Fresh Condition Research Articles

Improvement of post-thawed sperm quality and fertility of Arian rooster by oral administration of d-aspartic acid

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of d-Aspartic acid (D-Asp) on post-thawed sperm quality, fertility and hatchability outcomes in male broiler breeders. Twenty 55-week-old roosters were selected and equally split into four groups (n = 5 rooster/group). Different daily D-Asp doses including 0 (D-0), 100 (D-100), 200 (D-200) or 300 (D-300) mg/kg BW were capsulated and individually administered for 12 weeks to roosters in each group. Semen samples were weekly collected from 7th to 12th week of experiment. Sperm quality from 7th to 11th week was evaluated in both fresh (total and forward motility and plasma membrane functionality) and post-thawed (total and forward motility, plasma membrane functionality, apoptosis status and mitochondrial activity) conditions. Also, collected semen samples on the 12th week were frozen and artificially inseminated to evaluate fertility and hatchability. The results from fresh condition showed that total and forward motility and plasma membrane functionality were significantly higher in D-200 compared to other groups. Also, interaction effect of time and treatment was not significant for all assessed parameters in fresh condition. In post-thawed condition, D-200 showed significantly higher total and forward motility, fertility and hatchability compared to other groups. The higher value for plasma membrane functionality and mitochondrial activity was observed in D-200 compared to D-0 and D300 groups. However, the percentage of live, early apoptotic and dead spermatozoa were not significantly affected by applied treatment in the current study. No significant difference for time and treat interaction effect was observed for all assessed parameters except forward motility. In conclusion, it seems that D-Asp administration could improve fresh and post-thawed sperm quality and post-thawed sperm fertility in male broiler breeders.

Valorization and recycling of quarries waste as an addition in cement

The management of mining waste is one of the major environmental problems which are facing the mining professionals, during their activity and even after the closure of the mine. Indeed, excavated materials from mines belong to a category of waste, and especially when dealing with an open pit, are generally left on the surface. In this experimental study, the utilization of sand waste marble dust as an additive in cement production has been investigated. The aggregate used in this study is a sand of marble wastes (excess loads of sand exposed to bad weather conditions) of the derived marble quarry from Fil-fila (Skikda, east of Algeria). The study focuses the effect of marble waste sand fillers substitution in the cement paste and mortar (5, 10, 15 and 20℅) with a finesse greater than that of cement, to compare the results obtained through control samples (0%) of cement paste properties in the fresh condition and the mechanical performances of mortar in the hardened condition. The obtained results show that the sand marble wastes fillers can be technically used as additive in cement. Therefore, it can be possible to prevent the environmental pollution especially in this region with excessive marble production and to well manage natural resources.

Optimization of Operation Scheme for Subway Environmental Control System

This paper analyzes the theories of ventilation and heat transfer of subway environmental control system, and a relevant network model of subway lines has been built. Based on this model which can calculate air volume and thermal load of subway lines, the air flow distribution in each area of station under closed ventilation condition, opened ventilation condition, minimum fresh air condition, night ventilation condition and obstruction ventilation condition has been simulated, and the influence of open or close piston duct and bypass duct, mode of air supply and exhaust, air temperature in station hall and platform, minimum fresh air of air conditioning and VRV system of equipment room on the thermal environment has been studied. Finally concludes the specific affection of these factors to energy consumption of subway environmental control system and temperature of tunnel, and optimizes the operation scheme for subway environmental control system in different period and seasons.

Economic Analysis of the Hook and Line Fishery in Kombuthurai Coast, Tamil Nadu

The present investigation is about the economic analysis of the hook and line fishery along the coast of Kombuthurai, Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. Inferences from the study indicated that that hook number 5, 6 and 7 were found ideal for commercial exploitation of Carangids, Grouper, Barracuda and Needlefish in angling by wielding fresh condition live bait. Using the artificial lure number 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 applied in trolling line, the most dominant catch was seer fish (80%) and least in sailfish (8%). Significantly the study reports that the highest gross revenue ₹42060/trip was made in trolling line than that of the handline of ₹26400/trip ascribed by targeted of high market value species. The trolling line crew share per person was twice over than the handline fishing (₹3821/trip). Instead of unorthodox eye estimation of fish weight, a novel approach of weight based fish sale (for low to high market value species) was observed in Kombuthurai fishing village and this practiced also espoused by a neighbor fishing village.

