Frequent Violations Research Articles

ASPEK-ASPEK KEBAHASAAAN DALAM PROSEDUR PENERJEMAHAN

Abstract. Translating a source text into a target text requires a lot of insight. The greater the translator's insight, the better the translation will be. A translator requires not only the aspects of meaning and style in the source language and the target language, and translation technique/procedure, but s/he is also required to provide detailed explanation of information presented in the text. Particularly in interpreting, an interpreter should obey the rules or principles applicable in the source and the target language. One important norm is related to the phrase structure, either the noun phrase, the adjective phrase; adverbial phrase, or other types of phrases. In reality, however, frequent violations of the phrase rules occur in that the interpreter ignores the correct translation procedures in accordance with the standard language of the target text. In this paper the author will describe the compulsion imposed by the translators, especially those that occurred in the translation classes. Beginners in the field of translation often ignore standardized translation techniques.
 
 Keywords: translation constraint; procedure; variation; factors

The Right of Early Access to Criminal Legal Aid in Indonesia: Clear Rule, Clearer Violations

This article will examine the right of early access to criminal legal aid in Indonesia, both in theory and in practice. In theory, the right of early access to criminal legal aid (the Right) is clear and firmly established in Indonesian law and international law which applies to Indonesia: individuals under arrest or in detention are entitled to receive legal aid at all stages of the criminal justice process. Therefore, law enforcement may not deny or delay a suspect’s access to a lawyer during the initial procedural stages of arrest, investigation and detention. This article will argue that the Right meets certain criteria of a clear legal rule, as distinguished from a vaguer legal standard, and we would therefore expect a high degree of compliance with the Right. However, in practice, we find frequent violations of the Right in Indonesia. After reviewing evidence of the violations, the article will conclude by briefly addressing several explanations while maintaining that the Right is a clear legal rule.

Event-driven approach for predictive and proactive management of SLA violations in the Cloud of Things

In a dynamic environment such as the cloud-of-things, one of the most critical factors for successful service delivery is the QoS under defined constraints. Even though guarantees in the form of service level agreements (SLAs) are provided to users, many services exhibit dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) variations. This QoS variation as well as changes in the behavior and state of the service is caused by some internal events (such as varying loads) and external events (such as location and weather), which results in frequent SLA violations. Most of the existing violation prediction approaches use historic data to predict future QoS values. They do not consider dynamic changes and the events that cause these changes in QoS attributes. In this paper, we propose an event-driven-based proactive approach for predicting SLA violations by combining logic-based reasoning and probabilistic inferencing. The results show that our proposed approach is efficient and proactively identifies SLA violations under uncertain QoS observations.

Improving Multipath Video Transmission With Raptor Codes in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Supported by the latest technical innovations mobile users are able to simultaneously receive real-time streaming services with different radio access technologies (e.g. LTE and Wi-Fi). The stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) is a vitally important transport protocol to enable concurrent multipath transfer (CMT) in heterogeneous wireless networks with multihomed terminals. However enabling CMT of real-time video streaming to multihomed mobiles is challenged with key technical dilemmas: 1) high-quality real-time video transmission is constrained by stringent requirements in delay and throughput; 2) wireless networks are bandwidth-limited and error-prone; and 3) the congestion control and packet retransmission modules in the SCTP may incur frequent deadline violations and throughput fluctuations. Motivated by addressing these challenging problems this research proposes a Video and Raptor code aware CMT (CMT-VR) solution. First we develop a mathematical model to formulate the utility maximization problem of multipath real-time video delivery over parallel wireless networks. Second we present a transmission framework that includes online packet scheduling Raptor coding adaptation and retransmission control algorithms. CMT-VR is distinct from the existing SCTPs in leveraging the video frame priority and rateless Raptor coding. The performance verification is conducted by means of system evaluations over real wireless networks and extensive semiphysical emulations in the Exata platform. Evaluation results demonstrate that CMT-VR achieves appreciable improvements over the reference schemes in perceived video quality goodput and end-to-end delay.

Creating Naptime: An Overnight, Nonpharmacologic Intensive Care Unit Sleep Promotion Protocol.

