Frequency Of Social Media Use Research Articles

PENGARUH MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP PENAMPILAN AKHLAK

The impact of social media use on behavior among Students of Higher Education institutions nowadays needs to be given serious attention. Many teenagers are influenced by the views shared on social media and cause the emergence of negative behavior problems at home or in educational institutions. The existence of these problems among teenagers is definitely a factor or cause that needs to be identified. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the level of frequency of social media use and its relationship with the appearance of behavior among community college students in terms of socializing, communication, dressing, and entertainment. Social media and its impact on adolescents is a very broad issue and needs to be studied in depth all the time as its development and rapidity are always happening. The research only focused on three types of social media like Facebook, Youtube, and Instagram. This study was conducted qualitatively using the library research method by making research on books and journals. The findings that have been identified show that there are many advantages and disadvantages of social media for adolescents, especially in the aspects studied. This study is very important because it can make students aware that social media can influence negative morals and help all educators at all levels improve their teaching system by emphasizing the relevant elements to avoid negative social problems among male and female students.

A cross-cultural perspective on the relationships among social media use, self-regulated learning and adolescents’ digital reading literacy

This study explored, from a cross-cultural comparative perspective, how use of social media (SM) impacted adolescents' digital reading literacy (DRL), and whether these two factors' relationship was mediated by self-regulated learning: i.e., knowledge of metacognitive strategies, enjoyment of reading, and reading self-concept. Several mediation models with multiple mediators were tested with a sample of data pertaining to 105,430 15-year-old students from 3693 schools across six East Asian regions and nine Western countries that participated in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018. The results indicated that frequent SM use did not have any direct adverse impacts on adolescents’ DRL; and indeed, small positive effects were observed in many countries/regions. The relationship between SM use and DRL was positively mediated by knowledge of metacognitive strategies, but not mediated by enjoyment of reading. In the Eastern regions, SM use did not have any significant indirect effect on DRL through reading self-concept, but in most Western countries, a positive indirect effect was observed.

Government policies and attitudes to social media use among users in Turkey: The role of awareness of policies, political involvement, online trust, and party identification

Few research studies have examined the impact of government policies toward social media on individuals’ attitudes to social media use, particularly when these policies aim to denounce and control social media platforms, as was the case in Turkey in 2013–2016. A conceptual model, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 2005) [1], was proposed to investigate the mediating role of awareness of government policies, degree of political involvement, online trust, and the moderating role of party identification in predicting the attitudes to social media use. Data were collected through a survey of 653 social media users in Istanbul, Turkey (mean age = 31.76, SD = 10.96; 40 % women, 83 % Turkish ethnicity) in September 2015. Using PLS-SEM modelling, the awareness of government policies, the degree of political involvement, and the online trust were found to partially mediate the relationship between the frequency of social media use and the attitudes to social media use for the users of Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram, while the moderating role of party identification was not significant in this model. The results provide additional support for the role of social context and past behaviors in predicting the attitudes and future intentions in the use of digital communication technologies.

The association between screen time and reported depressive symptoms among adolescents in Sweden.

How screen use is associated with adolescents' mental health has been widely debated in public media during the last decade, but there is still lack of information about if and how the associations vary between types of electronic media. This study aimed to examine how time spent on types of screen use (social media, gaming alone, gaming in groups and watching TV) was associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents in Sweden, and whether gender moderated these associations. We analysed data from the Swedish section of the Children of Immigrants: Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries. The final sample consisted of 3556 eighth grade adolescents in 2011 (51% girls). We used logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio of feeling depressed often versus less often/not at all using time spent on different types of screen use as predictor variables. Additionally, we tested interaction effects between gender and the predictor variables. Our results showed that spending more than 2 hours on social media was associated with higher odds of feeling depressed often compared with spending 2 hours or less. Not watching TV was associated with higher odds of feeling depressed often compared with watching TV. These patterns did not differ across genders. Gaming alone and gaming in groups were not associated with depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that more frequent social media use and not watching TV were associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms.

