Frequency Of Fungi Research Articles

Antigen characterization of major cork moulds in Suberosis (cork worker's pneumonitis) by immunoblotting.

We characterized by immunoblotting the antigenicity of the most frequent fungi colonizing cork during its industrial processing, Penicillium glabrum and Chrysonilia sitophila. Penicillium glabrum is the main causative agent of Suberosis, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis of cork workers. Chrysonilia sitophila induces both IgE sensitization and occupational asthma in the wood processing industry. Serum-specific IgG, IgG4 and IgE to P. glabrum and C. sitophila from nine cork workers with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and seven with asthma (four with occupational asthma) were analysed by immunoblotting. Both HP and asthmatic patients' sera showed immunoreactivity to several proteins resolved in the specific immunoblot strips. The frequency of specific IgG recognition to 12-13.5 and 33 kDa proteins of P. glabrum was significantly higher in HP patients. The sera of HP patients had significantly higher specific IgG recognition to 16 and 51-55 kDa proteins of C. sitophila. There was no specific IgE recognition in the sera of HP or asthmatic patients to both fungi. Different patterns of antibody reactivity to P. glabrum and C. sitophila are seen in cork workers with hypersensitivity pneumonitis or asthma. The 12-13.5 and 33 kDa proteins of P. glabrum and the 16 and 51-55 kDa proteins of C. sitophila may be major antigens in Suberosis.

Epidemiology of Nosocomial Pneumonia in Infants After Cardiac Surgery

The pattern of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in infants in a pediatric surgical ICU after cardiac surgery may differ from that seen in adult ICUs. The primary aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of NP in infants after cardiac surgery and, secondarily, to describe the changes of the distribution and antibiotic resistance of the pathogen during the last 3 years. Data were collected between June 1999 and June 2002 from 311 consecutive infants who underwent open-heart surgery in our hospital. We retrospectively analyzed the distribution and antibiotic resistance pattern of all the pathogenic microbial isolates cultured from lower respiratory tract aspirations. Of 311 infants, 67 patients (21.5%) acquired NP after cardiac surgery. The incidence of NP was more frequently associated with complex congenital heart defect (CHD) compared to simple CHD (43% vs 15.9%, chi(2) = 22.47, p < 0.0001). The proportion of late-onset NP was higher in patients with complex CHD (chi(2) = 6.02, p = 0.014). A total of 79 pathogenic microbial strains were isolated. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were the most frequent isolates (68 isolates, 86.1%), followed by fungi (6 isolates, 7.6%) and Gram-positive cocci (5 isolates, 6.3%). The main GNB were Acinetobacter baumanii (11 isolates, 13.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10 isolates, 12.7%); other commonly seen GNB were Flavobacterium meningosepticum (7 isolates, 8.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7 isolates, 8.9%), Escherichia coli (6 isolates, 7.6%), and Xanthomonas maltophilia (5 isolates, 6.2%). The most commonly seen Gram-positive cocci were Staphylococcus aureus (2 isolates, 2.5%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2 isolates, 2.5%). The frequent fungi were Candida albicans (5 isolates, 6.3%). Most GNB were sensitive to cefoperazone-sulbactum, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin. The bacteria producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases were mainly from K pneumoniae and E coli; the susceptibility of ESBL-producing strains to imipenem was 100%. There were one case of methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and 1 case of methicillin-resistant S epidermidis; their susceptibility to vancomycin, gentamycin, and ciprofloxacin were 100%. From 1999 to 2002 in infants with NP after open-heart surgery, there was a trend of increasing frequency of multiresistant GNB such as A baumanii, P aeruginosa, and K pneumoniae. However, no remarkable changes of distribution were found in Gram-positive cocci and fungi in the 3-year period. Early onset episodes of NP were frequently caused by Haemophilus influenzae, methicillin-sensitive S aureus, and other susceptible Enterobacteriaceae. Conversely, in patients who acquired late-onset NP, P aeruginosa, A baumannii, other multiresistant GNB, MRSA, and fungi were the predominant organisms. The pattern of pathogens and their antibiotic-resistance patterns in NP in infants after cardiac surgery had not shown an increasing prevalence of Gram-positive pathogens as reported by several adult ICUs. GNB still remained the most common pathogens during the last 3 years in our hospital. There was a trend of increasing antibiotic resistance in these isolates.