Introduction:Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) have significantly disrupted sleep. Sleep disruption is believed to contribute to ICU delirium, and ICU delirium is associated with increased mortality. Experts recommend sleep promotion as a means of preventing or shortening the duration of delirium. ICU Sleep promotion protocols are highly complex and difficult to implement. Our objective is to describe the development, pilot implementation, and revision of a medical ICU sleep promotion protocol.Methods:Naptime is a clustered-care intervention that provides a rest period between 00:00 and 04:00. We used literature review, medical chart review, and stakeholder interviews to identify sources of overnight patient disturbance. With stakeholder input, we developed an initial protocol that we piloted on a small scale. Then, using protocol monitoring and stakeholder feedback, we revised Naptime and adapted it for unitwide implementation.Results:We identified sound, patient care, and patient anxiety as important sources of overnight disturbance. The pilot protocol altered the timing of routine care with a focus on medications and laboratory draws. During the pilot, there were frequent protocol violations for laboratory draws and for urgent care. Stakeholder feedback supported revision of the protocol with a focus on providing 60- to 120-minute rest periods interrupted by brief clusters of care between 00:00 and 04:00.Discussion:Four-hour blocks of rest may not be possible for all medical ICU patients, but interruptions can be minimized to a significant degree. Involvement of all stakeholders and frequent protocol reevaluation are needed for successful adoption of an overnight rest period.

Violations of put-call parity for CNX Nifty index options: a study at National Stock Exchange

Derivatives markets provide a platform for market participants to hedge their risk, and aid price discovery. Correct pricing of derivatives instruments is imperative in the performance of these functions. In the present study, an attempt has been made to examine the valuation of CNX Nifty index options in terms of put-call parity (PCP) relationship, over a ten-year period. Since PCP is a no-arbitrage-based argument, it does not suffer from the limitations that are inevitable while gauging pricing efficiency using model-based approaches. Various error estimates, supported by non-parametric tests have been used validate our results statistically. Our findings indicate frequent violations of PCP, though the magnitude of mispricing is small. Further, the results are charted across moneyness, days-to-expiry and liquidity. The present study can be extremely important for all stakeholders, as violation of PCP leads to risk-free profitable arbitrage, which is an antithesis to efficient markets.

(Ne)odgovornost novinara u izveštavanju o osetljivim društvenim grupama u štampanim medijima

When it comes to the responsibility of journalists, the violation of professional standards is the most frequent violation of the journalists Code of Ethics in Serbia, which is confirmed by the appeal procedures before the Press Council. Ethical standards for the press reporting in Serbia are most questionable when it comes to vulnerabile social groups, which include, according to the Strategy for Prevention and Protection against Discrimination of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, women, children, LGBT persons, persons with disabilities, elderly people, national minorities, refugees and members of religious communities. Despite the constant improvement of the Codex of Ethics, research dealing with the press compliance to the ethical and professional values of reporting is still scarce and mostly concerned with the protection of privacy. The basic idea of this paper is to conduct an analysis of content with emphasis on journalists responsibility in the authorial texts in five daily newspapers in Serbia (Politika, Večernje novosti, Blic, Informer and Kurir) in the five-day period in June 2017. The analysis of the violation of this provision of the Code of Ethics deals with specifically defined segments: discrimination, hate speech and incitement to violence, violation of the presumption of innocence, use of inappropriate and disturbing content, protection of the rights and dignity of vulnerable social groups. The daily Politika has justified its status of a quality political press in which journalists report most responsibly, especially about children and women victims of crime, as the most vulnerable social groups. The analysis showed that the difference between the semi-tabloid and the tabloid press is reflected in the use of disturbing content, while the violation of the privacy is the characteristics of both semi-tabloid and tabloid press.

Particularities of Implementation of the Rules on Dismissal at Employer's Initiative in the 1990s

By means of historical legal, historical sociological, statistical analysis, the experience of implementation of the Russian legislation on dismissal of the worker in the period of the 1990s is investigated. The specificity of the period is due to the preservation of the Soviet Institute of termination of the employment contract with a radical change in the socio-economic and political context of social life. In the context of the unpredictable further development of the country, the legislator preferred a cautious model of reform of the law on dismissal. At the same time, the actual practice of applying the rules on dismissal has significantly changed. The most problematic area was the release of an employee in connection with the liquidation of the organization and staff reduction. In court practice on cases of termination of the employment contract at the employer's initiative the dominant approach of the Soviet law enforcement remained; the employee was restored to work even with minor formal deviations from the procedure of termination of the contract. The importance of measures of social impact as a condition taken into account when dismissing the employee for systematic failure to perform work duties decreased. There was a self-removal of the State from the field of implementation of educational function of the labor law, in particular in the field of dismissal for appearance at work in state of intoxication. The spread of the employment contract in 1990s had a well-known negative impact on the practice of termination of the employment contract at the employer's initiative. The employment contract was understood as an agreement between an employee and an employer, which in its essence was a civil contract. From the point of view of issues of the employee release, the employment contract faced an interesting practice of inclusion of contractual bases of dismissal that were not provided by the law. Some of the gaps were filled by the practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, in particular concerning the date of dismissal of the employee in connection with the liquidation of the organization. In general, the period is characterized by a transitional nature. The determining factor in the development of the institute was the economic dominance of the employer. Frequent violations of the rights of an employee in the field of dismissal were not suppressed by the State or Union bodies and were the main content of public life. At the same time, provisions of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation of 1992 on termination of the employment contract at the employer's initiative underwent practical approbation. Their application made it possible to analyze social and economic needs, to develop the concept of further development. The paper develops the author's thesis "Dismissal at the employer's initiative".

