseases that infect (besides mastitis) are bloat (29%), hypocalsemia (18%), and diarrhea (7%). As an effort to prevent and increase production, farmers carry out preventive actions through the application of good farming practices (40%), maintaining the cleanliness of housing and livestock (24%), not making any effort (18%), applying feed management (10%), giving supplements and feed additives (8%). In conclusion, dairy farming management in East Java Province needs to be improved, and good husbandry practices need to be carried out by all farmers to increase cow’s milk production.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pembentukan Factory Sharing Produk Olahan Susu Desa Tenjolaya

Community empowerment is one approach in development studies with the aim of involving the community in development activities and maximizing the resources owned to achieve the welfare of the local community. One of the potential things that can be developed by a village is the agricultural and livestock sector. Tenjolaya Village is one of the villages in Bandung Regency that excels in the agricultural and livestock sector, one of the leading products of Tenjolaya Village is fresh cow's milk. There are problems that occur in Tenjolaya Village in the management of dairy products, including the lack of knowledge, capacity and facilities of residents in producing and marketing cow's milk products. One of the efforts to optimize livestock results in the form of cow's milk is to take an empowerment approach for the community. The team of lecturers and students of STIA LAN Polytechnic Bandung through the Business Incubator (Bicube) of STIA LAN Polytechnic Bandung conducted business assistance in an effort to empower the people of Tenjolaya Village through the establishment of factory sharing. The result of Tenjolaya Village community empowerment activities is the establishment of factory sharing and the development of fresh cow's milk products which were originally only cow's milk, now developed into several products, namely milk candy, nougat and milk sticks.

The Relationship Between Perceptions of Livestock Participation Rates in the Dairy Cattle Business Insurance Program

The majority of dairy cattle businesses in Indonesia are smallholder farmers. The government has tried various ways to increase domestic fresh milk production, one of which is increasing the number of intensive dairy cattle in the form of various facilities such as assistance programs, Asuransi Usaha Ternak Sapi (AUTS). Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) Sarwa Mukti is one of the cooperatives engaged in the dairy cattle business in the Bandung Barat Regency area that received AUTS assistance. Research is needed to see the relationship between perception (cognition and affection) with the level of farmer participation in the AUTS program at KUD Sarwa Mukti. The results of this study can be a source of information and input for all livestock groups, KUD Sarwa Mukti and AUTS organizers for the progress of the program. This research is a survey with purposive sampling and simple random sampling and the outputs are Spearman rank correlation analysis and the interpretation of the degree of relationship with Guilford's rule. A total of 67 farmers with 1-20 dairy cows were the respondents of this study. The results obtained, the perception of dairy farmers who are members of the KUD Sarwa Mukti towards the AUTS program is in the high category (49.3%). Participation in the decision-making, implementation, and utilization stages of the results of dairy farmers who are members of the KUD Sarwa Mukti towards the AUTS program is at a moderate level (82.09%). There is a weak positive relationship between the perception and participation of dairy farmers who are members of the KUD Sarwa Mukti on the AUTS program, with a Spearman Rank correlation coefficient with Guilford's rule of 0.253.

Analysis of Malaysian consumers’ awareness on probiotics in fresh milk and its nutritional health

In a developing country like Malaysia, consumers tend to be concerned about healthy products as it enhances the functional and health benefits of consumers. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) plays an important role in giving nutritional health to fresh milk products as it contains probiotic strains. Examples of probiotic bacteria include Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Currently, fresh milk product demand is increasing in the market, the consumers need to be aware of the existence of probiotics in fresh milk products as well as their beneficial impacts. Thus, an analysis is required to understand consumers’ knowledge about probiotics and their perception towards fresh milk products. The data was investigated among randomly selected 170 consumers in Malaysia. A structured online questionnaire was distributed through social media and conducted via google form as a part of data collection. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were used to identify the significant differences with a p-value of < 0.05 between sociodemographic profiles with awareness, knowledge and perceptions towards probiotics and fresh milk. The findings showed that more than 80% of consumers in Malaysia have higher awareness, knowledge and positive perceptions toward probiotics in fresh milk.

Food literacy and its relationship with food intake: a comparison between adults and older adults using 2021 Seoul Food Survey data.

