Urinary Frequency Research Articles

In brief: A new torsemide formulation (Soaanz) for edema.

The FDA has approved Soaanz (Sarfez), a new formulation of the loop diuretic torsemide, for treatment of edema associated with heart failure or renal disease in adults. Torsemide has been available generically for years for treatment of hypertension and treatment of edema due to heart failure, renal disease, or hepatic disease. According to the manufacturer, Soaanz tablets are formulated to provide a gradual and sustained diuresis, lowering the risk of excessive urination and hypokalemia.

Exploring Ayurvedic Nutritional Medicine Perspective: The Benefits and Clinical Significance of Millets

The science of nutrition may be enriched as well as deficiency and over nutritional disorders can be managed in a better way by incorporating Ayurvedic nutritional medicine measures in form of different diets and dietary regulation The millets are referred to in Ayurveda as Kudhanya, Kshudra Dhanya, and Trin Dhanya under the category Dhanya Varga (group of fried grains). Aim & Objectives: To explore Ayurvedic nutritional medicine perspective and clinical significance of millets. Material and Methods: The research methodology used for the study comprises a review of relevant academic articles and Ayurvedic literature. Using the search engines Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed (MEDLINE). Results: Millets are economical, nutritional and gluten free. Millets are best advised in Kaphaja Roga (diseases due to Kapha) and other Santarpanajanya Vyadhi (diseases brought on by over nutrition of one or more tissues). When it comes to Vataja Roga (diseases caused by Vata), millets should be avoided as they exacerbate the ailment. Conclusion: It has been stated in Ayurveda classics that being thin is preferable to being obese, and the Laghu (lightness), Lekhaniya (therapeutic scrapping) property of millets, with low glycemic content and the added benefit of long-term satiety, making it an excellent choice as a Ayurvedic Nutritional Medicine. Additionally, it is Ruksha (dry) with Lekhana (therapeutic scrapping) and Kledashoshana (dries up excess moisture) actions which makes it effective for treating Santapanajanya Vyadhi (diseases brought on by over nutrition of one or more tissues), such as Prameha (excessive urination), Sthaulya (obesity) etc.

Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation With versus Without Mirabegron: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

To compare change in urgency urinary incontinence episodes (UUIEs) in women undergoing posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) plus mirabegron versus PTNS plus placebo for the treatment of refractory urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). The primary hypothesis was that combination therapy is superior to monotherapy. A randomized controlled trial was performed in individuals identifying as female aged ≥ 18 years with UUI symptoms refractory to second-line treatment or who could not tolerate antimuscarinic medications. Both participants and providers were blinded to medication treatment allocation. Participants were randomized (1:1) to PTNS plus mirabegron or PTNS plus placebo. Participants completed a 3-day bladder diary prior to and after 12-week treatment. Validated symptom distress and impact questionnaires were obtained pre- and post-treatment. The primary outcome was change in mean number of UUIEs on a 3-day bladder diary pre- versus post-treatment between arms. Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed via sample t tests. Fifty-four subjects were randomized, mean ± SD baseline age 56.2±15.6 years and body mass index 35.0±9.4 (kg/m2); no differences were noted in any clinical-demographic characteristics. There was a significant difference between arms in mean pre- to post-treatment UUIEs, 9.4±3.9, mirabegron versus 5.3±5.5, placebo (p=0.007). Significant differences were found pre- compared with post-treatment in urinary frequency, Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form Symptom Bother and Symptom Health-Related Quality of Life scores. In subjects undergoing PTNS treatment for refractory UUI and OAB-wet symptoms, the addition of a β-3 agonist produced significant improvement in both objective and subjective overactive bladder symptom outcomes compared with PTNS plus placebo.

A Comprehensive Review on Pesticide Residues in Human Urine.