Upaya Antisipasi Perilaku Sex Bebas di Kalangan Mahasiswi Kebidanan (Studi Peranan Pendidik dalam Mengantisipasi Sex Bebas di Kalangan Mahasiswi Akademi Kebidanan Medika Wiyata Kediri)

Penyimpangan pada remaja banyak terjadi dipicu karena adanya pergaulan bebas. Salah satu pergaulan bebas yang mempunyai pengaruh dominan terhadap para remaja, terutama para mahasiswi di lingkungan kampus adalah sex bebas. Sex sebagai kebutuhan manusia yang alamiah tersebut dalam upaya pemenuhannya cenderung didominasi oleh dorongan naluri sex secara subyektif. Akibatnya sering terjadi penyimpangan dan pelanggaran perilaku sex di luar batas hak-hak kehormatan dan tata susila kemanusiaan. Mahasiswi kebidanan secara penguasaan ilmu seharusnya mereka lebih memahami akibat dari sex secara bebas di luar pernikahan, karena dari ilmu yang mereka pelajari juga diajarkan banyak hal tentang penyakit yang diakibatkan dari sex bebas dan juga bahaya kehamilan di usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan Pendidik Akademi Kebidanan Medika Wiyata dalam melakukan kontrol sosial dan upaya apa saja yang dilakukan dalam menghadapi penyimpangan perilaku mahasiswinya guna meng-antisipasi terjadinya sex bebas, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi yang dikumpulkan, kemudian dianalisa secara diskriptif kualitatif. Kontrol sosial yang dilakukan para pendidik di Akademi Kebidanan Medika Wiyata dilakukan melalui pengendalian sosial preventiv melalui tindakan pencegahan terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya pelanggaran-pelanggaran terhadap peraturan, atau merupakan suatu usaha yang dilakukan sebelum terjadinya suatu pelanggaran dan pengendalian sosial secara represif melaui pemberian sanksi bagi mahasiswi yang melakukan pelanggaran, sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku di Akademi Kebidanan Medika Wiyata Kediri.

Interview with Peter Maurer

Since 2011, the humanitarian impact of the crisis in Syria has continued to worsen. The conflict is characterized by frequent violations of international humanitarian law (IHL): indiscriminate attacks in urban areas, the targeting of civilians and essential services such as water supply and health care, and the use of prohibited weapons, to name just a few. All of these have devastating consequences for the Syrian people, who are caught between the opposing sides. The conflict has brought not only bombs and missiles but also harsh living conditions, displacement, lack of access to food, water and medicine, uncertainty regarding the fate of missing or detained loved ones, and interruption of all aspects of life, including the education of a generation of Syrian children. Many people have fled, while others have stayed and attempted to live their lives amid the chaos of war.In the face of these overwhelming needs, humanitarian organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) struggle to respond. The ICRC is helping people both inside Syria, who are facing extremely difficult conditions because of the conflict, and the hundreds of thousands of Syrian refugees in Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and elsewhere. In partnership with the Syrian Arab Red Crescent, the ICRC distributes food and other essentials, restores water supplies and supports medical services.In this interview, ICRC president Peter Maurer reflects on the complexities of the armed conflict in Syria, the difficulties of providing a neutral and impartial humanitarian response in this context and the importance of the parties to the conflict upholding their obligations to the civilian population.