Culture and Releasing Potentials of Blacksea Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax L.)

In this study, physiological reaction of the Black Sea trout was aimed to identified, during the Black Sea transferring period to Black Sea (18‰).After salty water treatment of the two similar groups in November, individual morphometric adaptation success was identified. Fish in both groups were sorted evaluated fish parr marks formations, because of smoltification adaptation success. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that Black Sea trout could be successful after total length of 11.5 cm. Experimental fish group, measured as 11 cm mean length and 11.6 g mean weighed were divided two similar groups randomly. Both groups were fedunder the Black Sea salinity and fresh water condition during the November-April period. At the end of the five moth feeding period, mean lengths were reached to15.8±2.79 cm in seawater, 16.1±2.05 cm in fresh water conditions. During the exposure of the required size fish to 18‰ salinity, blood plasma sodium and chlorine ion concentrations were increased in first 3 days, then stabilized after 7th day. Blood potassium ion concentration were decreased until 17th day, then stabilized. When fish were exposed to ocean salty water (30‰), blood ion concentrations were relatively stabilized after 14th day. During the salty water adaptation period, there is no mortality under 18‰ salty water, but totally 10% mortality was observed in 30‰ salty water exposures. As a conclusion, it was determined that Black Sea trout bigger sized than 11.5 cm length could be adapted to Black Sea salinity (18‰), and physiologic adaptation duration could be reached to 17 days. During the releasing applications to the marine water of the Black Sea trout, if 17 day adaptation period of the identified minimum capable sized fish are taken in to consideration, groups’ competition ability and survival rate will be increased.

Analisis Kuantitatif Formalin pada Buah Impor pada Swalayan di Kota Banda Aceh

The low national production force people to consume fruits imports. Fruit imports have good physical qualities but let not suitable for consumption because it contains a variety of harmful substances, ie formalin. The study aims to quantitatively analysis the formaldehyde content in imported fruit. Design research is descriptive and analytical, with the object of research Supermarkets in Banda Aceh, while the sample of citrus fruits, grapes, and apples. Tests conducted formalin test laboratory with spectrophotometric. The results of the study showed that inspected fruits (apples, grapes, and oranges) positive for formaldehyde formaldehyde formaldehyde levels> 8.00 mg/liter. The conclusion that although the fruits are sold in supermarkets in the city of Banda Aceh positive for formaldehyde, but the content is still in early stages of normal (but still within the threshold value), in addition to the physical quality of the fruit is still in a fresh condition. Suggestions need to tighten supervision of the entry of fruit imported into the country in anticipation of for containing hazardous substances, and for the Food and Drug Control to conduct monitoring of the use of formaldehyde in self-self-service. Keywords: Fruits, formalin, physical qualities of fruit

Kualitas Fisik dan Mikrobiologis Bakso Daging Sapi Pada Penyimpanan Suhu yang Berbeda

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different temperatures storage on the value of pH, water holding capacity, water activities, Total Plate Count and Escherichia coli contamination of beef meatballs during storage. The result showed that the highest pH value was in the freezer storage (5.83 ± 0.023). The highest value of water holding capacity was obtained at treatment dingingerator storage (23.33 ± 7.026 % water-free), while the results of the analysis of variance showed that effect of different temperature storage was not signiicant (P <0.05) to the water holding capacity. Aw values in this study ranged from 0.854 to 0.908. Aw values at refrigerator and freezer storage were signiicantly higher (P> 0.05) than the meatballs in fresh condition. The analysis of variance showed that treatment of different temperature storage had no signiicant effect (P <0.05) for Total Plate Count (TPC). Mean of TPC (log10 cfu/g) ranged between 5,30 + 0,62 to 5,86 + 0,65. E. coli contamination was found in meatballs stored at freezer storage. Treatment of different temperature storage was signiicantly affect water activity and was not effect on pH, water holding capacity and microbiological content (TPC and E. Coli).