Entomopathogenic fungi in soils from Alicante province [Spain

We have used Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae as a bait for detecting insect pathogens in soils from Alicante(SE Spain). Soil from 61 sites was collected including agricultural fields, forests and a mediterranean shrub(Nerium oleander L.) growing under natural or garden environments. The most frequently insect pathogens found werefungi (32.8% soils), being Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill (21% soils) the species most abundant. Metarhiziumanisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok (6.4%) and Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm.) Gams [= Verticillium lecanii Zimm.] (4.8%)were less frequent. B. bassiana also scored the highest infection percentage in a single soil sample (ca. 90% of insectsinfected), and was also the most frequent (77.8%) entomopathogenic fungus detected in soils under N. oleander.

Invasive aspergillosis in solid-organ transplantation: report of eight cases and review of the literature

Abstract Invasive fungal infections are life-threatening complications in solid-organ transplantation. Although the rate of fungal infections in transplant recipients is lower than that of other infections, the mortality rate is higher. The most frequent fungi isolated from these kinds of infections are Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and laboratory findings in eight patients who were treated for invasive aspergillosis (IA) at our center. This report describes these cases and discusses the relevant literature.

Invasive aspergillosis in solid-organ transplantation: report of eight cases and review of the literature.

Invasive fungal infections are life-threatening complications in solid-organ transplantation. Although the rate of fungal infections in transplant recipients is lower than that of other infections, the mortality rate is higher. The most frequent fungi isolated from these kinds of infections are Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and laboratory findings in eight patients who were treated for invasive aspergillosis (IA) at our center. This report describes these cases and discusses the relevant literature.

Fungus ball pieloureteral en pacientes con litiasis urinaria. Tratamiento con ureterorrenoscopia

IntroductionC. albicans is the most frequent fungus causing opportunist infections of the urinary tract. Agglutination of necrotic tissue nucleus (papilar necrosis), mucosus debri and chirurgic or lithiasic debri, originates a fungus ball, which can obstruct the urinary tract at any level. Clinical DataWe present 2 patients with obstructive urinary lithiasis developing fungus ball in the dilated upper urinary tract. Patient 1 was bilaterally affected and never had systemic symptoms. Treatment consisted of uretherorrenoscope for removal of fungus ball, bilateral urinary diversion and anphotericine B irrigations and systemic. Patient 2 developed a candidemia and was treated with systemic liposomal anphotericine B, uretherorrenoscopy with removal of ureteric calculus and fungus ball, and placement of a double J catheter and nephrostomy tube for anphotericine B irrigation. DiscussionUrinary lithiasis is a risk factor for fungal infection of the upper urinary tract, provided there is no other predisponent factor for opportunistic fungal infections. Calculi facilitates fungal growth by means of obstruction and subsequent retrograde estasis and creating a nucleus for growth, aggregation and ramification of mycelium. The infection pathway is probably ascendent and may turn into fungemia and septicaemia. Systemic antimicotics, urinary diversion and local irrigations with antimicotics, and endourologic technics, are the three basic items in the treatment. Ureterorrenoscopy plays an important roll as a diagnostic and terapeutic tool as it may solve the obstruction and allows removal of fungus ball.

The microfungal community of Lumbricus terrestris middens in a linden (Tilia cordata) forest

Large anecic earthworms Lumbricus terrestris create distinctive microhabitats called middens, which strongly affect the spatial distribution of litter and litter-dwelling animals on the soil surface. The community of filamentous microscopic fungi was analysed in L. terrestris middens and control samples using the washing and plating technique. Four substrates were analysed: mineral soil, control litter, litter from L. terrestris middens, and L. terrestris casts from the middens. The composition of microfungal communities in studied substrates was compared using multidimensional scaling and discriminant analysis. No difference was found between dominance structure of fungal communities in control litter and litter from earthworm middens. In both types of litter the most frequent fungi were Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum and C. cladosporioides. In contrast, the fungal community in L. terrestris casts strongly differed from those in soil and both litter types (P<0.05). The casts harboured the most diverse community (61 taxa isolated) comprising both soil- and litter-associated fungi. However, the cast community was dominated by Trichosporiella hyalina, Humicola grisea and Monilia sp., which were much less abundant in soil and litter. It is concluded that at a given spatial scale the feeding activity of L. terrestris has a larger impact on the community of filamentous fungi in the litter layer than the creation of favourable microhabitats for specialized fungivorous animals like collembolans.