Relationship of Gender Socio-Economic Profile and Exposure to Social Media

The objective of the study is to determine the Relationship between Gender Socio-Economic Profile and Exposure to Social Media among high school students. Descriptive design was used to describe the relationship of the profile of the respondents and its relationship to exposure to social media The researcher randomly selected 150 respondents (75 male and 75 female) from grade 9 and 122 respondents (61 male and 61 female ) from grade 10 students in Dona Juana Chioco National High School in Lupao Nueva Ecija, Philippines Data were collected using the questionnaire. Results show that the ownership of communication gadget, internet connection, connection type, a place where the internet was used, frequency of use, and the number of hours of using social media (except internet connection with male respondents) have negative and highly significant correlation with the age of both male and female respondents. The grade level of male respondents, on the other hand, was found to have a negative and significant correlation with internet connection and the positive effect of social media. Positive and highly significant correlations were observed between male respondents' grade level and connection type, a place where the internet was used, frequent use of social media, frequency of use of social media, and several hours in using social media. On the other hand, the grade level of female respondents shows a negative and significant correlation with the negative and positive effects of the use of social media. Positive and highly significant correlations were shown between the grade level of the female respondents and ownership of gadgets, internet connection type, internet connection, frequent use of social media, and the number of hours in using social media. Religion and daily allowance show no correlation with the respondents and social media. Fathers' occupation of the female ale respondents shows a significant correlation with ownership of gadgets and internet connection. Mothers' occupation of female respondents exhibited a positive and significant correlation with ownership of gadgets, internet connection, and connection type. The family income of respondents shows a negative and significant correlation with the negative effect of social media (male) and places where internet connections were used (female). A positive and significant correlation was observed between the family income of the parents and the purpose of the social media (male) and the positive effect of the social media (female).

Investigation of the Effect of Social Media Addiction on Adults with Depression.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of social media addiction on depression in adult individuals. For this purpose, the researchers analyzed whether social media dependence had differing impacts according to various variables (age, gender, the highest level of education, duration of daily use of social media, frequency of social media use, etc.). A sample population of 419 people who live in different provinces in Turkey between 18 and 62 years of age participated in the research. The questionnaire form was developed to obtain the Social Media Dependence Scale (SMDS), Beck Depression Inventory scores, and demographic information from the participants. The research was conducted according to the general screening model. Significant differences were found between depression and social media dependency in variables such as the number of children, age, and income. As a result of the study, when social media addiction was examined in terms of gender among socio-demographic variables, no significant difference was found.

Coping With the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining Gender Differences in Stress and Mental Health Among University Students

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a wide variety of unprecedented challenges, many of which appear to be disproportionately affecting the mental health and well-being of young adults. While there is evidence to suggest university students experience high rates of mental health disorders, less is known about the specific impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on student mental health and how they are coping with this stress. To address this gap, we conducted an online study among undergraduate students (n = 366) to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academics, social isolation, and mental health, as well as the extent to which they have been implementing a variety of coping strategies. The pandemic had a more pronounced negative effect on female students' academics, social isolation, stress and mental health compared to male counterparts. Moreover, for females, frequent use of social media as a coping mechanism was associated with greater perceived negative impacts on their academic performance and stress levels, compared to males. However, frequent social media use related to similar negative mental health effects for both males and females. While male and female students both reported using substances to cope, for males the use of cannabis was associated with greater negative impacts on academic outcomes, stress and mental health compared to females. These findings highlight the need for adequate student support services across the post-secondary sector, and point to the importance of gender informed interventions to address the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Adjustment Correlates of Social Media Engagement Among Early Adolescents.