Investigation of Microstructure, Porosimetry, Water Uptake and Proton Conductivity of Machine Prepared Catalyst Layers for Pemfcs

In this study, a set of experimental techniques have been adopted to characterize the fundamental properties of machine prepared catalyst layers (CLs) formed by different Pt:C ratios, highly graphitized carbon and 3M ionomer (825EW). Single cell performance with these catalyst layers was evaluated in order to analyze the relationship with the structural properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption were conducted in a series of CLs with Pt:C ratio variations at a fixed ionomer:carbon (IC) ratio to investigate the microstructure including materials dispersion and porosity. This analysis was performed on both the CL in a fresh (as-prepared) condition and after subjected to a standard PEMFC protocol. TEM images along with Pt size distributions of the 50:50 Pt:C fresh and post-operation samples are shown in Fig. 1. A significant widening of the Pt size distribution and a possible tendency towards a multimodal distribution is observed after FC operation. This behavior can be explained by a combination of Pt particle coalescence and dissolution/re-precipitation processes within the solidionomer, as has been suggested in previous studies.1 In order to assess the ionomer behavior in the machine prepared CLs, proton conductivity measurements and estimation of the proton conduction tortuosity was performed as a function of relative humidity (RH) in the single cell. Water uptake isotherms of the as-prepared CLs have also been acquired under well controlled RH levels. In contrast to typical Nafion®-based fuel cells, the 3M fuel cell reached its optimum performance at 60%-70% RH and suffered dramatic mass transfer losses at saturated humidity levels. Therefore, the 3M fuel cells are able to function fully under drier conditions than the Nafion units. However, the high sensitivity to the cells’ water content requires efficient water management during operation, especially at higher current densities. References More, K.L., Borup, R., and Reeves K.S. ECS Transactions, 3 (1) 717-733 (2006) Figure 1

Reassessment of Allantonectria, phylogenetic position of Thyronectroidea, and Thyronectria caraganae sp. nov.

The genus Allantonectria is synonymised with Thyronectria, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic considerations. Investigations of types and fresh collections revealed that Tubercularia concentrica is an earlier name for Sphaeria (syn. Allantonectria) miltina and is thus combined in Thyronectria. Allantonectria yuccae is recognised as a distinct species and transferred to Thyronectria, as well as the recently described A. zangii. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for T. concentrica and T. yuccae. A recent collection of the North American Thyronectroidea chrysogramma, the generic type of Thyronectroidea, was studied with respect to morphology of its sexual morph in fresh condition and of its asexual morph produced in pure culture. Molecular phylogenies based on six loci (ITS and LSU regions of nuc rDNA, act1, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 genes) place T. chrysogramma within Thyronectria, confirming synonymy of Thyronectroidea with Thyronectria, but remarkably a relationship to European species with green to brown spores (former genus Mattirolia) receives no support, and its closest relatives remain unclear. Thyronectria caraganae is described as a new species from herbarium specimens of Caragana arborescens collected in the Ukraine. It is characterised by morphology of the sexual morph and by DNA sequence data, which place it within the T. austroamericana - T. rhodochlora clade with high support. This is also supported by its morphology, specifically ascomata partly embedded within a stroma, muriform ascospores not budding within the ascus, becoming yellowish to rosy at maturity.

Effect of Prolonged Storage in Ice on Nutrient Composition and Sensory Quality of Whole Fresh Pond Raised Tilapia Fish ( Oreochromis shiranus )

A study was conducted to determine the effect of prolonged storage in ice of fresh pond raised Tilapia fish (Oreochromis shiranus) on its nutrient composition and quality. Live fish were collected from Bunda College Fish Farm ponds and stored in clean block ice. Sensory, proximate and pH analyses were conducted at a three day interval to determine changes in nutrient composition and quality of the fish while kept in ice. Crude protein and crude fat decreased significantly (P<0.05) while ash increased significantly (P<0.05) with storage time in ice. pH increased with storage time in ice (R2=0.815). Fish remained in acceptable freshness condition up to day 15 while highest sensory demerit score was recorded on the 18th day suggesting complete rejection. Sensory demerit scores of the fish increased with storage time in ice (R2=0.886) indicative of a decline in acceptability with storage time in ice by the sensory panel. This study demonstrated that fleshly harvested Oreochromis shiranus from ponds stored in ice can remain acceptable for purchasers for up to 15 days. This is an advantage especially to rural small scale fish farmers who can hardly afford to preserve their fresh fish in refrigerators but may locally access ice. However, there is need for future research to assess the microbiological load to ascertain safety of the product beyond 15 days storage period.