Numerous studies worldwide have evaluated pesticide residues detected in urine. This review serves as a contribution to this field by presenting an overview of scientific research studies published from 2001 to 2023, including details of study characteristics and research scope. Encompassing 72 papers, the review further delves into addressing key challenges in study design and method used such as sampling and analytical approaches, results adjustments, risk assessment, estimations, and results evaluation. The review explores urinary concentrations and detection frequency of metabolites of organophosphates and pyrethroids, as well as herbicides such as 2,4-D and glyphosate and their metabolites, across various studies. The association of the results with demographic and lifestyle variables were explored. While farmers generally have higher pesticide exposure, adopting organic farming practices can reduce the levels of pesticides detected in their urine. Residence close to agricultural areas has shown high exposure in some cases. Dietary exposure is especially high among people adopting a conventionally grown plant-rich dietary pattern. A higher detection level and frequency of detection are generally found in females and children compared to males. The implications of transitioning to organic and sustainable plant-rich diets for reducing pesticide exposure and potential health benefits for both adults and children require further investigation.

Elucidation of the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome via experimental autoimmune cystitis rat model.

Although the cause of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) remains unknown, autoimmune involvement has been strongly suggested to be a contributing factor. To elucidate the pathophysiology of IC/PBS, we characterized the experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC) in rats. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the EAC and control groups. The EAC rats were generated by administrating a homogenate of donor rat bladder tissue as a bladder antigen. The characteristics of the two groups were determined by evaluating pain behavior and conducting cystometry, histopathology, and molecular analyses. The EAC rats showed: 1) a decreased paw withdrawal threshold, 2) a reduced intercontraction interval on cystometry, 3) the irregular surfaces of the umbrella cells of epithelium throughout the bladder wall, 4) accumulation of stress granules in the bladder and vascular endothelium, 5)the increased expression of genes related to inflammation and ischemia at the mRNA and protein levels, 6) a significantly increased paw withdrawal threshold with pain treatment, and 7) the induction of glomerulation of the bladder wall, epithelium denudation, and lymphocyte infiltration in the interstitium by bladder distension. These results suggest that the EAC rats showed pain and frequent urination with the overexpression of inflammatory chemokines, reflecting clinical IC/BPS, and the bladder epithelium and vascular endothelium may be the primary sites of IC/BPS, and bladder injury, such as bladder distension, can cause progression from BPS to IC with Hunner lesions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The experimental autoimmune cystitis model rats showed pain and frequent urination with the overexpression of inflammatory chemokines, reflecting clinical interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS), and the bladder epithelium and vascular endothelium may be the primary sites of IC/BPS, and bladder injury, such as bladder distension, can cause progression from BPS to IC with Hunner lesions.

THE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS FUNCTION WAS IMPLEMENTED TO PREDICT THE PRESENCE OF DIABETES

Diabetes is a condition blood sugar concentrations are high and there is something wrong with insulin inside the body. A hormone called insulin controls the equilibrium of blood sugar concentration in humans. Diabetes has high-risk health, such as CKD, CVD, skin disease or even blindness. The reason people suffer from diabetes is caused of bad consumption habits. Some symptoms of diabetes are frequent urination and feeling hungry too quickly. Diabetes is sometimes difficult to diagnose, which is why it is also referred to as the silent killer. A preventive way is an early prediction of diabetes disease. This is very important to do. In this study, the discriminant analysis algorithm is used along with machine learning techniques. In this study, machine learning techniques are used. Its name is discriminant analysis algorithm. Two popular versions are linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). This method is used because it is suitable for high-dimensional data and the discriminant analysis algorithm has minimal parameters. The discriminant analysis algorithm uses few parameters and this method appropriate for high-dimensional data. We'll compare the two approaches to find a way to demonstrate their dependability. Both approaches would be contrasted. Based on the result, QDA has the best performance. QDA can produce accuracy = 93.7%, TPR = 93.7%, precision = 94.3%, recall = 93.7% and F-measure = 93.9%. FPR of QDA is the lowest one, it is 1.02%. It means QDA has a small error in making predictions. Overall, based on the result QDA is the proven and proper method for detecting diabetes disease

Long term safety, continuation rates and subjective and objective success of Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Overactive Bladder