Social media engagement is common among adolescents, yet not all adolescents use social media in the same ways or experience the same adjustment correlates. This study examined four social media behaviors (self-disclosure, self-presentation, lurking, and social monitoring) and two time-based measures of social media use (daily number of hours on social media and frequency of social media use) on three developmentally relevant adjustment correlates (internalizing problems, prosocial support, and online peer victimization). Self-report data were collected from 426 middle-school students (54.2% female, 73.6% Caucasian, 11.5% Black, 4.8% Hispanic, 10.1% other ethnicity, mean age = 12.91). The findings showed distinct adjustment patterns among the social media engagement indices, as well as sex and age differences. Neither the number of hours on social media nor social monitoring were associated with any adjustment correlates; however, the frequency of social media use was associated with positive adjustment (less internalizing problems and more prosocial support), primarily for older adolescents. Self-disclosure was positively associated with online peer victimization (girls only) and prosocial support. Self-presentation was associated with higher levels of internalizing problems and online peer victimization, as well as less prosocial support for younger adolescents and boys. Lurking was positively associated with internalizing problems. The findings suggest the need to consider specific types of social media engagement when creating prevention and intervention programs to address adolescent maladjustment.

Frequency Of Social Media Use And Its Impact On Adolescent Mental Well-Being At An Urban High School

Frequency Of Social Media Use And Its Impact On Adolescent Mental Well-Being At An Urban High School

Are online behaviors damaging our in-person connections? Passive versus active social media use on romantic relationships

Social media has been extensively researched, and its impact on well-being is becoming more clear. What is less clear, however, is the role of social media on romantic relationships, with the few existing studies finding mixed results. In an attempt to reconcile these discrepancies, the current study explored types of social media use (i.e., active use and passive use) as moderators between frequency of social media use and relationship health (i.e., relationship satisfaction and commitment). Participants were 432 adults in a romantic relationship for at least three months. Results showed that women who passively use social media at moderate to high levels exhibited negative associations between hours per day of social media use and relationship satisfaction, and hours per day of social media use and commitment. On the other hand, active use may ameliorate the negative association between hours per day of social media use and relationship health for both women and men. Specifically, men and women reporting low levels of active use exhibited a stronger negative association between hours per day of social media use and relationship health than those who reported moderate levels of active use. Additionally, there was no association between hours per day of social media use and relationship health for men and women reporting high levels of active use. Implications of these findings are discussed, as well as future directions based on these findings.

Associations between adolescents’ pornography consumption and self-objectification, body comparison, and body shame

Although prior work indicates an association between idealized media content and adolescents’ body-related concerns, such as self-objectification, body comparison, and body shame, few prior studies have examined the role of pornography. Even fewer studies have included adolescent girls, limiting our understanding of potential gender differences. In this brief report, we investigate these associations in a diverse mixed-gender sample of high school students in the Southeastern U.S. (n = 223, ages 15–18, M age = 16.25, 59 % girls) who completed computerized self-report measures. Controlling for demographic covariates and frequency of social media use, we found an association between frequency of pornography consumption in the past year and higher self-objectification and body comparison, but not body shame. No evidence of differences by gender emerged. Results suggest that both boys and girls may be susceptible to pornography-related body concerns, yet these concerns may not include body shame. Future research should examine both risks and benefits of pornography use among adolescents using longitudinal designs, as well as how body-related concerns can be incorporated into pornography literacy interventions.

Roots of Incivility: How Personality, Media Use, and Online Experiences Shape Uncivil Participation