Persuasiveness in Tourism Brochures

This paper aims at examining the linguistic persuasiveness techniques based on Grice Maxims (1975) which are employed in Iraqi and Malaysian brochures, beside comparing the violations of Grice Maxims (1975) in Iraqi and Malaysian brochures. Beside that to verify a key hypothesis in this study that the violation of Grice Maxims is a basic pragmatic strategy in advertising to achieve persuasion. Qualitative method has been adopted while analyzing the data. The frequency of every violation has been counted and given a percentage. The results have shown a new dimension added to the previous literature, quantity maxim is frequently violated in Iraqi brochures. Quality maxim is the most violated maxim in Malaysian brochures. Furthermore ellipsis is highly used in Iraqi brochures while hyperbole is frequently used in Malaysian brochures to persuade the tourist. Furthermore the recent results confirm the key hypothesis through the instances of frequent violations of the maxims in both Iraqi and Malaysian brochures which persuade and tempt the reader to head to these destinations. The present study supports Leech’s (1966) goals of advertising. Memorability, Force and Participation exist in all the data in both contexts. Violations of Grice Maxims contribute to these goals. Simply because these violations strengthen the message of the brochures and give additional non-literal interpretation. The study suggests to carry out a further research on persuasion linguistic techniques used in tourism brochures about different cities and towns around the world adopting different theories.

Main aspects of administrative liability of the staff employed in the field of pharmacy in Ukraine

Administrative liability of the staff employed in the field of pharmacy at its contemporary development stage is of particular importance, as there are violations committed during pharmaceutical servicing. Aim. To analyze acting legal norms applied in the filed of pharmacy and related to the main aspects of administrative liability. Results. Analysis of normative legal documents which establish legislative requirements related to medicines, disciplinary, administrative, civil law and/or criminal liability has been performed; functional duties of executive bodies which control compliance with the legislation have also been studied, the most frequent violations committed by the staff employed in the field of pharmacy during their professional activities have been determined. Conclusions. The acting normative legal acts aimed at state control of the medicines in the field of fight against infringement of laws regulating pharmaceutical activities in Ukraine correspond to actual contemporary needs and involve a wide range of unsolved problems. However, compliance to legal norms depends on qualification levels and good faith of the staff involved.

Characteristics of the psycho-emotional-mnestic functions, vegetative changes and quality of life at the initial stages of discirculatory encephalopathy of the various genesis

The objective : to analyze the conditions of the autonomic nervous system, the function of attention and quality of life in middle aged people with the initial forms of CVP of different etiology. To conduct an analysis of the prevalence of anxiety depressive disorders, taking into account gender characteristics. Patients and methods . 217 persons aged from 40 to 59 years (mean age 51,4±5,9 years) were examined. According to the results of the complex examination, 140 people with an initial stage of DE were identified, which were divided into 3 groups depending on the etiologic factor of the development of the disease (arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and their combination). All patients were assessed for mental performance and attention activity in the Munsterberg test. The state of the quality of life and the autonomic nervous system was assessed by the questionnaires of the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Prevention of Nervous System Diseases of the SCN of RAMS – «Quality of Life», «Syndrome of the vegetative dystonia». To identify anxiety depressive conditions, the Modified Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (MHADS) was used. Results . The analysis of the obtained data showed a high prevalence of anxiety depressive disorders in middle aged people. Subclinical and clinical manifestations were noted in 56,9%, with a predominance in women (p<0,05). Also, among women, there was a statistically significantly more frequent mild violation of attention, autonomic disorders (severe and moderate severity), and a slight decrease in the quality of life. Men were more likely to have slight attention disorders, as well as a lack of vegetative disorders and a good quality of life condition (p<0,05). Patients with different pathogenetic forms of the initial DE also have a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms – subclinical and clinical manifestations of which have been detected in more than 50%, with a certain predominance of anxiety in patients with initial ADE and anxiety depressive states in groups of patients with initial hypertensive and combined DE. Some intergroup differences in the function of attention and autonomic dysfunction were noted, but the difference in the indices did not reach the level of statistical significance. In this case, patients from the ADE group often, as compared to patients from the groups with HDE and CDE, determine their quality of life as good (p<0,05). Conclusion . The study showed a high prevalence of anxiety depressive disorders, among middle aged people. The revealed features of the state of attention function, autonomic nervous system and quality of life in groups of patients with initial forms of DE of different pathogenesis testify to the advisability of determining the degree of their changes for therapeutic correction in the general system of prevention and treatment of patients with initial forms of DE of different etiology.

