Fresh Ginger Research Articles

Effects of Pretreatment and Drying on the Volatile Compounds of Sliced Solar-Dried Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Rhizome

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) rhizomes are mostly used as spice and medicine due to their high aroma intensity and medicinal bioactive compounds. However, the volatile compounds of ginger, partly responsible for its aroma and medicinal properties, can be affected by the pretreatment, drying method, and extraction processes employed. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of pretreatment and drying on the volatile compounds of yellow ginger variety at nine months of maturation. The effect of potassium metabisulfite (KMBS) and blanching pretreatment and drying on the volatile compounds of ginger using head space solid-phase microextraction with GCMS/MS identification (HS-SPME/GCMS/MS) was investigated. KMBS of concentrations 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 1.0% and blanching at 50°C and 100°C were used for pretreatment and dried in a tent-like concrete solar (CSD) dryer and open-sun drying (OSD). The different concentrations of KMBS-treated fresh ginger rhizomes did not result in any particular pattern for volatile compound composition identification. However, the top five compounds were mostly sesquiterpenes. The 0.15% KMBS-treated CSD emerged as the best pretreatment for retaining α-zingiberene, β-cubebene, α-farnesene, and geranial. The presence of β-cedrene, β-carene, and dihydro-α-curcumene makes this study unique. The 0.15% KMBS pretreatment and CSD drying can be adopted as an affordable alternative to preserve ginger.

Determination of SOD in black ginger extract and its effect on the liver of rats with type 2 diabetes

The peeling process of fresh ginger during factory production causes not only waste but also pollution to the environment. Now, by fermenting whole pieces of fresh ginger into black ginger, people are able to further enhance the nutritional value of ginger while lowering the burden on the environment. In this experiment, fresh ginger was fermented into black ginger, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) crudely extracted from both fresh ginger and black ginger were gavaged separately in type 2 diabetic rats to compare the SOD activity and effect in rat liver during the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It was found that the SOD activity of extracts from fermented black ginger was much higher than that of extracts from fresh ginger. In addition, the activity of SOD in the liver of rats gavaged with black ginger extract is higher than that in the liver of rats gavaged with fresh ginger extract, which shows that black ginger extract has certain protective effects on the liver.

Zingiber officinale: A Systematic Review of Botany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Gut Microbiota-Related Gastrointestinal Benefits.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a traditional edible medicinal herb with a wide range of uses and long cultivation history. Fresh ginger (Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma; Sheng Jiang in Chinese, SJ) and dried ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma; Gan Jiang in Chinese, GJ) are designated as two famous traditional Chinese herbal medicines, which are different in plant cultivation, appearances and functions, together with traditional applications. Previous researches mainly focused on the differences in chemical composition between them, but there was no systematical comparison on the similarity concerning research achievements of the two herbs. Meanwhile, ginger has traditionally been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, but so far, the possible interaction with human gut microbiota has hardly been considered. This review comprehensively presents similarities and differences between SJ and GJ retrospectively, particularly proposing them the significant differences in botany, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology, which can be used as evidence for clinical application of SJ and GJ. Furthermore, the pharmacology of gut microbiota-related gastrointestinal benefits has also been discussed in order to explore better ways to prevent and treat gastrointestinal disorders, which can be used as a reference for further research.

Transcriptome and metabolite profiling to identify genes associated with rhizome lignification and the function of ZoCSE in ginger (Zingiber officinale).

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important spice crop in China, and fresh ginger rhizomes are consumed as vegetable in Sichuan and Chongqing. However, tissue lignification accelerates with rhizome maturation, resulting in the loss of edible quality. To understand the molecular mechanisms of texture modification during rhizome development, we investigated lignin accumulation patterns and identified the key genes associated with lignin biosynthesis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results showed that the contents of total lignin and its precursors exhibited notable declines with tissue maturation. However, the lignin composition was remarkably modified and syringyl lignin was deposited in mature rhizomes, leading to ginger lignification. Transcriptome analysis displayed 32 lignin biosynthetic genes were dramatically downregulated with rhizome development, including caffeoylshikimate esterase (CSE ), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase , laccase , cinnamoyl-CoA reductase , cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase , peroxidase and caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase , indicating that lignin reduction might be attributed to deficiency in intermediates or the downregulation of key biosynthetic enzymes. Furthermore, overexpressing ZoCSE in Nicotiana benthamiana L. enhanced the total lignin content, suggesting its fundamental role in lignin biosynthesis. RNA-Seq also identified candidate lignin production regulators, including hormone-related genes and NAC/MYB transcription factors (ZoNAC1 , ZoNAC4 , ZoMYB14 and ZoMYB17 ). This result provides a molecular basis for lignin accumulation in ginger.