Causative agents of nosocomial mycoses

In the last few years mycoses have been caused by fungi formerly considered to be harmless for humans. They cause diseases of plants and insects; some of them are also used in the industry. They are now usually called "emerging fungi". We investigated this flora with respect to their potential to cause infections in hospitals. These fungi are present in the air, on medical objects and instrumentation, in the respiratory tract and on the hands of hospital staff; other sources have been identified in the use of iatrogenic methods. Mycotic diseases, their risk factors, their clinical pictures, and spectra of agents were analyzed in 1990-2000; the results were compared with data in the literature. Transplantations were the most frequent risk factors, fungemia and abscess the most frequent clinical picture and filamentous fungi (genera Absidia, Acremonium, Alternaria, Apophysomyces, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladophialophora, Cunninghamella, Exserohilum, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Chrysosporium, Lecythophora, Ochroconis, Paecilomyces, Pythium, Rhizopus, Scedosporium, Scopulariopsis) were the most frequent agents of nosocomial infections. These filamentous fungi and also some yeasts (genera Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon) bring about different clinical syndromes in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients.

Qualidade sanitária e produção de aldeídos totais em sementes de soja sem lipoxigenases

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da eliminação genética das lipoxigenases das sementes de quatro variedades de soja, na qualidade sanitária e produção de aldeídos das sementes colhidas em diferentes períodos. Para isso, sementes das variedades CAC1, DokoRC, UFV16 e Cristalina e suas respectivas linhagens com ausência das três lipoxigenases, denominadas triplo-nulas, foram multiplicadas no campo e colhidas no estádio R8 e 15, 30 e 45 dias depois. As sementes foram submetidas ao teste de sanidade (blotter) e à análise de aldeídos totais, pelo método do MBTH. Os dados permitiram concluir que os fungos mais freqüentes foram Fusarium spp., Phomopsis spp. e Cercospora kikuchii, sendo que a freqüência do total de fungos aumentou com o retardamento da colheita. A produção de aldeídos aumentou com o retardamento da colheita, nas sementes dos materiais Cristalina com e sem lox, CAC-1 com lox e Doko RC sem lox, enquanto nas sementes dos demais materiais, a produção de aldeídos foi mínima em todas as épocas de colheita. Não houve efeito da eliminação genética das lipoxigenases das sementes sobre a incidência de fungos ou a produção de aldeídos.

Ringworm Infection of Cattle and Horses in Jordan

Al-Ani F. K., F. A. Younes, O. F. Al-Rawashdeh: Ringworm Infection in Cattle and Horses in Jordan. Acta Vet. Brno 2002:71: 55-60. Isolates of Trichophyton and Microsporum species are common important animal pathogens capable of causing dermatophytosis. In this report, isolation and identification of fungi causing ringworm in cattle and horses in Jordan were undertaken. Ten dairy farms and two large maintenance stables of horses located in different parts of Jordan with a history of cutaneous lesions were chosen for the present study. A complete clinical examination of 375 calves and 316 horses was performed. Skin samples were taken by scraping from 57 calves and 28 horses. Each sample was subjected to direct microscopic examination and cultured on mycobiotic agar (DIFCO) at 28 °C for 2-6 weeks. Affected calves were treated by a locally prepared ointment containing salicylic acid, benzoic acid, sulfur and iodine in 100 g vaseline. Recovery rate following treatment was monitored. Results revealed that 30.6% and 18% of infected calves and horses had clinical lesions of ringworm, respectively. Most of the lesions observed on the affected calves were alopecia and/or circumscribed grayish-white, crusty, raised lesions. These lesions commonly affected the head, neck, dewlap, and chest area. Trichophyton species and Microsporum species were the most commonly isolated fungi, with a prevalence rate of 69.01% and 8.46%, respectively. All treated calves responded to topical treatment within one month. In horses, lesions were seen as round patches of 3-5 cm in diameter as raised hair and soreness spreading on the axillary girth, trunk and over the rump. Microsporum equinumand T. equinum were the most frequent fungi isolated with an incidence of 40% and 24%, respectively.