Introduction:Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is currently offered to patients with refractory overactive bladder (OAB). We aim to evaluate the efficacy, safety and long-term continuation of PTNS over 11 years. Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study on all patients who underwent PTNS from 2012 to 2023. The primary outcomes were change in urinary frequency over 24 hours, maximum voided volume (MVV), number of episodes of urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and patient perception of intensity of urgency scale (PPIUS). Results:We identified 81 patients. 83% of patients completed 12 treatments of PTNS, and 54% of those that did not complete their full course of treatment stated that this was due to inefficacy. 33% of patients underwent PTNS ‘top ups’ as needed. Only 1 patient reported an adverse effect of musculoskeletal leg pain.28% of patients reported a subjective improvement of their symptoms by 50% or more. There was an average reduction in daytime frequency by 0.6 episodes (p = 0.033), an increase in MVV by 13mls (p = 0.927), a reduction in UUI episodes each day by 0.7 (p = 0.008) and a reduction in average PPIUS by 0.4 (p = 0.024). Conclusion:PTNS remains a safe treatment option for patients with refractory OAB with evidence of both subjective and objective improvement to most symptoms. The majority of our patients completed a 12-week cycle but only 1 in 3 chose to have further PTNS ‘top ups’ and only 1 in 5 are continuing with PTNS for long term management of their OAB.

Beneficial effects of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) fruit extract on the urinary symptoms of healthy Japanese adults with possible lower urinary tract symptoms: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Saw palmetto extract (SPE) is the most commonly used supplement for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), but most evidence is for those with LUTS, and little data is verifying its effectiveness for those who do not have the disease but are troubled by symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of SPE on the improvement of urinary frequency problems that present stress due to urinary urgency in daily life, among healthy Japanese adults aged ≥50 years who are not diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia or overactive bladder. They were randomly assigned to the SPE group or placebo group (34 participants per group) using a computerized random number generator. Each participant was instructed to take one capsule containing SPE (320 mg) or placebo every day for 12 weeks. Subjective symptoms were assessed using the overactive bladder questionnaire, and the score of symptom bother by frequent urination during the daytime hours was set as the primary outcome. The other outcomes were subjective urinary symptoms and urinary frequencies. The final efficacy analysis dataset was per protocol set, and 33 participants in each group were analyzed. After SPE intervention for 12 weeks, the score of symptom bother by frequent urination during the daytime hours was significantly improved and the daytime frequency of urination assessed using the urinary log was significantly decreased. The consumption of SPE improved urinary frequency-related quality of life such as bother of urinary symptoms in healthy Japanese adults (UMIN000045334).

Multicentric Castleman disease presenting with frequent urination.

Multicentric Castleman disease presenting with frequent urination.

Effects of long-term desmopressin treatment for nocturia in older people.

Desmopressin improves nocturia frequency; however, reports on its long-term efficacy and safety are few, and concerns regarding its effect on body composition exist. We thus investigated the efficacy and safety of long-term desmopressin administration and its effect on body composition. This retrospective study, conducted at Chikugo City Hospital between August 2020 and December 2022, involved 133 men (mean age, 77.7 years) with nocturnal and persistent nocturia, who were administered an initial dose of 50 μg desmopressin. Efficacy endpoints included nocturnal urinary frequency, nocturnal urinary volume, hours of undisturbed sleep, nocturnal polyuria index, initial nocturnal urinary volume, and daily urinary frequency in a frequency-volume chart (3 days), before treatment and at 1, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks after desmopressin administration. Additionally, the effects of desmopressin on body composition were examined, including blood-brain natriuretic peptide and a chest radiography, before and 52 weeks after administration. Treatment improved most efficacy endpoint evaluation parameters. Around 87.6% of patients showed improved symptoms after 52 weeks compared with those before treatment (score ≤ 3). The blood-brain natriuretic peptide level rose; however, cardiothoracic ratio was unchanged. Long-term administration of desmopressin is thus effective and safe in older people with nocturnal polyuria, with little effect on body composition.

Cellular and Molecular Aspect of Bladder Pain Syndrome: An Entry Point to Exploration of Its Pathogenesis

