Frequency Of Violence Research Articles

Two formats for eliciting retrospective reports of child sexual and physical abuse: effects on apparent prevalence and relationships to adjustment.

This study compared two common questionnaire formats for eliciting retrospective child abuse reports. Self-defined formats ask participants whether they were abused, using that term. Researcher-defined formats ask about particular abuse-related events, allowing researchers to specify criteria for identifying abuse histories. Adjustment was measured by self-report inventories of depressive and posttraumatic symptoms and global self-esteem. Participants were 542 college women and men. Significantly less abuse was reported on the self- versus researcher-defined formats. Self-defined abuse was more frequent if participants met criteria for researcher-defined sexual or dual abuse versus physical abuse and if they reported relatively frequent childhood physical violence, severe sexual acts, and marginally, sexual perpetrators who were incestuous. Relationships of adjustment with researcher-defined versus self-defined abuse were stronger, and relationships between adjustment and researcher-defined abuse were independent of self-defined abuse. Discussion addressed methods of eliciting retrospective abuse histories for research and for clinical purposes.

Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Individuals with Severe Mental Illness Who Have a Substance Misuse Problem

Abstract There have been considerable advances in the use of psychological treatments for individuals with psychosis in the last 20 years or so. This paper describes an ongoing study in which these treatment approaches are being modified and combined for use with a particularly challenging client group–those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who have a comorbid drug or alcohol problem. Prevalence rates for such individuals with “dual diagnosis” are high, with surveys indicating that from 20%-60% of clients with schizophrenia may have a substance use problem. More importantly, there is evidence that clinical outcomes are worse for this group and that persons in treatment present many difficulties for services, for example, frequent hospital admissions, violence, engagement problems, and noncompliance. Although there are accounts and evaluations of integrated treatment strategies in the U.S. (Drake et al., 1989; 1991), there is little published work from the UK demonstrating an integration of treatments tar...

National survey of pediatricians' violence prevention counseling.

Recommendations for child health care providers to counsel patients and their families on violence prevention have been issued by a number of major health care organizations. To assess the knowledge, attitudes, training, and practices of pediatricians concerning violence prevention counseling in the areas of family violence, discipline, television viewing, peer violence, and guns in the home. Survey. A national random sample of 1350 pediatricians, divided equally among residents in their final year of training, practitioners who had completed their residency training within the last 5 years, and those who had completed their training more than 5 years ago. Knowledge, attitudes, training, and current practices regarding violence prevention counseling. The overall response rate was 41%. When providing health supervision to patients, most pediatricians never or rarely screen for family and community violence, peer violence, and weapons. For example, 68% of residents and 73% of practitioners never or rarely screen for domestic violence, 56% of residents and 67% of practitioners never or rarely ask adolescents about their involvement in physical fighting, and 54% of residents and 56% of practitioners never or rarely identify families who have guns in the home. Regarding preparation for providing violence prevention counseling, 76% of residents and 83% of practitioners rated their training as inadequate. Receiving training in the prevention of child/adolescent violence in medical school (P<.001), residency (P<.001), or fellowship/continuing medical education (P=.002) were major determinants of more frequent violence prevention counseling. Pediatricians who believed that parents rarely or never follow through on a physician's advice about safe gun storage, switching to nonviolent disciplining techniques, or limiting their child's television viewing were less likely to ask or advise patients in these areas. Pediatricians are not adequately prepared to provide violence prevention counseling, and few currently screen for exposure to family and community violence, peer violence, and access to weapons. Comprehensive information about violence prevention should be integrated into medical education, and the efficacy of violence prevention counseling strategies should be evaluated.

The marriage license as a hitting license: A comparison of assaults in dating, cohabiting, and married couples

There are many studies of marital and dating violence. However, methodological differences between these studies make it difficult to determine differences in the nature and extent of physical assault between marital status groups. This paper helps fill that gap by analyzing data from two surveys: a study of 526 dating couples at a large midwestern university, and a study of a national probability sample of 5005 married and 237 cohabiting couples. The results show that cohabiting couples have a higher rate of assault than dating and married couples. These findings persist after controls for age, education, and occupational status are introduced. Violence is also more severe in cohabiting than dating or married couples. A number of factors may account for the more frequent violence in cohabiting relationships. These include social isolation, the issue of autonomy and control, and the investment in the relationship.

FUNDAMENTALISME DAN GERAKAN POLITIK IDENTITAS

AbstractViolence is not the monopoly of religious radical groups, but also in otherfields. For example sports, especially soccer, has spawned radical movements thatalso frequent violence in the name of exclusivity group, which known ashooligans supporters groups.Violence which on behalf of ethnic also occurred in Africa, as it did in1959 and 1994, where clashes between Hutus by Tutsis Tribes that resulted inthousands and even millions of Tutsis were killed. This paper intends to describethe fundamentalism, how its emergence, its characteristics, and the spread of theirparts of the world.Fundamentalism is a radical views and attitudes, militant, narrow-minded ,excited in excess (ultra - jealous) or have a tendency to achieve goals with violentmeans, thereby actually radicalism and terrorism intertwined in it.