Frequent Flood Disasters Research Articles

RETRACTED: Influence of frequent flood disaster on agricultural productivity of rice planting and structural optimization strategy

Frequent flood disaster causes great loss of rice planting. Therefore, the study on the influence of frequent flood disaster on the agricultural productivity of rice planting and the structural optimization strategy was put forward. Firstly, the data of experimental area were used to design the implementation period, duration of flooding, flooding depth, experimental plot and contrast plot, and then appropriate analysis methods were selected to test the influence of frequent flood disaster on agricultural productivity of rice planting. Experimental results show that if the waterlogging time is more than three days, the production efficiency will decrease by more than 50%. The earlier the flood happens, the more serious the influence on production efficiency. Based on the experimental results, the optimization strategies of rice planting agricultural structure are formulated as follows: reasonable layout, overall improvement of land economic efficiency and utilization; optimization of rice varieties and improvement of rice quality; deepening of farmers' organizational degree, improving the agricultural scale of rice planting; promoting the development of rural science and education, adjusting the industrial structure of rice planting agriculture, and perfecting the rice planting industry chain.

Analysis of business interruption risk factors of Chinese enterprises during flood disasters based on social network analysis

Global warming has led to frequent flood disasters, which pose great uncertainty and risk to the normal operation of enterprises. To identify the key risk factors of business interruption for Chinese enterprises because of flood disasters, this study proposes an analysis framework based on social network analysis. We consider 248 cases of enterprises affected by floods reported since 2001 in China as the dataset, and quantitatively analyze the key risk factors and important factor combinations of enterprise business interruption because of floods through multiple indicators. These include the core-periphery, node centrality, and note pairings in social network analysis. The analysis results show that “factory building damage,” “production equipment damage,” and “power supply interruption” are the key risk factors of business interruption during flood disasters. The three most likely combinations of risk factors to occur simultaneously are “production equipment damage and factory building damage,” “production equipment damage and raw material damage,” and “production equipment damage and power supply interruption.”

Accuracy Analysis of IMERG Satellite Rainfall Data and Its Application in Long-term Runoff Simulation

Frequent flood disasters have caused serious damage to karst areas with insufficient measured rainfall data, and the analysis of the applicability of satellite rainfall data in runoff simulation is helpful to the local water management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the accuracy of IMERG satellite rainfall data and apply it to long-term runoff simulations in a karst area—the Xiajia River basin, China. First, R (correlation coefficient) and POD (probability of detection) are applied to analyze the accuracy of the IMERG data, and the SWAT model is used for runoff simulation. The results show that the accuracy of the original IMERG data is poor (R range from 0.412 to 0.884 and POD range from 47.33 to 100), and the simulation results are “Unsatisfactory” (NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient) ranged from 0.17 to 0.32 and RSR (root mean square standard deviation ratio) ranged from 0.81 to 0.92). Therefore, the GDA correction method is used to correct the original IMERG data, and then the accuracy analysis and runoff simulation are carried out. The results show that the accuracy of the corrected IMERG data is better than that of the original data (R range from 0.886 to 0.987 and POD range from 94.08 to 100), and the simulation results of the corrected IMERG data are “Satisfactory” (NSE is over 0.55 and RSR is approximately 0.65). Therefore, the corrected data have a certain applicability in long-term continuous runoff simulations.

Analysis of the Effect of Low Impact Development on Urban Runoff Control Based on the SWMM Model

Zhang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Sun, S.-J.; Zhang, W.-W., and Zhang, S.-H., 2019. Analysis of the effect of low impact development on urban runoff control based on the SWMM model. In: Yu, T.-s. (ed.), Environmental Sustainability: Water Resources Integrated Management and the Development of Coastal Environments. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 96, pp. 62-67. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In order to solve the problems of frequent urban flood disasters and the continuous deterioration of the water environment in the process of urbanization, the urban storm flood management method centered on Low Impact Development (LID) has become a new concept in urban construction. Taking one residential area in Beijing as the research object, and on the basis of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), this paper simulates and analyzes the effect of LID measures on runoff control under different rainfall conditions, and deduces the functional relationship between the LID scale and runoff reduction. The results show that the runoff reduction rate decreases with the increase in rainfall level, and LID measures have the most obvious effect on runoff quantity reduction while having a small effect on the peak time delay. The research methods and results of this paper can provide a reference for sponge city construction, flood control and drainage management.