This study was conducted to examine the differences in food literacy between adults and older adults and the association of food literacy with food group intake. In total, 4,039 participants from the 2021 Survey for Food Consumption in Seoul were included in this study. The intake of whole grains, high-protein foods, total vegetables, vegetables excluding kimchi and pickles, fresh fruits, and milk and dairy products was assessed using a simple food frequency questionnaire. Food literacy was measured using a food literacy measurement questionnaire. With the exception of milk and dairy, adults had a significantly higher proportion of insufficient food intake than older adults (p<0.001). Both adults and older adults with sufficient food group consumption had higher food literacy scores. Notably, the difference in food literacy scores by level of food intake was highest for fresh fruits (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors affecting food literacy scores, a higher score was associated with a lower probability of having insufficient food intake in all food groups for both adults and older adults. Specifically, those in the highest food literacy score quartile were less likely to have insufficient intake of vegetables (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.43) and fresh fruits (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.43), compared to the lowest quartile. Improving food literacy is an important factor for promoting healthy food intake in older adults as well as adults. Therefore, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to work toward this goal.

Fruit and vegetable purees as cryoprotectants for vacuum freeze-dried fermented milk products

Fresh fermented milk products have a limited shelf life that can be extended by vacuum freeze-drying. Cryoprotectants are used to increase the survival of lactic acid microorganisms during freeze-drying. The most effective cryoprotectants are those of natural origin. Literature offers little information on the cryoprotective effects of fruit and vegetable purees. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fruit and vegetable purees in increasing the survival of lactic acid microorganisms during the freeze-drying and storage of fermented milk products. &#x0D; We studied bioyogurt samples containing pumpkin, fig, and banana purees. Rational modes of freezing and freeze-drying were established on the basis of thermal analysis. The cryoscopic temperature was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The proportion of frozen moisture was calculated using the Nagaoka formula. Standard methods were employed to evaluate the sensory characteristics of bioyogurts and determine their protein, fat, and non-fat milk solids contents, as well as titratable acidity and microbiological indicators. &#x0D; The addition of pumpkin puree increased the cryoscopic temperature and reduced the freeze-drying stage and the total drying time by 13 h, depending on the amount of puree. However, the addition of sweet fig and banana purees decreased the cryoscopic temperature and increased the freeze-drying stage and the total drying time by 0.5–1.5 and 1.5–3 h, respectively. Based on the sensory evaluation of the freeze-dried bioyogurts, we selected the formulations with 15% of pumpkin and fig purees and 10% of banana puree. We found that the freeze-dried bioyogurts with puree had higher counts of lactic acid bacteria compared to the control. In the freeze-dried samples, the counts were higher at a storage temperature of 4 ± 2°C than at 20 ± 2°C. &#x0D; Pumpkin puree provided the best survival of lactic acid microorganisms during freeze-drying and storage.

Recent progress in pectin extraction and their applications in developing films and coatings for sustainable food packaging: A review

Perishable foods like fruits and vegetables, meat, fish, and dairy products have short shelf-life that causes significant postharvest losses, which poses a major challenge for food supply chains. Biopolymers have been extensively studied as sustainable alternatives to synthetic plastics, and pectin is one such biopolymer that has been used for packaging and preservation of foods. Pectin is obtained from abundantly available low-cost sources such as agricultural or food processing wastes and by products. This review is a complete account of pectin extraction from agro-wastes, development of pectin-based composite films and coatings, their characterizations, and their applications in food packaging and preservation. Compared to conventional chemical extraction, supercritical water, ultrasound, and microwave assisted extractions are a few examples of modern and more efficient pectin extraction processes that generate almost no hazardous effluents, and thus, such extraction techniques are more environment friendly. Pectin-based films and coatings can be functionalized with natural active agents such as essential oils and other phytochemicals to improve their moisture barrier, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Application of pectin-based active films and coatings effectively improved shelf-life of fresh cut-fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, poultry, milk, and other food perishable products.

Diversifikasi Olahan Susu Sapi Segar Menjadi Produk Kefir untuk Minuman Probiotik dan Masker Wajah di Kelurahan Plalangan Gunungpati Semarang

Plalangan Village is one of the villages that produce fresh cow's milk in the administrative area of Gunungpati District, Semarang City, Central Java Province. The average daily activity of residents of Terwidi Village RT02 RW04, Plalangan Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City in particular is raising cattle. The number of cattle breeders is 40 people who are members of the Ngudi Rahayu Terwidi Dairy Cattle Group (KTSP). The current number of cows is 75 heads, much lower than 5 years ago. The decline in the number of cows is due to the fact that they think that a dairy business that only relies on dairy products does not provide a steady income. Even though there is a lot of potential that can be developed from the dairy cattle business, including the diversification of dairy products. Kefir is a heterofermentative fermented product that has a taste, color and texture that resembles yogurt and has a distinctive aroma like tape. Kefir products circulating in the community today are not only consumed as probiotic drinks but can also be used as cosmetic products, such as masks. The main program will be carried out by the Community Service (PKM) team by empowering dairy cattle businesses through diversification of fresh cow's milk products to become high-value products, namely kefir which can be used as probiotic drinks and face masks.