Альтернативные методы терапии рвоты беременных

Study Objective: Evaluation of the effectiveness of ginger extract in the treatment of nausea and vomiting light and moderate range of pregnant women. Study Design: Observational study. Materials and Methods. The research included 56 pregnant women with symptoms of nausea and vomiting: at the first visit they had complaints of nausea and/or vomiting being 6–16 weeks pregnant. The severity of nausea and vomiting was assessed on the Pregnancy- Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea scale before the start of therapy, on days 4 and 7 of treatment. The pregnant women were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 28 women who took the dietary supplement Preginor, a comparison group — 28 patients who were given only recommendations for lifestyle and diet modification. Among 56 pregnant women who were studied, there 36 were with light symptoms of nausea and vomiting (18 women from the main group and 18 in the comparison group); 20 pregnant women had a moderate degree of nausea and vomiting (10 patients from the main group, 10 from the comparison group). Preginor contains a highly selective ginger root extract (67 mg) standardized to 5% gingerols, which corresponds to about 1 g of fresh ginger; vitamin B6 1.4 mg, magnesium lactate 112.5 mg. Study Results. Relief of symptoms of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women who took ginger was on average 48 hours faster compared to patients who received only recommendations for lifestyle and diet modification: after 3,3 (0,5) and 5,1 (1,2) days, respectively (t = –5,60, p = 0.000). With a moderate course of nausea and vomiting, taking ginger also helped to alleviate the condition in the majority of patients (80%). Conclusion. Preginor is an effective non-pharmacological remedy for the relief of symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnant women. It is advisable to recommend the dietary supplement Preginor for widespread introduction into clinical practice, raising the awareness of medical personnel and patients about its effectiveness and safety. Keywords: vomiting, nausea, hyperemesis gravidarum, ginger extract.

Dizajn i razvoj mašine sa motorom sa više operacija za ceđenje sokova od korena đumbira (Zingiber officinale roscoe)

Manual ginger juice expression processes are tedious, unhygienic, and inefficient, affecting the quality and quantity of ginger juice extracted. Extraction by chemical means is complex, expensive, and requires high skill to operate. The developed motorized ginger juice expression machine performs two distinct unit operations: size reduction and separation processes. Major components of the machine include the feeding unit, pulverizing unit, juice expression unit, juice drainage point, waste outlet, frame, and power transmission system. The machine is powered by 2 H.P., 1400 rpm and 1 H.P., 1430 rpm prime movers, and the V-belts and pulley assembly speed are 646 rpm and 240 rpm, respectively. The developed expression machine offers an affordable and simple method of processing fresh ginger minimizing loss in ginger rhizome quantity and quality, and ultimately reducing postharvest losses.

YY SOCIALIZATION AND APPLICATION OF RHIZOBACTERIA IN GINGER CULTIVATION IN THE JORONG BELUBUS INNOVATION FARMING GROUP, NAGARI SUNGAI TALANG, GUGUAK DISTRICT, LIMAPULUH KOTA REGENCY

Nagari Sungai Talang is one of the villages in Payakumbuh District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency which seeks to cultivate ginger plants. The type of ginger commonly developed by this Innovation farmer group is elephant ginger. This ginger has a rhizome that is larger and fatter, the rhizome segment is more bulging than other varieties of ginger. This type of ginger can be consumed both when you are young and old, both as fresh ginger and processed ginger. One of the obstacles that hinder our farmers from developing organic ginger here is the low production because the supply of nutrients is also low and the attack of pests and diseases is quite high. Therefore, it is necessary to find a treatment that can overcome this problem to increase the production of organic ginger. One of the microorganisms that is widely reported to act as biological agents is from the Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) group or plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Rhizobacteria have the ability to aggressively colonize the rhizosphere and some types of rhizobacteria are capable of dual roles as biofertilizers and bioprotectants in plants. The purpose of this farmer group empowerment activity is to provide knowledge about the benefits of Rhizobacterial biological agents in triggering the growth and yield of ginger plants in the field as well as plant-disturbing organisms that often attack ginger plants during cultivation, as well as effective control methods through outreach activities and direct counseling in the field. The method used is the method of socialization, counseling and direct discussion with farmer groups. The results obtained from this empowerment activity are that the farmer groups understand the benefits of Rhizobacteria biological agents as a trigger for growth and production of ginger plants, know various plant pest organisms (OPT) and know how to properly control them.