Biochemical and microstructural assessment of minimally processed peaches subjected to high-pressure processing: Implications on the freshness condition

Abstract Since the condition of freshness is closely linked to the definition of minimally processed fruits, it is generally assumed that they should be constituted by living tissues. High-pressure processing (HPP) has been proven to be successful in maintaining the freshness of foods, although the integrity of some tissues could be altered. The aim of this work was to assess different biochemical and microstructural changes experimented by the HPP-treated tissues. The following determinations were conducted in control and treated diced peaches: viability assay, microstructure analysis, relative expression of RNAm, and enzyme activities related to browning and anaerobic metabolism. Results showed that although HPP-treated tissues were not viable, changes in the expression of the RNAs of the enzymes evidenced that some metabolic processes were still active. In turn, the microstructure remained rather unaltered, while the enzymes tested were significantly inhibited. Then, although some characteristics of living tissues were modified in the HPP-treated fruits, they could be considered as fresh in appearance. Industrial relevance It is well known that conventional thermal treatments applied to preserve fruit products usually cause important changes in flavor, color, texture, and consequently the loss of fresh appearance. However, in the case of novel technologies such as high-pressure processing (HPP), this causality is not straightforward. Interestingly, the claim of “freshness” in foods has become a controversial topic, since some regulations indicate that for a food to be regarded as fresh, it should not have been subjected to any preservation processing. However, a list of exceptions has been considered for processes such as irradiation at low doses, or application of edible coatings. This list of exception is expected to increase, accordingly to the raise in successful experiences with the application of novel technologies such as HPP. This work provides information on the effect of HPP on different biochemical and structural aspects of treated peaches, with the aim to contribute toward the commercial application of HPP to minimally processed fruits.

Evaluation of nutritive value and shelf life of strawberry genotypes

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value and shelf life of five strawberry genotypes. It was found that under fresh condition the highest ascorbic acid (45.76 mg/100g) was obtained by Rabi-3 and the highest ?-carotene (15.09 IU/100g) by Festival. The maximum amount of reducing sugar (6.373 g/100g) and non-reducing sugar (2.947 g/100g) was recorded in Camarosa and Festival respectively. The maximum amount of calcium (0.480%) in BADC Strawberry, iron (93.50 ppm) in Rabi-3, phosphorus (0.081%) and potassium (0.854%) in BARI Strawberry-1 was recorded. Under different temperature and packaging conditions, polyethylene package at 40C proved to be superior to others in all respects. The highest shelf life (47.00 days) and ascorbic acid (42.76 mg/100g) after four days of storage was obtained by Camarosa in this condition; whereas the lowest shelf life (2.33 days) and ascorbic acid (10.12 mg/100g) was recorded in BADC Strawberry in plastic punnet package at 250C.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 19-26

Comparison of reflectance confocal microscopy and two-photon second harmonic generation microscopy in fungal keratitis rabbit model ex vivo.