<i>Background:</i> Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) can cause pelvic pain, frequent urination, and a strong urge to urinate. These symptoms can significantly reduce quality of life, causing psychological distress, sexual dysfunction, poor sleep quality, decreased work productivity, and increased morbidity. Despite the prevalence of this condition, determining the most effective treatment guidelines for BPS/IC remains a challenge due to the complexity of its pathogenesis. <i>Objective:</i> Understanding cellular and molecular aspects is essential to explore different cell types in changes in function and sensitivity of the urothelial layer and chronic inflammation. <i>Main Ideas:</i> Cellular aspects in the pathogenesis of BPS/IC include Umbrella Cells, Basal and Intermediate Cells, Paraneuron Cells, Myofibroblasts and Telocytes, Detrusor Smooth Muscle Cells, Nerve Cells, Astrocytes, Microglia, CD68+ Macrophages, CD74+ Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, and Mast Cells. Disruption of these cells leads to altered urothelial barrier function, sensitivity, and chronic inflammation. Molecular aspects include chronic inflammation with increases in p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain-Derived Neurothropic Peptide (BDNF), and other molecules. <i>Conclusion:</i> Changes in the urothelial barrier and bladder wall sensitivity are also significant. Complex interactions between the immune and nervous systems contribute to chronic inflammation through positive feedback. Therefore, this article aims to understand the cellular and molecular aspects that play a role in the pathogenesis of BPS/IC and help provide appropriate treatment.

Genital Pain and the Spectrum of Bladder-Related Symptoms: Findings from the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Research Consortium RISE FOR HEALTH Study, USA.

Women with vulvovaginal or genital pain more commonly experience interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and urinary tract infections. However, the relationship between genital pain and bladder health is lacking. Women in the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Consortium's RISE FOR HEALTH population-based study answered questions about bladder health globally, and across nine bladder health domains of holding, efficacy, social-occupation, physical activity, intimacy, travel, emotion, perception, and freedom. Bladder function was assessed across six indices including urinary frequency, sensation, continence, comfort, emptying, and dysbiosis (e.g., urinary tract infections). Participants were grouped by no pain beyond transitory events (i.e., minor headaches, toothaches, or sprains), nongenital-related pain only, and any genital pain using a validated pain diagram. Mean adjusted scores and indices were compared using general linear modelling. Of 1,973 eligible women, 250 (12.7%) reported genital pain, 609 (30.9%) reported nongenital pain only, and 1,114 (56.5%) reported no pain. Women with any genital pain had lower (worse) adjusted mean scores across all bladder health scales (BHS; BHS global adjusted mean 47.5; 95% CI 40.8-54.1), compared with those with nongenital pain only (53.7; 95% CI 47.6-59.8), and no pain (59.3; 95% CI 53.3-65.4). Similarly, adjusted mean total Bladder Functional Index scores were lower for those with genital pain (63.1; 95% CI 58.4-67.9) compared with nongenital pain (72.1; 95% CI 67.7-76.5) and no pain (77.4; 95% CI 73.0-81.8). Heightened awareness of the relationship between genital pain and bladder health should prompt clinicians caring for women with genital pain to assess bladder health and function.

A high salt diet impairs the bladder epithelial barrier and activates the NLRP3 and NF‑κB signaling pathways to induce an overactive bladder in vivo.

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a condition characterized by an urgency to urinate, which is associated with the urodynamic observation of detrusor overexcitation. Although the etiology of OAB is currently unclear, it has been suggested that in patients with OAB, disruption of bladder epithelial barrier integrity can disturb the normal contractile function of the detrusor. Additionally, dietary preferences have been suggested to influence the severity of OAB. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a high salt diet (HSD) on the development of OAB in a murine model. Mice were fed either a HSD or standard diet for 8 weeks, following which voiding characteristics and bladder barrier function were assessed. The present study demonstrated that a HSD in mice was associated with OAB-like symptoms such as increased urinary frequency and non-voiding bladder contractions. The HSD group demonstrated a thinner bladder mucus layer and decreased expression of bladder barrier markers, tight junction protein-1 and claudin-1, which may be potentially indicative of induced bladder damage. A HSD for 8 weeks in mice and a high salt treatment at the uroepithelium cellular (SV-HUC-1s) level resulted in increased uroepithelial oxidative stress and inflammatory cell infiltration, as indicated by increased expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as activation of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-containing family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and NF-κB signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the present study indicated that a HSD could be a potentially important risk factor for the development of OAB, as it may be associated with overactivation of contractile function of the bladder by impairing the integrity of the bladder epithelial barrier and activation of the NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Remodeling of the bladder barrier and reduction of the inflammatory response may be potential targets for the treatment of OAB in the future.