Profitability, marketing, and resource use efficiency of ginger production in Rukum west, Nepal

The study was designed to investigate the profitability, marketing, and resource use efficiency of ginger production in Rukum west. The sample size of 62 ginger-growing farmers out of 187 farmers was determined using slovin’s formula. In addition, 20 traders from two major market hubs Simrutu and Jhulneta were interviewed. The pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule was administered to interview a randomly selected sample size. Data were analyzed using descriptive and statistical tools, including the Cobb-Douglas production function. Result showed that the average area under ginger cultivation was 0.14 ha. A major portion (46.56%) of the cost was found to be incurred by the seed alone in ginger cultivation. The benefit-cost ratio (2.02) indicates that ginger production enterprise was profitable. The productivity of ginger in the study area was estimated to be 11.39 Mt/ha, while per kg cost of production was found to be (NRs 35.67 = USD 0.30). Most of the gross income (78.85%) was found to be contributed by fresh ginger. Similarly, gross margin, market margin, and producer’s share were found to be 21.16, 33.33, and 62.97%, respectively, for 1 kg of ginger. The indexing technique identified high-cost with low-quality seed and price instability as the major problems associated with the production and marketing of ginger, respectively. Cobb-Douglas production function estimated the value of return to scale at 0.889, implying that ginger production exhibited decreasing returns to scale. A study on resource allocative efficiency revealed that farm yard manure and total labor were underutilized resources while seed rhizome was overutilized resource. Thus, for optimal allocation of resources, expenditure on farm yard manure and total labor need to be increased by 87.374% and 39.908%, respectively. The study concluded that an effort should be made to bridge the gap between optimal resource utilization and current practices. For this, it is prime important to interconnect the combined efforts of ginger growers, provincial government, or any developing partners.

Quality of spent hen sausages incorporated with fresh ginger extract

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of ginger extract on the sensory, physicochemical and biochemical properties of spent hen sausages. For this purpose, sausages were prepared into four different groups. They were as follows: broiler breast meat sausage without ginger extract, spent hen breast meat sausage without ginger extract, spent hen breast meat sausage with 2% ginger extract and spent hen breast meat sausage with 4% ginger extract. All parameters were analyzed at 0, 15th and 30th days of storage time. The proximate compositions of different sausage batters are analyzed and highly significant differences were found in pH, dry matter (DM)%, crude protein (CP)% and ether extract (EE)%, while no significant differences were found in cooking loss (%) and Ash (%) of sausage batter. While analyzing the different types of sausages, DM, CP and EE content of all treatments differ significantly (p<0.01). In contrast, DM and CP content increased significantly (p<0.01) with the advancement of different days of intervals. The FFA, POV and TBARS values were increased significantly (p<0.01) with prolonging the storage time. Significant differences were found among the sausages for its surface color. Flavor and overall acceptability were found significantly higher in broiler breast meat sausage and spent hen breast meat sausage with 2% ginger extract. Juiciness and tenderness were higher in broiler breast meat sausage without ginger extract. Worst results in all sensory parameters were found in spent hen breast meat sausage without ginger extract and spent hen breast meat sausages incorporated with 4% ginger extract. It might be concluded that addition of ginger extract at 2% level increased the overall acceptability of spent hen breast meat sausages to that of broiler breast meat sausages.

Extraction and characterization of 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol from Zingiber officinale var.Bentong

Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Bentong or locally known as Bentong ginger is exclusively planted and harvested in the district of Bentong, Pahang, Malaysia. The demand for this ginger species has dramatically increased due to its high food and medicinal values, owing to the presence of 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol as active compounds. This study aimed to measure the concentrations of those active compounds with respect to their one-year plantation duration (January - December 2018). The proximate analysis, heavy metals and antioxidant activity were simultaneously determined during the plant growth. 6-gingerol was present in both fresh and dried samples whilst 6-shogaol could only be found in dried samples. Fresh ginger recorded the highest 6-gingerol content (2.09 mg/g) in the seventh month of harvesting time. On the other hand, in the sixth month of harvesting time, dried ginger had the highest concentration of 6-gingerol (0.66 mg/g) and 6-shogaol (1.85 mg/g). Notably, the accumulation of heavy metals such as As, Pb, Cd and Hg in Bentong ginger was relatively low and within the permissible limit. Meanwhile, the total polyphenol and phenolic content of Bentong ginger extract solution were observed to decrease as the ginger was maturing. In conclusion, Z. officinale Roscoe var. Bentong yielded different amounts of active compounds with respect to its harvesting time. Nevertheless, it generally exhibits good values in terms of chemical compositions that can be potentially used as nutraceutical food.