Any nonadherence to instructions for use predicts graft-related adverse events in patients undergoing elective endovascular aneurysm repair

BackgroundA variety of devices exist for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Device-specific instructions for use (IFU) detail anatomic constraints to application and deployment of devices and are developed from rigorous bench testing. Nonadherence to IFU occurs frequently to avoid open surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine if IFU violations are associated with increased risk of graft-related adverse events (GRAEs) during follow-up. MethodsThis multicenter retrospective observational study included patients undergoing elective endovascular repair for abdominal aneurysmal disease with three different devices. Demographics, anatomic data, and follow-up data were collected on patients from 2005 to 2014. IFU violations were device specific and included neck diameter, length, and angulation and iliac artery diameter and length. GRAEs included a composite outcome of reintervention, migration, endoleak (type II excluded), rupture, limb occlusion, sac growth, and aneurysm-related mortality during the follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards modeling were performed. Any IFU violations as well as neck-specific IFU violations were analyzed. ResultsIn 461 patients undergoing EVAR, 43.8% had at least one IFU violation. Patients with IFU violations were more likely to have peripheral vascular disease (12.4% vs 7.3%) and were less likely to be male (78.7% vs 90.3%). The most frequent IFU violations included diameter deviations of the neck (15.2%) and of the iliac artery (21.4%). Overall, the GRAE rate was 12.8%. Median follow-up time was 1.9 and 2.1 years for patients with and without an IFU violation, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival revealed a significant association between the presence of an IFU violation and GRAEs (log-rank, P = .031). When adjusted for clinical variable through Cox hazard modeling, the association remained significant (hazard ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.1). When neck-specific violations were considered independently, Kaplan-Meier survival (log-rank, P = .003) and Cox modeling (hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.0) revealed a significant association between neck-specific IFU violation and GRAEs. ConclusionsA total of 43.8% of patients undergoing EVAR had a device-specific IFU violation, indicating that implanters are pushing the boundaries of device capabilities. Our study identified that any IFU violation was significantly associated with GRAEs over time. Caution should be applied to patients being considered for EVAR when IFU deviations exist.

Urban eddy covariance measurements reveal significant missing NOx emissions in Central Europe

Nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution is emerging as a primary environmental concern across Europe. While some large European metropolitan areas are already in breach of EU safety limits for NO2, this phenomenon does not seem to be only restricted to large industrialized areas anymore. Many smaller scale populated agglomerations including their surrounding rural areas are seeing frequent NO2 concentration violations. The question of a quantitative understanding of different NOx emission sources is therefore of immanent relevance for climate and air chemistry models as well as air pollution management and health. Here we report simultaneous eddy covariance flux measurements of NOx, CO2, CO and non methane volatile organic compound tracers in a city that might be considered representative for Central Europe and the greater Alpine region. Our data show that NOx fluxes are largely at variance with modelled emission projections, suggesting an appreciable underestimation of the traffic related atmospheric NOx input in Europe, comparable to the weekend-weekday effect, which locally changes ozone production rates by 40%.

The Strategic Underreporting of Bank Risk

We show that banks signicantly under-report the risk in their trading book when they have lower equity capital. A decrease in a bank’s equity capital results in substantially more frequent violations of its self-reported risk levels in the following quarter. These results are consistent with the view that banks under-report their risks to lower their current regulatory capital requirements at the expense of potentially higher future capital requirements that follow if the under-reporting is detected. The under-reporting is especially high during the critical periods of high systemic risk and for banks with larger trading operations. Our results provide evidence that the current regulations give reporting incentives that make the self-reported risk measures least informative precisely when they matter the most.

Differences in Parotid Dosimetry and Expected Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities in Whole Brain Radiation Plans Covering C1 Versus C2.

ObjectivesThere is no consensus standard regarding the placement of the inferior field border in whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) plans, with most providers choosing to cover the first versus (vs.) second cervical vertebrae (C1 vs. C2). We hypothesize that extending coverage to C2 may increase predicted rates of xerostomia.MethodsFifteen patients underwent computed tomography (CT) simulation; two WBRT plans were then produced, one covering C2 and the other covering C1. The plans were otherwise standard, and patients were prescribed doses of 25, 30 and 37.5 gray (Gy). Dose-volume statistics were obtained and normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCPs) were estimated using the Lyman-Burman-Kutcher model. Mean parotid dose and predicted xerostomia rates were compared for plans covering C2 vs. C1 using a two-sided patient-matched t-test. Plans were also evaluated to determine whether extending the lower field border to cover C2 would result in a violation of commonly accepted dosimetric planning constraints.ResultsThe mean dose to both parotid glands was significantly higher in WBRT plans covering C2 compared to plans covering C1 for all dose prescriptions (p<0.01). Normal tissue complication probabilities were also significantly higher when covering C2 vs. C1, for all prescribed doses (p<0.01). Predicted median rates of xerostomia ranged from <0.03%-21% for plans covering C2 vs. <0.001%-12% for patients treated with plans covering C1 (p<0.01), dependent on the treatment dose and NTCP model. Plans covering C2 were unable to constrain at least one parotid to <20 Gy in 31% of plans vs. 9% of plans when C1 was covered. A total parotid dose constraint of <25 Gy was violated in 13% of plans covering C2 vs. 0% of plans covering C1.ConclusionsCoverage of C2 significantly increases the mean parotid dose and predicted NTCPs and results in more frequent violation of commonly accepted dosimetric planning constraints.