Online media offer unprecedented access to digital public spheres, largely enhancing users’ opportunities for participation and providing new means for strengthening democratic discourse. At the same time, the last decades have demonstrated that online discourses are often characterised by so-called ‘dark participation’ the spreading of lies and incivility. Using ‘problematic behaviour theory’ as framework and focusing on incivility as a specific form of dark participation, this article investigates the role of users’ personal characteristics, media use, and online experiences in relation to offensive and hateful online behaviour. Using a random-quota survey of the German population, we explored how dark personality traits, political attitudes and emotions, the frequency and spaces of online-media use, and users’ experiences with both civil and uncivil online discourses predicted participants own uncivil behaviour, such as posting, sharing, or liking uncivil content. We found that 46% of the participants who had witnessed incivility in the last three months also engaged in uncivil participation. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that incivility was associated with manipulative personality traits as measured by the dark triad, right-wing populist voting intentions, and frequent social-media use. Experiences with both civil comments and hate speech predicted higher levels of uncivil participation. The strongest predictor was participants’ personal experiences with online victimisation. Overall, the results confirmed that dark participation in the sense of uncivil engagement results from the interplay of personality traits, an online environment that allows for deviant engagement, and, most importantly, participants’ experiences in said environment.

Social Media Use and Adolescents' Sleep: A Longitudinal Study on the Protective Role of Parental Rules Regarding Internet Use before Sleep.

The popularity of social media use among adolescents has raised concerns about the potentially harmful effects of social media use on adolescents’ sleep. Since longitudinal research considering this relationship is scarce, the present two-wave longitudinal study of 2021 secondary school students (Mage = 13.86, SD = 1.25) examined whether frequency of social media use and problematic social media use predicted adolescents’ bedtime and quality of sleep. Moreover, the protective role of parental rules regarding Internet and smartphone use one hour before sleep was examined. The findings indicated that strict parental rules about Internet and smartphone use before sleep might prevent negative consequences of social media use on bedtime and sleep quality, but only among less engaged social media users. Once adolescents are highly engaged social media users, strict parental rules do not seem to prevent negative media influences on sleep. This implies that limiting Internet accessibility before bedtime can help prevent adolescents’ sleep problems, but that regulation is less effective for adolescents who are already highly involved in social media use.

Anxiety among dental professionals and its association with their dependency on social media for health information: insights from the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundSocial media can play a detrimental role during a global health emergency. In this study, we aimed at assessing the impact social media has on the anxiety level of dental healthcare workers (DHCWs) whilst living through the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn online questionnaire was disseminated to a cross-sectional sample of DHCWs from 19 countries using social media platforms. The questionnaire enquired about DHCWs’ frequency of using social media and their dependency on health-related information posted on those platforms. Anxiety was measured using General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7).ResultsFour-hundred and three (403) DHCWs completed the online questionnaire. Sixty-eight percent (68%) frequently use social media for information on COVID-19. The frequency of social media use was higher among younger DHCWs, with shorter clinical experience, and holders of undergraduate qualifications (p = 0.009, p = 0.002, and p = 0.023, respectively). Almost one third of DHCWs had moderate to severe anxiety (31.7%), which was significantly associated with the frequency of social media use (p = 0.016). This association was adjusted for age, years of experience and qualification level (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.05–2.93; p = 0.032).ConclusionCOVID-19 social media infodemic has been adversely impacting the psychological wellbeing of DHCWs. More effective measures are needed to control the quality and spreadability of health information on social media platforms.

Antecedents of support for social media content moderation and platform regulation: the role of presumed effects on self and others

ABSTRACT This study examines support for regulation of and by platforms and provides insights into public perceptions of platform governance. While much of the public discourse surrounding platforms evolves at a policy level between think tanks, journalists, academics and political actors, little attention is paid to how people think about regulation of and by platforms. Through a representative survey study of US internet users (N = 1,022), we explore antecedents of support for social media content moderation by platforms, as well as for regulation of social media platforms by the government. We connect these findings to presumed effects on self (PME1) and others (PME3), concepts that lie at the core of third-person effect (TPE) and influence of presumed influence (IPI) scholarship. We identify third-person perceptions for social media content: Perceived negative effects are stronger for others than for oneself. A first-person perception operates on the platform level: The beneficial effects of social media platforms are perceived to be stronger for the self than for society. At the behavioral level, we identify age, education, opposition to censorship, and perceived negative effects of social media content on others (PME3) as significant predictors of support for content moderation. Concerning support for regulation of platforms by the government, we find significant effects of opposition to censorship, perceived intentional censorship, frequency of social media use, and trust in platforms. We argue that stakeholders involved in platform governance must take more seriously the attitudes of their constituents.