Antioxidant activities, anti‐inflammatory, cytotoxic effects, quality attributes, and bioactive compounds of Ghanaian ginger under varied dehydration conditions

This study sought to determine how different dehydration methods affect the quality of Ghanaian ginger. Slices of ginger rhizomes were subjected to freeze drying (FD), relative humidity convective drying (RHCD), infrared drying (IR), microwave drying (MC), and pulsed vacuum drying (PVD). The quality characteristics of the dried slices were assessed and compared based on their levels of selected gingerols or gingerol derivatives and their chromatic properties, antioxidant activities, and flavonoid content. Analysis of the chromatic properties of the dried samples revealed that the chroma value and hue angle values were highest for the samples subjected to FD (32.99, 88.13°) compared with those subjected to RHCD (28.90, 85.69°), IR (26.66, 83.79°), MC (24.36, 79.78°), and PVD (21.73, 78.96°). FD best preserved and retained the total flavonoid content (69.01 mg GAE/g db) and antioxidant activities evidenced by results of DPPH (124.53 mgTE/g db) and CUPRAC (90.71 mgTE/g db) determinations than the samples subjected to RHCD, IR, MC, and PVD. Finally, the cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts of the various dried ginger samples were evaluated using RAW 264.7 cells. Holistically, the samples from FD and RHCD gave the best outcomes for all the parameters compared. These two techniques are therefore recommended for large-scale application because they enhance the quality of ginger by maintaining its chemical integrity. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the different dehydration techniques as well as serve as a guide on the selection of the right drying technique for fresh ginger. Novelty impact statement Ginger is one of the most extensively used spices in the world, but because of its high moisture content, it is usually dried to extend its shelf-life. For commercial purposes, an effective, safe, and efficient dryer is necessary to produce high-quality dried ginger. This dryer must be able to maintain the product quality while reducing processing time and energy usage. The findings of this study provide a deeper understanding of the different dehydration techniques as well as serve as a guide on the selection of the right drying technique for fresh ginger.

Drying techniques affect the quality and essential oil composition of Ghanaian ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

This work aimed to determine the effects of five drying methods on the quality and essential oil composition of Ghanaian ginger. To this end, slices of fresh ginger rhizomes were dried using the following dryers; relative humidity convective (RHC) dryer, freeze (F) dryer, infrared (IR) dryer, microwave (MC) dryer and pulsed vacuum (PV) dryer. The antioxidant activities, total phenolic content (TPC), sensory characteristics and moisture content of the dried slices were assessed. The effects of the various drying techniques on the chemical composition of the essential oil components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). With respect to the sensory attributes of the various dried ginger samples, the RHC-dried samples attained the highest scores for aroma, flavor and general acceptability while the F-dried samples scored the highest marks for appearance (i.e., colour). The RHC-dried samples had the lowest moisture content (5.45 %) followed by the F-dried (6.36 %), IR-dried (8.06 %), MC-dried (9.15 %) and PV-dried (10.07 %) samples. The F-dried samples retained the highest TPC (110.36 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g db) and exhibited the highest antioxidant activities as evidenced by the outcomes of 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity (FRAP) tests. The chemical profiles of the essential oil extracted from the various dried ginger samples were distinct and unique. The essential oil obtained from the F-dried samples was observed to have the highest compounds (24). The number of compounds identified in the oil extracted from the other dried samples were : RHC drying, 23; IR drying, 16; MC drying, 15; PV drying, 3. In general, the samples subjected to F and RHC drying gave the best outcomes for all the quality parameters assessed and are therefore recommended for large-scale industrial application.

In-vitro and in vivo studies of traditionally prepared Zingiber officinale juice for Antimitotic and Lethality activity

According to the literature survey most of the studies done on Adarak (Zingiber officinale rhizome) were performed on alcoholic extracts or isolated entities of ginger but no profound work has been done on the traditionally prepared or commonly consumed way of ginger. So, in this current study, fresh ginger rhizomes were traditionally pounded to make Adarak juice. The different concentration (0.05%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) were taken as sample to perform onion root tip inhibition assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. It showed antimitotic inhibition in the range of 0.05-10% concentration with an IC50 value of 0.37 % on number of rootlets was 0.08 % on length of rootlets. The traditionally prepared Adarak juice showed cytotoxicity in the range of 0.05-2.5% concentration with LC50 value of 1.59%. The traditionally prepared Adarak juice possesses cytotoxic and antimitotic activity.