Синтетические каннабиноиды: распространённость, механизмы формирования зависимости, психические нарушения, связанные с употреблением. Современное состояние проблемы

According to the authors among the new psychoactive substances, the number of which is growing every year, despite the measures aimed at the obstacles to their dissemination there discovered the most frequent violations of psychotic conditions associated with use of synthetic cannabinoid in clinical practice. On the black market, they are distributed through online shops, under the guise of herbal mixtures for Smoking. When ingested, this group of drugs at the peak of intoxication raises a number of mental (different according to the depth of impaired consciousness, auditory and visual hallucinations, panic attacks, acute psychotic paranoid disorders, catatonic stupor, polar affective disorders, acute polythematic delusional symptoms) and somatic disorders (disorders of heart rhythm and conduction, acute ischemic disorders, hypertension, depression of respiratory activity, violation of thermoregulation, development of acute renal failure, vomiting, expressed cephalgia, clinic of hypokalemia). In the reviewed literature and authors own observations there have been discovered some cases of mental addiction development to synthetic cannabinoids. The analysis of new literature data and own clinical observations helped the authors to compare the psychotropic effects caused by this group of drugs, relative to other known surfactants. The toxic effects of CSC on the body greatly exceeds the use of plant cannabinoids, and it has almost the same effects as the synthetic cathinone’s. The speed of formation of psychological dependence is lower compared to synthetic cathinone. Developing current strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients who use synthetic cannabinoids remains an important task for practical healthcare.

Delay-Bounded Intravehicle Network Routing Algorithm for Minimization of Wiring Weight and Wireless Transmit Power

As the complexity of vehicular distributed systems increases rapidly, several hundreds of devices are being placed in a modern automotive system. With the increase in wiring cables connecting these devices, the weight of a vehicle increases significantly and degrades the fuel efficiency during driving. In order to reduce the wiring weight, wireless communication has been introduced to replace wiring cables between some devices. However, the extra energy consumption and the transmission delay due to wireless communication need to be considered because they may result in frequent maintenance (e.g., recharging of batteries) and deadline violation, respectively. In this paper, we propose an intravehicle network routing algorithm to simultaneously minimize the wiring weight and the wireless transmit power while considering the transmission delay in automotive systems. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively minimize the wiring weight and the wireless transmit power and satisfy other design constraints.

Conceptual aspects of mental health in its intersection with human rights and development

IntroductionImproving mental health of people is an important goal of the present millennium. Community-based services programs for prevention of mental disorders and promotion of mental health have been implemented in several countries. However, the proportion of people suffering from mental disorders is significantly and persistently high, and psychosocial distress due to migration, natural disasters, and terrorism; in general, feeling of insecurity is unlikely to improve current figures.AimsTo highlight the interrelatedness of mental health, development and human rights, in particular in women and girls.MethodsThe presentation will consider conceptual aspects of mental health in its intersection with human rights and development, with particular reference to women and girls.ResultsCurrent definitions of mental health might be misleading and convey the false expectation that mental health coincides with happiness and productivity. An alternative conceptual framework will be presented, in which mental health is a dynamic state of internal equilibrium that enables individuals to use their abilities in harmony with universal values of society. Different factors concur to the dynamic equilibrium, and will be discussed in their intersection with human rights and development, with particular reference to the most frequent violations of human rights (e.g. trafficking, domestic abuse, sexual violence) that contribute to increase the risk of mental disorders in women and girls.ConclusionMental health is rooted in personal development and social context in which the person lives. Strategies aimed to address mental health in women and girls will need to consider gender, country and socio-cultural specificities.Disclosure of interestHonoraria or Advisory board/consulting fees from the following companies: Lundbeck, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Hoffman-La Roche, Angelini-Acraf, Otsuka, Pierre Fabre and Gedeon-Richter.