Assessing Urban Areas’ Vulnerability to Flood Disaster Based on Text Data: A Case Study in Zhengzhou City

Confronting the frequent flood disasters triggered by torrential downpour, the vulnerability of urban rainstorm flood disasters was analyzed with one highly popular area of research in mind: big data. Web crawler technology was used to extract text information related to floods from Internet and popular social media platforms. Combining these text data with traditional statistical data, a flood disaster vulnerability assessment model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was established to evaluate rainstorm and flood disaster vulnerability, and the spatial distribution characteristics of vulnerability to pluvial flooding were analyzed based on Geographic Information System (GIS). The established model was applied in Zhengzhou, a city that often suffers from heavy rainstorms. The results show that the areas located near downtown Zhengzhou were more vulnerable to rainstorm and flooding than others, and most of the city could be at moderate and high vulnerability. Finally, the waterlogging spots extracted from various sources were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The results show that most of waterlogging spots were located in very-high and high risk zones, while less waterlogging spots were found in districts with low vulnerability, which demonstrates the discriminative power of the established model based on big data sources. This study overcomes limited data in flood disaster vulnerability assessment methods and provides a basis for flood control and management in cities.

Benchmarking the Indian National CartoDEM against SRTM for 1D hydraulic modelling

ABSTRACTAccurate forecasts are a necessity in a world with frequent flood disasters and climatic anomalies. Studies have demonstrated that one of the primary sources of uncertainty in flood modelling is the topographic input data, the bathymetry in particular. As high-resolution elevation/bathymetry datasets are often unavailable in developing regions, the present study benchmarks the freely available Indian National Digital Elevation Model (DEM) CartoDEM, against the currently preferred global DEM, SRTM, for 1D-hydrodynamic modelling. Techniques for improving simulated Water Surface Elevation (WSE) profiles, while using cross-sections derived from these free DEMs are proposed. A distributed vertical error characterization using ground surveyed control points was performed and used to correct the DEM-extracted cross-sections. The approach was tested by simulating a 25-year return period flood in a reach of the Erai River, near Chandrapur city in Maharashtra, India. The results show an improvement of ∼84% in the root-mean-squared-error value for the WSE generated by the SRTM after correction, while the CartoDEM degraded by ∼41%. It was observed that while the uncorrected CartoDEM performs better than the uncorrected SRTM, the converse is true after the bias correction.

Study on infectious diseases in Guizhou during the Republic of China

There are many infectious diseases in Guizhou Province during the Republican period, including cholera, smallpox, typhoid, typhus, dysentery, scarlet fever, diphtheria, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, recurrent fever, malaria, trachoma, acute conjunctivitis, skin diseases, venereal diseases, leprosy and so on. Natural and social factors together led to the prevalence of infectious diseases during that period. For example, natural factors mainly include Guizhou province's special geographical condition and its frequent flood disasters, and social factors such as the unhealthy lifestyle and low medical level have also caused bad effects. In general, infectious diseases during the Republican period have resulted in a large number of mortalities and great financial losses, hindering the development of Guizhou economic society at that time.

Framework of extreme flood risk management in the typhoon country region

Recently, flood damages have increased worldwide due to global warming and climate change. According to the Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), extreme weather events such as heat wave, drought, and flood are expected to increase in the future. It is thus necessary to realize that larger and more frequent flood disasters are rapidly nearing us, and need to prepare for them accordingly. This research aims to provide a framework for extreme flood management, beginning with the establishment of extreme flood definition from a more general point of view through reviewing existing literature and references. Also, the purpose of this research is to identify the current status of flood forecasting in the ESCAP/WMP Typhoon Committee’s member countries and to provide recommendations on extreme flood forecasting and flood risk management.in member countries.