Frequency of occurrence of mangrove fungi from the east coast of India

This paper describes the frequency of occurrence and biodiversity of fungi from mangroves of the Godavari and Krishna deltas, on the east coast of India. Seventy three species were identified from Godavari and 67 from the Krishna mangroves. Fifty five species were common to both sites, 18 were found only at Godavari and 12 at Krishna mangroves. Verruculina enaliawas found to be very frequent at both sites with a higher frequency of occurrence at Godavari. Eutypa bathurstensis was very frequent at Godavari but only frequent at Krishna. Cirrenalia pygmea and Cryptosphaeria mangrovei were frequent at the Godavari mangrove, but were recorded occasionally at Krishna. Decaying samples of Rhizophora and Avicennia were studied in detail. Forty three species were common to both hosts, while 22 species were recorded only from Avicennia and 20 only from Rhizophora. Verruculina enalia was the only very frequent fungus recorded on both hosts with a lower percentage occurrence (14.8%) on R. apiculata as compared to Avicennia spp. (24.3%). Eutypa bathurstensis was the next most frequent fungus on Avicennia, while Rhizophila marina was next most frequent on Rhizophora. Dactylospora haliotrepha which was recorded frequently on Rhizophorawas infrequent on Avicennia.

Hair and scalp mycobiota in school children in Nablus area.

Hair and scalp mycobiota of 1389 clinically normal children aged 6-12 years attending 12 schools in the Nablus District, Palestinian Authority, was assessed on three occasions over 8-month period (October 1998-May 1999) using the hair brush technique. One hundred and one fungal species belonging to 33 genera were recovered: 6 dermatophytes, 16 dermatophyte-like keratinophilic fungi, and 79 other keratinophilic fungal species. Species varied considerably in their frequency of occurrence and abundance based on their relative importance values (RIVs). The most frequent and abundant species were: Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cl. herbarum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Aphanoascus fulvescence and Chrysosporum sulfureum were the most frequent and abundant species of all dermatophytes and dermatophyte-like keratinophilic fungi recovered. The most frequent and abundant dermatophytes in different communities were M. canis in rural (RIV 0.87) and urban children (0.45), and Trichophyton violaceum (1.41) in refugee camp children. Chrysosporium species were the most frequent and abundant dermatophyte-like keratinophilic fungus in children from all localities followed by Aphanoascus fulvescence. Comparable results on the frequency and abundance of human hair and scalp mycobiota component fungi were obtained based on age group and sex of children. Higher number of species was recovered in spring months (73 species) than in autumn (57) and winter (44) months. Similar occurrence pattern was also noted for dermatophyte-like keratinophilic species and dermatophytes. Higher percentages of children with moderate (11-50) and heavy (< or = 50) spore loads (7.54 and 0.73, respectively) were found in urban school children community than in rural and refugee camp school children (4.7 and 0.1, respectively). Also significantly higher light (1-10) spore load percentages were found in rural (63.67) and refugee camp (62.9) than in urban children (52.6). Of all localities, school children with light spore load comprised the highest percentage of the children examined (37.4), followed by moderate (6.13), and heavy (0.41) spore load categories. However, children with undetected spore load comprised 36.05% of all children. Spore load distribution did not show clear seasonal variations in the study period. Higher percentages of moderate and heavy spore loads were found in male children (8.72 and 0.69, respectively) than in female children (3.4 and 0.1, respectively). However, higher percentages of undetected (38.3) or light spore loads (58.4) were found in females than in males (34.04 and 56.53, respectively).