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome of spleen deficiency and damp excess treated with fire needling therapy with filiform needle and acupoint application therapy: a randomized controlled trial

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome of spleen deficiency and damp excess treated with fire needling therapy with filiform needle and acupoint application therapy: a randomized controlled trial

Promising effects of gingerol against toxins: A review article.

Ginger is a medicinal and valuable culinary plant. Gingerols, as an active constituent in the fresh ginger rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, exhibit several promising pharmacological properties. This comprehensive literature review was performed to assess gingerol's protective and therapeutic efficacy against the various chemical, natural, and radiational stimuli. Another objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties of gingerol. It should be noted that the data were gathered from in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. Gingerols can exert their protective activity through different mechanisms and cell signaling pathways. For example, these are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE), transforming growth factor beta1/Smad3 (TGF-β1/Smad3), and extracellular signal-related kinase/cAMP-response element-binding protein (ERK/CREB). We hope that more researchers can benefit from this review to conduct preclinical and clinical studies, treat cancer, inflammation, and attenuate the side effects of drugs and industrial pollutants.

Effects of Different Drying Methods on Antioxidant Properties of Malaysian Ginger

Malaysian ginger is one the sought herbs that contains a lot of beneficial properties that could contribute to health. However, most usage of ginger from its fresh form which is prone to microorganisms’ spoilage. Therefore, effects of shade, sun, oven, vacuum oven, and freeze drying on phytochemical contents, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phosphomolybdenum assays, 2,2’azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) disodium salt (ABTS·+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH·), hydroxyl (OH·) radical and metal chelating properties of Halia Bara were studied. Dried and fresh ginger crude extracts were extracted with ethanol. The freeze-dried extract had highest level of total phenolic of about 20.07 mg GAE/g dry extract as compared to fresh ginger extract at 10.52 mg GAE/g dry extract. For antioxidant activity of FRAP and phosphomolybdenum, sun-dried extract exhibited the highest values with increase of 3.95-fold and 4.29-fold from fresh ginger extract, respectively. In scavenging ABTS·+ radical, sun-dried extract also exhibited the highest values with increase of 2.07-fold from fresh ginger extract. Sun-dried extracts also had the lowest IC50 of 14.69 μg/ml. The ascorbic acid of ginger types was below 1.5 mg AA/g extract. Sun-dried ginger extract exhibited most significant antioxidant potential and as free radical scavengers.

The integration of MS-based metabolomics and multivariate data analysis allows for improved quality assessment of Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is consumed for health-promoting effects and as a food condiment. Comprehensive phytochemical analysis, other than gingerols and shogaols, has not yet been deeply investigated. Hence, the current research aimed to establish a non-targeted metabolomics approach for the discrimination between fresh ginger rhizome samples collected from four different producing countries, i.e., China, India, Pakistan, and Peru. In addition, lab-dried samples were analyzed to trace drying-induced metabolites. A comprehensive extraction procedure was carried out resulting in production of polar and non-polar fractions. The polar fraction was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Fourier transform tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-C18-FT-MS/MS) and gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) post derivatization. UPLC-C8-FT-MS/MS was used for analysis of non-polar fraction. Results revealed for identification of a total of 253 metabolites. In addition, multivariate data analysis (MVDA), including principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated clustering of Asian specimens. Several metabolites with a characteristic pattern for the origin revealing the highest contents of bioactive metabolites in the Peruvian product. Moreover, chemical markers identified, including [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol discriminating between fresh and dried samples. Furthermore, abundances of some primary metabolites, including amino acids and cinnamic acid, have confirmed the biosynthetic pathway of gingerols and their transformation upon drying to shogaols. The proposed approach can be applied as a potential candidate for quality assessment of ginger and other medicinal plants.