Customers satisfaction of Ytawes fresh milk production

Customers satisfaction of Ytawes fresh milk production

Penentuan Produk Unggulan dari Olahan Susu Segar di Kecamatan Ciwidey, Jawa Barat

Ciwidey is one of the fresh milk production areas with many tourist attractions has the potential to be developed, especially in the sale of processed milk products. The four processed whole milk products produced in Ciwidey are fresh milk, candy, yogurt, and greek. The purpose of this study is to determine the added value and the level of profit generated from the fresh milk processing business and to determine the superior processed products that are a priority to be developed in Ciwidey. The method used in this research is value added analysis using the Hayami method. The components of the calculation of the Hayami method are output, input, price, and income which give the results of conversion factors, labor coefficients, product values, value added ratios, labor benefits, other input contributions, and profit levels and margins. The results of the analysis show that there is added value from the production process of fresh milk, caramel milk candy, yogurt, and Greek, respectively, amounting to IDR 1.396/kg; IDR 21,141/kg; IDR 18,398/kg; and IDR. 69,947/kg. The biggest profit rate for fresh milk products is 98%. Yogurt and Greek products have the same profit rate of 89-90%. The lowest profit rate for candy products is 75%. The selected pure milk product is greek because the highest value of the added value, added value ratio, direct labor income, and the profit compared to the other 3 pure milk products.

The role of the digitized milk collection point in increasing milk quality and income of smallholder dairy farmers in Pangalengan-Bandung

The low quality of fresh milk has become one of the main constraints smallholder dairy farmers face in almost all developing countries, including Indonesia. The low quality of fresh milk has resulted in lower prices received by farmers. It can even result in the rejection of milk by milk processors, which is detrimental to smallholder farmers. This paper aims to analyze the impact of automated and digitized milk collection points (AD-MCPs) on the quality of fresh milk, the price of milk, and smallholder dairy farmers' income in Pangalengan, Bandung, West Java. The data and information of 300 households are part of the baseline survey of 600 smallholder dairy farmers in four districts of West Java between July and September 2017. The results show that AD-MCP facilities have successfully encouraged smallholder dairy farmers to adopt and implement improved management practices to increase dairy cows' productivity and fresh milk quality, resulting in increased prices and farm income.   Therefore, the government needs to endorse, facilitate, and accelerate the development of AD-MCPs to increase domestic fresh milk production, quality of fresh milk, and dairy farmers' income. AD-MCP development is implemented through a partnership between dairy farmers, cooperatives, and milk processors.

Goat Milk: Compositional, Technological, Nutritional and Therapeutic Aspects: A Review

Since the 1980s, a growing interest in goat milk was noticed due to the nutritional values and health benefits of this milk, which resulted in increasing goat populations and milk production worldwide. This comprehensive review elaborates on goat milk composition compared to other types of milk. It is also an overview of goat milk production, properties, nourishment value, applications in dairy products and potential health benefits. Goat milk composition and its characteristics are slightly different from other types of milk and can be utilized to manufacture many dairy products. Fresh goat milk and goat milk products (e.g., yogurt and kefir) were found to provide various potential health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, preventing cardiovascular disease, anti-diabetic and antihypertensive, strengthening bones, boosting immunity and improving metabolism.

Demand for plant-based milk and effects of a carbon tax on fresh milk consumption in Sweden

A hypothetical carbon tax on the carbon footprint of fresh milk products from animals (cow’s milk) and plant-based substitutes (rice milk, oat milk, soy milk, almond milk) was applied to estimated price and income elasticities for Swedish household expenditure on these products. Overall aims were to (i) to estimate fresh milk consumption patterns in Swedish households and (ii) simulate the direct distributed effects of a carbon tax on fresh milk. The results indicated that fresh milk consumption in Swedish households is affected mainly by price and income, rather than by sociodemographic characteristics of the household. The estimates revealed a substitutional relationship between plant-based milk on one hand and low-fat and standard milk on the other, while there was a complementary relationship between plant-based and reduced-fat milk. The effects of a carbon tax were simulated based on damage cost and price. The results indicated that introduction of a carbon tax would decrease the carbon footprint of dairy fresh milk, but would increase the carbon footprint of plant-based milk because of the institutional and complementary relationship between the different categories of fresh milk. Thus levying a carbon tax on fresh dairy milk, rather than on plant-based milk, would be more likely to promote climate-friendly fresh milk consumption.