Research on flash flood disaster warning index: Case study of Luoning County

The intensification of global climate change, the increase in extreme weather, and the frequent occurrence of heavy rains have led to frequent flash flood disasters. The flash floods] is fast, the time of convergence is short, and the destructive power is strong, making it difficult to predict prevention, which poses a huge threat to the lives and property of the people living in the hilly areas. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to carry out flash flood disaster prevention and early warning. Taking the three natural villages in Luoning County of Henan Province as an example, we carried out the determination of early warning period of flash flood disaster and calculation of early warning index. The research results can provide scientific support for local flash flood disaster warning work and reduce the loss of people and property caused by flash flood disasters.

Study on Risk Assessment Method of Mountain Torrent Disaster of Wendeng District

China is a country with frequent mountain flood disasters. Especially in recent years, with climate change and social population develops rapidly, mountain torrent disaster not only cause huge economic losses, but also cause injuries to people. So the prevention and treatment of mountain torrent disaster get more and more important. This paper starts from non-structural measures of mountain flood prevention, it chooses Wendeng, Shandong as an example, considering the topography and hydrometeorology of Wendeng basin, analysis the hydrological characteristics of this basin, this paper constructs topology of Wendeng Basin, establish distributed hydrological model of Wendeng Basin. In this paper, the intensity of various disaster-causing factors and the vulnerability of disaster-bearing body in each basin of Wendeng area were analysed by taking the basin as a unit. Then through the superposition analysis, the distribution of risk in each river basin was finally obtained, which provided the basis for the prevention and control of mountain flood in Wendan City.

Role of social media towards flood disaster adaptation in Bojonegoro region of East Java, Indonesia

The community along Solo Riverbank has strong ability to deal with their frequent flood disaster. It seems that their strong social tie through formal network of their community groups able to bring them live safely in the prone flood areas. This research scrutinized social tie of the community towards social media in order to strengthen capability of the community on dealing with flood disaster as the form of social structure through informal network. Questionnaire survey was distributed and analysed with social network approach covering three indices - rate of participation, density and centrality. The result illustrates that the whole indices have low level, meaning that social media played weak role towards flood disaster adaptation. Therefore, this research continued to measure social tie of the community towards multiple memberships on the local community groups as a form of formal network. Hence, this research suggests that integration between strong of social tie through formal network with weak of social tie through informal network migh enhance community resilient on dealing with flood disaster.

The Use Of Remote Sensing Data To Zoning Catchments In Flood Control Efforts Banjarbaru

This Research was occupied due to the frequent flood disaster in Indonesia especially in Banjarbaru city. South Kalimantan’s Research and Development Council in 2010 stated that the largest endangered flood are from spatially classification was Bangkal Village in Banjarbaru City. It became necessary to control by doing area zonation which determine the recharge area. This research was conducted survey method and data analysis by using information overlay from Geographic Information System. This research resulted the recommended recharge zone width was 2801,7 ha. In this research zone, the researchers gained 9 group of recharge zone and the development plan or activities to do. The researchers also configured some flooding potential classification, vary from 0,064 m/second to 0,078 m/second. The flooding water could be dried in at last 9,127 hours. The flood controlling efforts in settlement area biopores application and recharge wheel, for the water bodies were rivers normalization, planting trees or fruits and medical plants in buffer area. Social approach also could empowered the Bangkal Village Society with clean and sustainable environment competitions, environmental extension course about waste economic value and waste bank management.

Regional Flood Risk Management Modeling and Application

China is one of the countries with frequent flood disaster, and it does fall often with more precipitation especially from June to October in the Yangtze River, which would very easily cause floods thereby seriously threating to the safety of each region along the Yangtze River. How to manage regional flood risk reasonably and efficiently under the new situation of the joint effects of climatic change and human activities deserves more researches. The regional flood risk management model is built and applied in the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River to derive regional flood processes under the condition of floodwall break and assess the effects of flood on each factor in the region. The built model is reliable and practical with reasonable results, would support some sort of technical help for regional flood risk management, water resources protection and measure-making of flood prevention and disaster mitigation.