Asuhan Keperawatan pada Lansia Wanita dengan Penerapan Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise terhadap Frekuensi Berkemih

In old age, physiologically the body's cells can decline, resulting in decreased body function and endurance. One example is the urinary system which will affect changes or instability in the function of the urinary tract, so that the elderly will experience abnormal urination patterns. The management that can be carried out as an effort to restore the function of the urinary tract, especially the frequency of urination, is pelvic floor muscle exercise. Can analyze gerontic nursing care in the elderly to control decreased urinary tract function. This case study uses a descriptive method with a nursing process approach which was carried out on 3 patients using a one group pretest posttest research design. There was a change in the frequency of urination in the three respondents who had implemented pelvic floor muscle exercises. It is hoped that this nursing care report can become a reference in gerontic nursing care for the elderly with decreased urinary tract function.

Controversy between biopsy and risk in children with proteinuria: is there a paradigm war?

BackgroundProteinuria is a prevalent symptom of pediatric nephrology, while kidney biopsy remains the gold standard for kidney tissue analysis, and it is currently controversial. We report the rare case that the mutation in the AMN gene was considered to cause chronically isolated proteinuria and also suggest that renal biopsy should be chosen with caution in children with chronic isolated non-nephrotic levels of proteinuria and that genetic testing may be feasible for the early precise diagnosis.Case presentationA 35-month-old boy presented with excessive urine foaming for more than half a month; his proteinuria was considered non-nephrotic range and urine protein electrophoresis was suggestive of mixed proteinuria; other than that, the investigations are non-specific. Given the child’s chronic isolated proteinuria and good renal function, we chose to refine the genetic test rather than a renal biopsy; a compound heterozygous variant was found in the AMN gene of this child which was caused by a point mutation in the father, and a partial chromosomal deletion in the mother.ConclusionsCubilin(encoded by CUBN), amnionless(encoded by AMN), and megalin form a multiligand receptor complex; CUBN or AMN gene variants have been implicated as a hereditary cause of megaloblastic anemia, proteinuria, and neurological impairment. In the past few decades, chronic isolated proteinuria caused by CUBN gene variants is benign, non-progressive, and has normal renal function. However, the child is the first reported case of isolated proteinuria of AMN gene mutation, indicating that the earlier diagnostic genetic sequencing in an otherwise well, not nephrotic proteinuria child may be a convenient, cost-effective, and harmless option, challenging the traditional paradigm.

Understanding Effect of Ayurvedic Treatment in Prameha (Diabetes Mellitus) and its Upadrava (Complications)

Prameha is a syndrome described in the ancient Ayurvedic texts that includes clinical conditions involving metabolic syndrome and is said to be a Santarapanajanya Vyadhi. Prameha literary means anomalies of urinary secretions. On the basis of clinical features of Prameha, it correlates with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic cum vascular syndrome of multiple etiologies characterised by chronic hyperglycemia. The disease Prameha can be understood as having three stages based on the severity of Dhatudusti. With the Dushti of all Dhatus, Upadrava of Prameha are manifested. Case: Present case study deals with a female patient 49 years old suffering from increased frequency of micturition during night and Parshvashool with coughing from 3 years. On taking a detailed history it was found that, it was Upadrava of Prameha. Treatment protocol: Patient was given Pradhamana Nasyam with Pippali Churna after proper intervention of Snehana and Nadi Swedan on chest, supraclvicular region, and Kati Pradesh on empty stomach in the early morning. After that a freshly prepared Kwatha about 50ml of Kalmegh Churna, Punarnavamool, Giloy and Shunthi was given at BD dose. And the same drugs were used for Lepan on Kati Pradesh. Results: Parshvashool and coughing was completely cured, BSF and PPBS came to its normal range, creatinine level decreased and there was a significant reduction in fatty liver. Conclusion: With proper therapy, drug intervention, diet control and exercise Prameha and its Upadrava can be managed successfully.

The efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody therapies for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody therapies (MATs) for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). A systematic search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Embase, clinicalTrial.gov, and the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing MATs versus placebo were included. Primary outcomes comprised the Global Response Assessment (GRA) scale and the O'Leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index (ICSI). Additional analyses encompassed mean daily frequency of voids, the O'Leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index, pain scores, and complications. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3. Five high-quality RCTs, comprising 263 patients with IC/BPS, were ultimately selected. MATs were generally effective in treating IC/BPS. Patients receiving MATs exhibited a higher satisfaction rate (odds ratio [OR]: 2.7, confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-5.58, p = 0.007) and lower ICSI scores (mean difference [MD]: -1.44, CI: -2.36 to -0.52, p = 0.002). Moreover, MAT recipients experienced reduced pain (MD: -0.53, CI: -0.79 to -0.26, p < 0.0001) and decreased frequency of urination (MD: -1.91, CI: -2.55 to -1.27, p < 0.00001). Importantly, there were no disparities regarding complication incidence in the MAT and control groups. The current findings indicate that MATs are effective and safe for treating IC/BPS. Nonetheless, future RCTs with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up are warranted.