Seasonal incidence of airborne fungal allergens in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Aerobiological studies to evaluate allergenic fungal spores in the atmosphere of Riyadh were conducted. Burkard personal volumetric sampler were operated as volumetric 'viable' spore traps at two different sites (Al-Batha, a more developed area in the south and Al-Ulia, a less developed area in the north) in Riyadh. Twice a week samplings were carried out over a period of 12 month. The seasonal fluctuations of the most frequent fungi were plotted as 'major' components. The dominant species at the two sites were members of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium and Ulocladium. Drechslera, Fusarium, Rhizopus and Stachybotrytis species were minor components or sporadic. Seasonal variations of the total colonies were significantly (p < 0.05) different. They showed higher concentrations in the winter season and the lowest in summer. The Al-Batha site was always higher in spore concentrations than the Al-Ulia site. The results provide valuable information for the diagnosis and prophylaxis of allergic diseases due to airborne fungi.

Biosignals from the EA Field, Nigeria

Abstract The EA Field study was undertaken to determine reservoir connectivity across growth faults. In this high subsidence area, conventional biostratigraphy does not have sufficient resolution to provide a production-scale time frame. Consequently, a new tool had to be developed which would provide such accuracy. This new high-resolution correlation tool, Biosignals, is based on the relationship ‘pollen-parent plant-ecology’. Pollen, thus related, have been grouped into ‘vegetation’ zones, which have been logged per well and summarized on saw blade diagrams. Sequences of vegetation zones could be recognized, showing an upward trend from spore dominated, via swamp, rain forest, savanna to montane. A number of potential regional time lines could be recognized: (1) a climate curve; (2) a change from the freshwater alga Pediastrum to the brackish water alga Botryococcus ; and (3) the top of frequent fungi. Based on this study the following conclusions may be drawn: (i) vegetational stacking patterns reflect fourth-order sequence stratigraphy; (ii) Biosignals suggest the tidal channels in well EA-13 to be lowstand deposits, although many of them belong to truncated sequences (only lowstand systems tract (LST) and transgressive systems tract (TST) preserved); (iii) on a third-order scale, the sandy middle part of the sequence (EA-1, 6000–6500 feet) correlates with dry climatic conditions and to low eustatic sea level. The two regionally extensive maximum flooding surfaces correlate with humid climatic intervals and eustatic high sea level; and (iv) the new high-resolution correlation tool provides a detailed biostratigraphical subdivision, within the existing conventional biozonation, and thus enables correlation of reservoir bodies across growth faults.

The fruit-wasp route to toxic nectar in Epipactis orchids?

Summary Wasps pollinating the orchids Epipactis purpurata and E. helleborine become slow and very “sluggish” when drinking these species' nectar which is known to be toxic. We found that the nectar contains six types of fungi and three types of bacteria which arrive by air or by wasps to the flowers. Some of these micro-organisms may be transferred from ripe fuits of other plants also visited by the wasps. One of the nectar-fungi and one of the bacteria produce ethanol in the presence of sugar. Thus to some extent, Epipactis -visiting wasps themselves make their nectar toxic. On average, a micro-organism type was present in 13% of the nectar samples. The most frequent fungus on both fruit, wasps and nectar was the ethanol-producing Cladosporium . Another nectar-fungus Candida was not found on wasps and fruits. A ‘white’ bacteria type was common to fruit, wasps and nectar,whereas a ‘yellow’ type only was present in nectar and fuit. Thus, at least Cladosporium and the ‘white’ bacteria type might often be transported from fruits to nectar by wasps. The importance to the pollination of the orchids of this toxification of their nectar is discussed.

Root-rotting fungi in white spruce, black spruce, and balsam fir in northern Ontario