The influence of climate change and human activities on runoff in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River Basin, China

This study presents a soil and water integrated model (SWIM) and associated statistical analyses for the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) based on daily meteorological, river runoff, and water resource data encompassing the period between 1959 and 2015. The aim of this research is to quantitatively analyze the rate of contribution of upstream runoff to that of the midstream as well as the influence of climate change and human activities in this section of the river. Our goal is to explain why extreme precipitation is concentrated in the upper reaches of the HRB while floods tend to occur frequently in the middle reaches of this river basin. Results show that the rate of contribution of precipitation to runoff in the upper reaches of the HRB is significantly higher than temperature. Data show that the maximum contribution rate of upstream runoff to that of the midstream can be as high as 2.23%, while the contribution of temperature is just 0.38%. In contrast, the rate of contribution of human activities to runoff is 87.20% in the middle reaches of the HRB, while that due to climate change is 12.80%. Frequent flood disasters therefore occur in the middle reaches of the HRB because of the combined effects of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches and human activities in the middle sections.

Large-scale and High-resolution Flood Risk Model for Japan

Japan has experienced several catastrophic flood events causing extensive damage to property and the national economy due to its topography, geography, and climate. Steep and short rivers, frequent typhoons and torrential rains, extremely high concentration of people and assets in flood-prone areas, and intensive human intervention subject the country to frequent flood disasters. Risk Management Solutions (RMS) has developed a stochastic inland flood model as part of its Japan Typhoon Model to assess flood risk due to typhoon for the (re)insurance industry. The RMS flood risk model consists of i) a precipitation-driven flood hazard module, ii) a building-level exposure module, iii) a component-based vulnerability module and iv) a financial module. The flood model is driven by 105,000 years of continuously simulated precipitation accounting for typhoon and non-typhoon precipitation. Rainfall-runoff and routing models, fluvial- and pluvial-inundation models, and probabilistic defence failures are included in the flood hazard module to obtain a realistic view of flood risk. By combining a large, country-level stochastic dataset with a high-resolution grid (~40m) for flood inundation modeling, and building level exposure data and hundreds of unique component-based vulnerability types, a comprehensive view of flood risk is provided on both local and aggregate levels, The financial module accounts for insured risk from different financial contracts.

部分线性矩在陕北地区洪水频率分析中的应用

陕北地区洪水灾害严重且频繁，为了该区水利防洪工程设计建设提供可靠的理论依据，研究部分线性矩在该区洪水频率分析中的应用。本文在介绍部分线性矩原理的基础上，选取陕北交口河、赵石窖、绥德、刘家河、张村驿、志丹及神木7个水文站的洪峰流量资料，将部分线性矩应用于陕北地区洪水序列参数估计中，计算设计洪水值，并拟合洪水频率曲线，利用累积相对偏差平方和评价所得洪水频率曲线对洪峰序列拟合效果，并与普通线性矩法拟合结果进行比较分析。利用部分线性矩和普通线性矩对陕北7个水文站洪水频率进行的分析表明：除了张村译站外，随着删失值F0的增大，设计值的相对偏差值越小，说明部分线性矩法对高尾部经验点据拟合效果更好，提高了设计值估算精度。因此，是一种合理有效的洪水频率分析参数估计方法，可用于陕北地区的洪水频率计算。 The northern Shaanxi province suffers serious and frequent flood disasters. In order to provide an efficient and reliable theoretical basis for design of the flood control project in this area, the Partial L-Moments was used for flood frequency analysis based on introducing the principles of Partial L-Moments. The annual maximum flood series of seven hydrologic stations (Jiaokou, Zhaoshiyao, Sudie, Liujia, Zhangjiashan, Zhidan and Shenmu) were used to estimate the parameters of Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution by proposed method. The design floods were calculated and the flood frequency curve was fitted. Then the cumulative of squares error was regarded as an indicator to evaluate the effect and compared with the traditional method of moments. The results show that with censored level F0 value increases, the relative deviation of the design value is smaller. Partial L-Moments can describe the data better in flood analysis and improve the estimation precision of design floods. Partial L-Moments is a reasonable and effective method and can be used for flood frequency analysis in the northern Shaanxi province.