VALUE-CHAIN ANALYSIS OF GINGER SUB-SECTOR IN SOLUKHUMBU DISTRICT, NEPAL

Survey research was carried out on Value Chain Analysis of Ginger Sub-Sector in Solukhumbu district with an objective of finding the value chain of ginger in Solukhumbu district of Nepal. Household level data from 60 household from Necha-Salyan rural municipality and Thulung Dudhkoshi rural municipality were sampled using random sampling technique. Few Local traders, wholesaler and retailers were also interviewed. Average area under ginger cultivation was found 2.35 ropani. Average cost of production per ropani was Rs. 14450.38 and majority of production cost of the production was covered by seed. The productivity of ginger in study area was 8.22 Mt/ha which was lower than national average and higher than the district productivity. The average price of the fresh ginger was Rs. 85.63/kg and Rs.200/kg for the dried ginger. Price fluctuation, lack of proper market, white grub, rhizome rot, lack of road access were the major problems for ginger grower in Solukhumbu District. Despite many problems, ginger cultivation in the study area was profitable business with B/C ratio 2.37 and B/C ratio of dried ginger was 1.13. Most of the sampled farmers were involved in the farming for their livelihood. Improved cultivation practices with recommended variety, timely plantation and seed treatment, simple processing like cleaning, sorting and grading are of immediate need to generate additional income to the producer.

Disinfectan from Sodium Hypochloride And Essential Oil Prevents Covid-19

One of the efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 is by disinfection of places/surfaces of inanimate objects such as door handles, tables, chairs, electric switches, banisters, bathrooms and others. The material that can be used to disinfect the surface of inanimate objects is NaOCl. The use of high-effectiveness NaOCl for disinfecting at low cost and easy use. NaOCl product on the market are generally only pure solutions without the addition of other ingredients so that the resulting NaOCl product give a distinctive odor of NaOCl which is sharp and hard to lose, so in this study, the addition of essential oils from fresh ginger and lemongrass which have anti-bacterial effectiveness for scent NaOCl covered. This research is an experimental research conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Muhammadiyah Lamongan. The working procedure in this study is to make extracts from fresh ginger and lemongrass with maceration method by making NaOCl disinfectant solution with liquid extract from fresh ginger and lemongrass were then observed every month for 3 months in the study in the form of testing on alcohol levels and organoleptic of observations on color, odor and sediment. The results of this study showed that the disinfectant solution based on NaOCl with the addition of essential oils contained in the liquid extract of fresh ginger and lemongrass made by maceration method can change the scent of the product. The results of this formulation can be used as an alternative to disinfectants on the market.

Abstract 2842: 6-gingerol attenuates metastasis in aged mice model of colorectal cancer through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediators genes and e-cadherin upregulation

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in America, and the third cause of cancer related death. Metastasis is the major cause of death in patient with CRC. Many CRC are likely to spread from primary site to the other parts of the body before and after detection of malignant tumor. 6-gingerol, the bioactive component of fresh ginger have been reported to have myriad of biological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We have previously reported the anti-CRC effect of 6-gingerol. However there is dearth of information on the anti-metastatic effect 6-gingerol in CRC. Thus, the effect of 6-gingerol on epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediators' genes and E-Cadherin repression in aged mice model of CRC was assessed in this study. Following institutional ethical approval. Aged male BALB/c mice (10 months) were divided into four groups of 10 mice each. Mice were fed with AIN-93 diet and allowed access to water ad libitum. Group 1 mice serve as control, group 2 mice received 6-gingerol 10mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 10 weeks. Group 3 mice received a single dose of azoxymethane (AOM) 10mg/kg (iP) and on the seventh day they received three cycles of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 2% (W/V) in drinking water ( each cycle is define as one week of DSS followed by two weeks of plain drinking water) Group 4 mice received 6-gingerol 10mg/kg/day by oral gavage in combination with single dose of azoxymethane 10mg/kg (iP) and on the seventh day they received three cycles of dextran sulfate sodium salt 2% (W/V) in drinking water. Mice were humanely sacrificed under anesthesia and colon tissues were processed for RT-PCR and multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis. Mice that received both 6-gingerol and AOM and DSS showed a significant decreased expression of Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, N-cadherin, SNAIL 1, ZEB 1, AP4 and HMGA1 with concomitant Upregulation miR-34, miR-15a, miR-218 and miR-302 expression as compared with the AOM and DSS only group. The result obtained from this study showed 6-gingerol inhibited metastasis through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediators' genes and E-Cadherin upregulation, and as such 6-gingerol could be a promising anti-metastatic agent in CRC treatment. Citation Format: Babajide Oluwaseun Ajayi, Ayomiposi Adenigba, Anuoluwapo Adeshina. 6-gingerol attenuates metastasis in aged mice model of colorectal cancer through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediators genes and e-cadherin upregulation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2842.