Fungal keratitis is an infection of the cornea by fungal pathogens. Diagnosis methods based on optical microscopy could be beneficial over the conventional microbiology method by allowing rapid and non-invasive examination. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and two-photon second harmonic generation microscopy (TPSHGM) have been applied to pre-clinical or clinical studies of fungal keratitis. In this report, RCM and TPSHGM were characterized and compared in the imaging of a fungal keratitis rabbit model ex vivo. Fungal infection was induced by using two strains of fungi: aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans. The infected corneas were imaged in fresh condition by both modalities sequentially and their images were analyzed. Both RCM and TPSHGM could detect both fungal strains within the cornea based on morphology: aspergillus fumigatus had distinctive filamentous structures, and candida albicans had round structures superficially and elongated structures in the corneal stroma. These imaging results were confirmed by histology. Comparison between RCM and TPSHGM showed several characteristics. Although RCM and TPSHGM images had good correlation each other, their images were slightly different due to difference in contrast mechanism. RCM had relatively low image contrast with the infected turbid corneas due to high background signal. TPSHGM visualized cells and collagen in the cornea clearly compared to RCM, but used higher laser power to compensate low autofluorescence. Since these two modalities provide complementary information, combination of RCM and TPSHGM would be useful for fungal keratitis detection by compensating their weaknesses each other.

Changes of hematological references depends on storage period and temperature conditions in rats and dogs.

Because changes in rat and dog hematological parameters according to storage conditions have been poorly documented, we sought to examine such changes. Blood analysis was performed using two hematology analyzers (ADVIA 2120i and Sysmex XN-V) after storage at room temperature and in cold storage for 5, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Interassay coefficients of variation for hematological parameters analyzed with the ADVIA 2120i and the XN-V showed similar. The levels of hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelet (PLT) showed significant variations with time in blood samples of rats and dogs. The leukocyte subpopulation showed high variation with storage conditions. The data for leukocyte differential counts obtained using the ADVIA 2120i, XN-V, and a manual differential counting procedure showed good agreement for neutrophils and lymphocyte counts, but monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils showed differences between the procedures. In conclusions, most rat and dog hematological parameters showed minimal changes; however, some showed high variation with storage time and temperature, especially PLT and leukocyte subpopulations. In conclusion, when performing hematological analysis in dogs and rats, it will be exactitude to analyze blood samples in fresh condition and at least within 24 h in the cold storage.

Changes in Chemical and Sensory Properties of Freshwater Fish(Indian Major Carps)During ICE Storage

In the present study, chemical and sensory properties of freshwater fishes viz, Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigalawere determinedduring ice storage for 22 day. In all the three species total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) was found to be crossed limit of acceptability after 17 days of ice storage. A marginal increment in non-protein nitrogen (NPN) was registered in case of Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala while the value decreased in case of Labeo rohitaat the end of the storage period. The changes in pH during storage observed in all the cases. The total plate count (TPC) of the meat obtained from three species during different periods of ice storage showed an increasing trend and registered a log value of 6.92, 6.89 and 7.49 for Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigalar espectively at the end storage. The overall quality scores obtained in the present study were more than 9 for all the three species in fresh condition which decreased below rejection level after 17 days of ice storage. Key words-Indian Major Carps, Ice storage, Sensory quality, Chemical quality.

Antibacterial efficacy of AH Plus and AH26 sealers mixed with amoxicillin, triple antibiotic paste and nanosilver.

Background. Elimination of bacteria from the root canal system is one of the aims of endodontic treatment; hence the incorporation of antibiotics into sealers can increase their antimicrobial efficacy. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial effects of AH26 and AH Plus sealers mixed with amoxicillin, triple antibiotic paste and nanosilver on Enterococcus faecalis.Methods. In this experiment, amoxicillin, triple antibiotic paste and nanosilver powder were added at 10% of the total sealer weight to AH26 and AH Plus sealers and then cultured freshly or after 1, 3, and 7 days with suspension of E. faecalis for 24 hours. The zones of growth inhibition for E. faecalis were evaluated in each group.Results. Incorporation of nanosilver did not increase antibacterial effects of the sealers. Sealers combined with amoxicillin exhibited the highest antibacterial efficacy in fresh condition. In the set specimens, the results demonstrated that the mixture of sealers and triple antibiotic pastes exhibited the greatest antibacterial efficacy.Conclusion. Amoxicillin and triple antibiotic paste significantly improved the antibacterial properties of AH Plus and AH26 sealers. Such properties decreased with time, but the use of sealer-amoxicillin/triple paste combination was still superior to using sealers alone or in combination with nanosilver.