3D-GIS System Research and Development for Emergency Hydrologic Analysis

In view of the present situation of frequent flood and drought disaster in China, and lacking of technology for emergency hydrologic monitoring system and emergency response analysis. Face to emergency hydrologic forecast, this paper study on hydrologic information extraction and flood inundation risk emergency, and set up emergency hydrologic analysis system with the function of emergency hydrologic information extraction, flood simulation, flood analysis and hazard evaluation and so on. The system provided technical support and analysis platform for emergency hydrologic monitoring, forecasting and decision making.

鄱阳湖洪水预报方案研制

鄱阳湖为长江中下游洪涝灾害频繁的地区，鄱阳湖洪水预报方案研制对于科学调度鄱阳湖防洪减灾具有重要意义。本文分析了鄱阳湖洪水及其灾害特征，根据星子站实测水位与星子、湖口站前期水位、涨率、区间平均降雨量、五河七口入湖流量与湖口出流量之差进行相关分析，建立了湖泊水量平衡方案与多要素相关方程两种预报方案，用于鄱阳湖洪水作业预报。通过历史资料和应用检验，这些洪水预报方案可以取得较高的预报精度。Poyang Lake, located in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, is the area that bears fre-quent flood disasters. The development of flood forecasting scheme for the Poyang Lake is of great significance for the scientific flood dispatch and disaster reduction. This study analyzes the cha-racteristics of flood and disaster of the Poyang Lake. Related correlation analysis was carried out based on the actual measured water level of Xingzi station, water level at earlier stage of Xingzi station and Hukou station, rise rate, regional average precipitation, the difference of flows into five rivers and seven stations and outflow of Hukou station. The lake water balance and multi- factor correlation equation schemes were established for flood forecasting. The floods of the Poyang Lake could be scientifically forecasted by these two schemes with relative high accuracy.

The limits and variety of risk‐based governance: The case of flood management in Germany and England

AbstractRisk‐based governance is argued by many to hold the promise of a more rational and efficient state, by making explicit the limitations of state interventions and focusing finite resources on those targets where probable damage is greatest. This paper challenges the assumption that risk‐based governance has the potential for universal and uniform application, by comparing contemporary flood management in Germany and England. On first inspection, flooding appears to be a paradigmatic case of risk colonizing European policy discourses, with the traditional notion of flood defense giving way to flood risk management in the context of climate change, increasingly frequent flood disasters, political and cost pressures on flood protection, and publicly available European‐wide flood assessments. Drawing on in‐depth empirical research, this paper shows how the role, and even the definition, of “risk” is institutionally shaped, and how the respective institutional environments of German and English flood management practices impede and promote risk colonization. In particular, the use and conceptualizations of risk in governance are variously promoted, filtered, or constrained by the administrative procedures, structures, and political expectations embedded within flood management and wider polities of each country. The findings of this research are important for the design and implementation of supranational policies and regulations that endorse risk‐based approaches, such as the recent EU Flood Directive, as well as scholarly debate as to how to legitimately define the limits of governance in the face of uncertainty and accountability pressures.

Rethinking crop diversification under changing climate, hydrology and food habit in Bangladesh

Extreme temperature, frequent and intensive flood, cyclone and other natural disasters due to climate change became acute in Bangladesh and would be severe in future. Besides, water crisis due to shortage of upstream flow and very little rainfall in dry season would affect in a same way. Gradual higher dependency on groundwater irrigation during last few decades created pressure on groundwater even after a huge discharge during rainy season. Using secondary data, this research analyzed the changes in cropping pattern along with a forecast of area to be distributed among various crops in 2029-30 and proposed a re-distribution considering probable crop failure, water crisis and change in food habit. Inherit rice-dominated food habit and government incentive policy encouraged farmers to be concentrated highly on water-intensive rice farming. However, a recent tendency of less rice consumption would encourage crop diversification in future. An incentive policy for farming of diversified crops and their intensification in all crop seasons would be effective to reduce pressure on groundwater and to persuade a balanced food basket in Bangladesh.