Social Media Utilization of Mothers and Their Children and Its Effect to their Communication Relationship

This study is entitled “Social Media Utilization of Mothers and Their Children and Its Effect to their Communication Relationship”. The study was conducted in San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines. This study aimed to determine how the use of social media affects the communication relationship of mothers and their children from the perspective of the matriarchal head of the family – mothers. It tried to analyze whether social media use decreases the personal communication of the respondents to their children. The study also explored the following: relationship of socio-demographic characteristics of respondents to the frequency of social media use; and relationship of social media use and family communication relationship. Based on the results, respondents always use social media 3-4 hours a day during the evening hours while Facebook is the frequently used social media site of the respondents. Respondents observed that their children always use social media at home, however, the face-to-face conversation remained their most frequent way to communicate with their children. More than half (63.3%) of the respondents believed that social media has decreased their personal communication with their children. Those who disagreed with this statement, however, believed that it has not affected their personal communication with their children as they impose discipline and control over them. Moreover, there is no correlation seen between the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and the social media use of respondents. Thus, regardless of their demographic profile, the frequency of use of social media among families of respondents is the same. However, no relationship is found between social media use and family communication relationship. This then implies that family communication is affected by the use of social media, in a positive way as it is seen to aid the respondents in monitoring their children especially when they are out of their homes.

Post-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Turkey

ABSTRACT Background: A worldwide health threat, the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the need to focus on its mental health impact. However, literature on mental health effects including post-traumatic consequences of the pandemic is scarce. Objective: The current study examined post-traumatic stress (PTS), growth (PTG), and depreciation (PTD) during the pandemic, and explored factors associated with these mental health outcomes in an adult community sample from Turkey. Method: A total of 685 participants responded to an online survey that gathered data on sociodemographic characteristics, financial loss during the pandemic, time spent at home and frequency of social media use, perception of COVID-related risks, stress, and event-related rumination. Data analysis included correlation and regression analyses. Results: Results showed that PTS, PTG, and PTD were positively correlated with each other. Younger age and being single were associated with higher PTS and PTD, and lower education levels predicted all three outcomes. Experiencing financial loss during the pandemic, more frequent social media use to follow COVID-related news and posts, and longer time spent at home during the pandemic were associated with higher PTS. Anticipating financial risks during the pandemic were associated with all outcomes while anticipating health-related risks due to COVID-19 and perceived stress levels predicted PTS and PTD but not PTG. Both intrusive and deliberate rumination were associated with higher levels of PTS and PTD, and PTG was predicted solely by deliberate rumination. Moreover, provisional PTSD was indicated in 47.9% of the participants. Membership to the provisional PTSD group was predicted by age, level of education, time spent on social media, anticipating COVID‐19–related health risks, perceived stress, and event-related rumination. Conclusions: The current study provides empirical evidence for the short-term post-traumatic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related factors, which can help to guide mental health services during the pandemic.

Social Contact and Wellness Outcomes for Older Adults in Different Residential Settings

More frequent social contact with others has been shown to be associated with positive well-being outcomes for older adults, who may be at increased risk of loneliness or isolation. The current study investigates whether the potential benefits of social contact might vary by social contact medium and by residence type (senior living (SL) settings vs. the broader community). 5,148 older adults residing in SL communities completed surveys on health and well-being. Data were combined with responses from 1,000 demographically similar older adults residing outside SL settings who participated in a similar study. Participants in both studies reported their frequency of social contact with friends (4 types: in-person meet-ups, speaking by phone, writing or emailing, and communicating via social media), subjective overall health, and life satisfaction. Results of multilevel regression analyses revealed that more frequent in-person social contact with friends was associated with more positive ratings of overall health only for participants in non-SL settings, but not those in SL. More frequent in-person social contact was also associated with higher life satisfaction, and this effect was stronger for non-SL participants. More frequent contact by phone and written letters/emails was associated with better ratings of overall health, regardless of residence type. In contrast, more frequent social media use was associated with lower ratings of overall health. Analyses controlled for age, gender, education, marital status, income, chronic health conditions, and depressive symptoms. The observed patterns of results speak to the possible protective benefits of social engagement for older adults in different residence settings.