Extruded Pet Food Development from Meat Byproducts using Extrusion Processing and its Quality Evaluation

The studies were carried out to development and quality evaluation of extruded pet food by utilization of buffalo meat byproducts like livers, trims and agro wastes namely sorghum, oat and corn flour. The quality of the extruded pet food was evaluated on the basis of qualities characteristics namely pH, fat content, protein content, ash content, and TBA number. Protein content and fat content of fresh pet food were found in the following ranges 15.84% and 10.64% respectively. The pH of extruded pet food was significantly decreased. The ash content, TBA number and pH content were 2.43%, 0.605 mg/kg and 6.29% in fresh condition. During ambient storage pH values was found to decrease consistently. Protein content was found to decrease significantly. The Sorghum, oat and corn flour incorporation, significantly affected on quality of extruded pet food samples.

Holocene Biostratigraphic Zones Corresponding Litho-Chronostratigraphy, Environment of Deposition and Successive Changes in the Geomorphology of Bengal Basin, India during Last 10,000 Years

Biostratigraphic Zones Bb. Bz. H. I-V distinguished in C14 dated Peat, peaty clay sediments above arid, Barren zone have identified distinct environment of deposition as fresh water mixed brackish water to shallow marine to brackish water mangrove swamp, brackish water mixed fresh water swamp followed by colonization of non-littoral species to fresh water swamp during Holocene in the Bengal basin, India in chronological succession. The successive phases of depositional environment have identified the events of sea level rise, marine transgression and sea ward movement of the sea. The unique database has explored successive changes in the geomorphology of South Bengal from upland dry to marine deltaic environment to fresh water upland condition.

Development, Quality Evaluation and Shelf Life Studies of Buffalo Meat Emulsion Sausage as Influenced by Different Levels of Fat and Skimmed Milk Powder

Investigations were carried out on development quality evaluation and shelf life studies of buffalo meat emulsion sausage prepared by different levels of fat and skimmed milk powder (SMP) at refrigerated storage temperature (0°C). The quality of emulsion sausage was based on the basis of physico-chemical characteristics namely moisture content, pH, protein content, TBA number, microbial characteristics like total plate count, and sensory chrematistics The response surface methodology was applied to study the effect and for optimization of these ingredients. The moisture content of sausage samples prepared with different levels of fat and SMP ranged between 58.9 % to 62.615 % in fresh condition. After 28 days of refrigerated storage (0°C), moisture content of emulsion sausage ranged between 47.62 % - 52.97 %. The protein content of emulsion sausage was in range of 2.015 % to 2.587 %. The values of TBA number of emulsion sausage were found in the range of 0.323 to 0.358. There was slight decrease in pH of emulsion sausage during refrigerated storage (0°C). There was apparent increase in fat and protein content of emulsion sausage samples during refrigerated storage (0°C) mainly due to the loss in moisture content. The total plate count of emulsion sausage was found in the range of 3.72 - 4.02 in fresh condition. After 28 days of refrigerated storage (0°C) the values of TPC of emulsion sausage samples was found in the range of 6.97 -7.245 log cfu/g, this indicated the spoilage condition of emulsion sausage samples. The storage study revealed that the sausage samples came to spoilage end after 28 days of refrigerated storage. It was measured by the total plate count of these samples. Therefore shelf life of the samples was found to be 21 days under refrigerated condition (0°C).

Length-Weight and Length-Length Relationships in Freshwater Garfish Xenentodon cancila (Ham.) from Muriyadhar, Sunsari, Nepal

Present paper attempts to describe length-weight (LW) and total length-standard length (TL and SL) relationships of fresh-water garfi sh Xenentodon cancila. Fish of different length and weight were caught using cast nets from Muriyadhar, Sunsari. The fish were kept in ice box in fresh condition and brought to fi sh laboratory, Department of Zoolog post Graduate Campus, Biratnagar. The data obtained from measurement were analysed using the formula W = aLb. The b values estimated for the total length and standard length in relation to body weight were 3.2202 and 3.2559 respectively. The values of b clearly indicate the allometric growth pattern and for total length and standard length relationship, the linear value of b was 0.3223.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 26, 2012: 10-14