Fungi associated with root rot in living trees were isolated and identified from 521 white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), 1342 black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), and 1383 balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) ranging in age from 26 to 208 years (at a 30-cm height), in 165 stands across northern Ontario. Trees were pulled out with the winch of a skidder, root decays and stains were measured, and cultures were made from root and butt sections. Armillaria spp., considered in this study to be mostly Armillariaostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, was the most frequently isolated fungus, occurring in 32, 34, and 46% of white spruce, black spruce, and balsam fir, respectively. Inonotustomentosus (Fr.:Fr.) S. Teng, Scytinostromagalactinum (Fr.) Donk, and Coniophoraputeana (Schumach.:Fr.) P. Karst. were next in frequency, in that order. An additional 26 Basidiomycetes were associated with lesser amounts of root rot in the three species. Armillariaostoyae infected, and remained mostly below ground in all three species, averaging less than 0.3 m in height up the stem in living trees, while most of the other major fungi advanced more than 0.5 m up the stem in average infected trees. The frequency of A. ostoyae in white spruce and black spruce increased with tree age to about 90 and 130 years, respectively, then leveled off, probably because of diseased trees falling from the stand. An age relationship was not found with this fungus in balsam fir. The other fungi generally increased in frequency of occurrence with tree age. The only major fungus that attacked living tissues (sapwood) exclusively to any extent was A. ostoyae. Some less frequent fungi such as Resiniciumbicolor (Albertini &amp; Schwein.:Fr.) Parmasto and Serpulahimantioides (Fr.:Fr.) P. Karst. indicated pathogenicity by attacking sapwood initially. Armillariaostoyae infected significantly higher numbers of black spruce and balsam fir growing on dryer sites (soil moisture regimes (SMR) 1–3) than on wet sites (SMR 5–7). The only other fungus apparently related to moisture regime was unknown F, which infected black spruce more on wet than on dry sites. Significantly higher proportions of root and buttwood of all three species were infected with A. ostoyae and I. tomentosus in northwestern Ontario than in northeastern Ontario. Heavy to severe root rot caused tree height or diameter growth reductions when trees were infected by either A. ostoyae or I. tomentosus. An Ascomycete, Ascocorynesarcoides (Jacq.) Groves &amp; D.E. Wilson, was associated with pink or faint brown stains, often near bark seams, in white spruce and black spruce. It was isolated from roots of 20 and 28% of these species, respectively.

Lignicolous fungi of tropical mangrove wood

Thirty species of lignicolous marine fungi were observed on wood collected from Pontian Besar mangrove, Malaysia. The most frequent fungi consisted of Halosarpheia marina, Lulworthia sp., Lignincola laevis and Halosarpheia retorquens .

Variations in tropical airspora in Singapore

Nigrospora spherica was the major component in the airspora of three urban outdoor sites. Less frequent fungi include Alternaria and Cladosporium , and Curvularia which was represented by many species. Daily spore load showed a single peak at 10.00 h, dominated by N. sphaerica . This was replaced by Penicillium lapidosum as the dominant spore type at higher altitudes.

Invasive aspergillosis of the maxilla in an immunocompromised patient

Patients who are immunocompromised have a high susceptibility to infection, which can be fatal. Studies have shown that patients receiving chemotherapeutic and adjunctive medications have inhibited inflammatory response to microbes, particularly those increasing the potential for the development of invasive infection. Aspergillus is a fungus often found in the atmosphere. Colonization of Aspergillus in the upper respiratory tract is common. In the immunocompromised patient, Aspergillus flavus is found to be the most frequent fungus cultured in the maxillary sinus. Because of the depressed immunologic state of the patient, A. flavus can differentiate into hyphal forms producing toxins that destroy epithelial tissues. Penetration of Aspergillus into connective and vascular tissue produces thrombosis and ultimately necrosis of hard and soft tissue.

Keratinophilic fungi and other moulds associated with air-dust particles from Egypt

One-hundred and eleven species and three species varieties belonging to 39 genera were collected from 50 dust samples on the five media used at 28 degrees C. Using the hair-baiting technique with horse hair, 10 species of Chrysosporium were isolated: C. asperatum, C. state of Arthroderma tuberculatum, C. indicum, C. inops, C. keratinophilum, C. merdarium, C. pannorum, C. queenslandicum, C. tropicum and C. xerophilum. True dermatophytes were isolated: Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton sp. Also, numerous fungi tolerating high levels of cycloheximide were encountered, such as members of Acremonium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. On plates of glucose or cellulose Czapek-Dox agar (free from sucrose) the most frequent fungi were: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. flavus var. columnaris, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. sydowii, A. terreus, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium herbarum, Emericella nidulans, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. oxalicum, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Ulocladium atrum. On plates of 50% sucrose or 10 and 20% NaCl-Czapek's agar, some interesting species were frequently encountered: Eurotium amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. halophilicum, E. montevidensis, E. repens, E. rubrum and Scopulariopsis halophilica. The isolated fungi have been tested for osmophilicity and halophilicity, they showed different rates of growth on sucrose and sodium chloride-Czapek's medium of various osmotic potential.