Detection of Hate Speech in COVID-19-Related Tweets in the Arab Region: Deep Learning and Topic Modeling Approach.

BackgroundThe massive scale of social media platforms requires an automatic solution for detecting hate speech. These automatic solutions will help reduce the need for manual analysis of content. Most previous literature has cast the hate speech detection problem as a supervised text classification task using classical machine learning methods or, more recently, deep learning methods. However, work investigating this problem in Arabic cyberspace is still limited compared to the published work on English text.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify hate speech related to the COVID-19 pandemic posted by Twitter users in the Arab region and to discover the main issues discussed in tweets containing hate speech.MethodsWe used the ArCOV-19 dataset, an ongoing collection of Arabic tweets related to COVID-19, starting from January 27, 2020. Tweets were analyzed for hate speech using a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) model; each tweet was given a score between 0 and 1, with 1 being the most hateful text. We also used nonnegative matrix factorization to discover the main issues and topics discussed in hate tweets.ResultsThe analysis of hate speech in Twitter data in the Arab region identified that the number of non–hate tweets greatly exceeded the number of hate tweets, where the percentage of hate tweets among COVID-19 related tweets was 3.2% (11,743/547,554). The analysis also revealed that the majority of hate tweets (8385/11,743, 71.4%) contained a low level of hate based on the score provided by the CNN. This study identified Saudi Arabia as the Arab country from which the most COVID-19 hate tweets originated during the pandemic. Furthermore, we showed that the largest number of hate tweets appeared during the time period of March 1-30, 2020, representing 51.9% of all hate tweets (6095/11,743). Contrary to what was anticipated, in the Arab region, it was found that the spread of COVID-19–related hate speech on Twitter was weakly related with the dissemination of the pandemic based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (r=0.1982, P=.50). The study also identified the commonly discussed topics in hate tweets during the pandemic. Analysis of the 7 extracted topics showed that 6 of the 7 identified topics were related to hate speech against China and Iran. Arab users also discussed topics related to political conflicts in the Arab region during the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic poses serious public health challenges to nations worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, frequent use of social media can contribute to the spread of hate speech. Hate speech on the web can have a negative impact on society, and hate speech may have a direct correlation with real hate crimes, which increases the threat associated with being targeted by hate speech and abusive language. This study is the first to analyze hate speech in the context of Arabic COVID-19–related tweets in the Arab region.

When Social Media Images and Messages Don’t Match: Attention to Text versus Imagery to Effectively Convey Safety Information on Social Media

Health organizations can use visuals that support observational learning in social media. The social cognitive theory construct of observational learning illustrates how social media messages can inform health-related behavior change. In a within-subjects design, parents (n = 150) were exposed to real-world social media posts where safety recommendation text and imagery was matched (n = 3) or unmatched (n = 3). Safety topics were relevant to children age seven and younger: infant sleep, poisoning prevention, and bicycling safety. Eye tracking software captured visual attention (in milliseconds) on visual imagery and a post-experiment survey recorded correct answers to safety recommendations. Analyses examined the relationship between the match between text and imagery and visual attention. Participants spent more time on the matched image posts compared to mismatched image posts (5.3 versus 3.3 seconds; p < .001). After accounting for frequency of social media use and health literacy, each second of viewing time on the matched posts was associated with a 2.8% increase in the correct response safety information knowledge score (p < .001). Matched text and visuals on social media posts attracted significantly higher visual attention and improved safety knowledge.