Reproductive Performance of Estrus Pattern in Bachaur Cows of Bihar

Background: The Bachaur is a medium sized draft purpose breed mostly present in Madhubani, Darbhanga and Sitamarhi districts of Bihar and presently the breed is at the verge of extinction. Since no data is presently available regarding the estrus pattern in these cows therefore, present study was designed to document the oestrus intensity, estrus cycle length, estrus behaviour and duration of estrus in these animals. Methods: The total of nine healthy breeding Bachaur cows aged 3 to 5 years were maintained under identical managemental conditions.The estrous cycles of nine animals was synchronized using Cloprostenol Sodium @ 500 mg I/M (Pragma®, Intas, India) in cycling Bachaur cows. Estrus was detected in the morning and evening for external signs of estrus, estrus behavior, intensity of estrus, estrus duration and estrous cycle length. Result: In the present study, mounting or mounted by other animals was observed in more than 70% and sniffing, tried to lick and Flehmen’s reaction was observed in about 66.67% of treated cows. The other parameters like bellowing, restlessness, milk yield reduction, frequent micturition and Flehmen’s reaction were recorded in 44.44%, 55.56%, 44.44%, 55.56% and 66.67%, of animals, respectively. The most appreciable physical sign of estrus recorded was intense swelling of vulva (in 88.89%) however hyperaemia of vulva, copious estrual mucous discharge, pronounced tonicity of uterus, completely dilated os cervix and presence of large palpable follicle on the ovary was observed in 44.44%, 55.56%, 66.67%, 77.78% and 66.67%, of cows respectively.

Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Oxytocin Massage And Marmet Technique In Increasing Breast Milk Production In Postpartum Mothers: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Research Metodes: The research employ a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach. The sample consist of 60 pospartum mothers divided two group: the oxytocin massage group (n=30) and the marmet technique group (n=30). The intervention was conducted over 14 days, and breast milk production was measured using indicators of infant weight gain and urination frequency Results: It showed that both techniques are effective in increasing breast milk production; however, oxytocin massage demonstrates a more significant improvement (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, oxytocin massage can be recommended as a primary intervention to enhance breast milk production in postpartum mothers.

An unexpected case of an adnexal hydatid cyst in a pregnant woman: a case report

BackgroundCystic echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease, is a chronic and endemic illness caused by infection with a parasite called Echinococcus granulosus. In Romania, this disease has an incidence rate of 5.6 per 100,000 individuals, which is the highest in the Dobrogea region. The liver is the most affected site, accounting for 68.8% of cases, followed by the lungs at 17.2%. While cases of hydatid disease in the genital organs are rare, occurring at an incidence rate of only 0.5%, it is worth noting that cases of this disease in pregnancy worldwide are also rare, occurring at an incidence rate of 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 30,000 pregnancies.Case reportA 15-year-old Eastern-European woman who was 12 weeks pregnant presented to the emergency room with acute pelvic pain, dysuria, and frequent urination. Her laboratory tests showed that she had a urinary tract infection, and pelvic ultrasound revealed that she had a mass on her right adnexa. Despite receiving treatment, her symptoms did not improve, and she had to undergo surgery to remove the mass, which turned out to be a hydatic cyst. She also had to undergo a cesarean section to deliver her baby owing to fetal distress during labor.ConclusionsThis medical case report provides a detailed description of a pelvic hydatid cyst that was discovered during pregnancy. What makes this case particularly noteworthy is the cyst’s unusual location—it was found at the level of the right broad ligament of the uterus. Despite the complexity of the situation, the patient was able to receive effective treatment and the cyst was successfully managed with great outcomes for both the patient and the newborn. We hope that this report serves as a valuable example of how medical professionals can navigate challenging cases and provide optimal care for their patients.