Frequent Congenital Anomalies Research Articles

The Management of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity: An Observational Study

Background: Club feet are a frequent birth defect, and congenital club foot is one of the most prevalent. Patients with this condition are often treated with surgery. A congenital club foot is a complicated joint malformation that may take many different forms. Objective: To observe the management of congenital idiopathic clubfoot deformity. Methodology: This research was conducted between January 2007 and December 2008 at the orthopaedic department of Bangabanghu Sheikh Mujib Medical University in Shahbag, Dhaka. Group-I included 13 patients with 19 feet who had surgery using Mckay's process, and Group-II included 12 patients with 17 feet who underwent surgery using Turco's technique, for a total of 25 patients with 36 feet. There was complete observance of all ethical norms. Medical history, physical exams, and specific tests all pointed to a positive diagnosis. Two groups then had surgery, one through the Turco incision and the other via the Cincinnati one. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The next most common age range was between 12 and 17 years old. McKay's method had a success rate of 23.07%, whereas Turco's method achieved a success rate of 25.0%. There were around 75% males and 25% females in the Turco group. There were more men than women in McKay's group (61.53% vs. 38.46%). Four patients included their right foot (21.05%), three their left foot (15.80%), and six their both feet (63.15%) during McKay surgery. Of McKay's patients who had the treatment, just 10.54 percent had negative results, while the remaining 89.46 percent performed well. Conclusion: Everyone agrees that a congenital clubfoot abnormality should be surgically corrected. Bias was not a possibility. It may be advantageous for our people if this prospective research evaluating the results of the Turco and McKay surgical procedures for treating congenital clubfoot is completed.

Anatomical variations of origin of the internal carotid artery: Report of two cases and systematic review of the literature.

Anatomical variations of origin of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are very uncommon and may pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We report a case of direct origin of the right ICA from the innominate artery (aplasia of common carotid artery) and a case of duplication of right ICA in healthy patients who performed duplex ultrasound (DUS) for primary cardiovascular prevention screening. In both cases, the ultrasound scan was performed both in a transverse plane and on the longitudinal axis, and in one of the two cases, a computed tomography angiography was performed to confirm the diagnosis. A review of the current literature about anatomical variations of origin of carotid arteries was also performed. The most frequent congenital anomaly is represented by the aplasia of the CCA, followed by the agenesis and by the duplication of the ICA. In most cases, the anomaly is discovered occasionally and symptoms are aspecific. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through a multimodality imaging approach, including DUS of extracranial carotid arteries, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomographic angiography. In most cases, treatment was conservative, with pharmacological therapy aimed at the symptoms. The recognition of such variations is mandatory, particularly when the patient needs a surgical treatment that may involve the vessel with the anatomical variations.

Incidentally Detected Meckel’s Diverticulum in an Adult, Resect or Not Resect? A Case Report

Introduction: Meckel's diverticulum is a true diverticulum that affects 2% of the population, being the most frequent congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract and occurs due to a defect in the closure of the omphalomesenteric duct. It is most frequently diagnosed in children under 10 years of age, in whom it may manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction or perforation; however, in adults it is usually asymptomatic and found incidentally during other abdominal surgery. Case presentation: A 43-year-old male, with acute appendicitis, underwent open appendectomy, during which the presence of a 4 x 3 cm Meckel's diverticulum was incidentally identified, so ileal resection was performed, with primary anastomosis, presenting a satisfactory postoperative evolution. Conclusion: The treatment of symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum is undoubtedly resection; however. The literature does not define whether a diverticulum found incidentally should be resected or not, especially in adults, in whom the presence of risk factors should be assessed to determine whether resection should be performed.

The Frequency of Risk Factors for Cleft Lip and Palate in Mexico: A Systematic Review.

Cleft lip and palate is an anomaly that affects both women and men. It is considered to be among the most frequent congenital abnormalities and is related to modifications in chromosomal DNA and multiple genetic alterations. This anomaly can also be associated with various environmental factors, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, medication use, and exposure to different environmental and industrial toxic substances. The objective of this study was to document the frequency of risk factors related to cleft lip and palate through a systematic review of Mexican studies. In this systematic review, a bibliographic search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in the databases Scielo, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and EBSCO. Keywords related to cleft lip and palate, epidemiology, and risk factors were used. In all, 3 independent reviewers (J.A.S.L., S.L.V., and N.M.F.) selected and evaluated a total of 17 articles included in this analysis, achieving a coefficient of κ = 0.84. The analysis revealed that the highest frequency of conducted studies was in the State of Mexico. The most common risk factors identified were environmental, pharmacological, consumption habits, and gynecological factors. Identifying the main risk factors for cleft lip and palate in the Mexican population will enable the implementation of preventive measures aimed at reducing exposure to these factors. Additionally, early intervention can improve the quality of life for individuals affected by this condition.

Incidence and Antenatal Detection of Congenital Heart Malformations-Data from a Tertiary Obstetric Romanian Center.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most frequent congenital defects, and they significantly burden the healthcare system due to their high mortality rate and high cost of care for survivors. We aimed to highlight the incidence of CHDs in a tertiary center in Western Romania. A retrospective study was carried out between 2018 and 2022 at the "Pius Brinzeu" Emergency County Hospital Timisoara. Relevant information about the mothers and the newborns were collected and statistically analyzed. The incidence of CHDs from 2018 to 2022 in our center was 5.3%. Eleven types of malformations were diagnosed postnatally in 541 newborns, with 28.8% of cases having more than one type of CHD. The antenatal detection rate was 28%, with the highest rates for tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, or significant ventricular septal defects and the lowest for pulmonary stenosis. The lower antenatal detection rate was influenced mainly by incomplete or absent prenatal care. The incidence of CHDs is clearly dependent of a multifactorial approach, and the results highlight this. With an incidence almost 50% lower than reported within the literature and a low rate of prenatal detections, CHDs could be a more of a burden to endure regarding medical treatment. Improvements in patients' education, prenatal care, and screening programs could improve diagnosis, decrease mortality, and optimize postnatal care.

A Coarse-Fine Collaborative Learning Model for Three Vessel Segmentation in Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound Images.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect and a leading cause of infant mortality, emphasizing the crucial need for its early diagnosis. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for prenatal CHD screening. As a complement to the four-chamber view, the three-vessel view (3VV) plays a vital role in detecting anomalies in the great vessels. However, the interpretation of fetal cardiac ultrasound images is subjective and relies heavily on operator experience, leading to variability in CHD detection rates, particularly in resource-constrained regions. In this study, we propose an automated method for segmenting the pulmonary artery, ascending aorta, and superior vena cava in the 3VV using a novel deep learning network named CoFi-Net. Our network incorporates a coarse-fine collaborative strategy with two parallel branches dedicated to simultaneous global localization and fine segmentation of the vessels. The coarse branch employs a partial decoder to leverage high-level semantic features, enabling global localization of objects and suppression of irrelevant structures. The fine branch utilizes attention-parameterized skip connections to improve feature representations and improve boundary information. The outputs of the two branches are fused to generate accurate vessel segmentations. Extensive experiments conducted on a collected dataset demonstrate the superiority of CoFi-Net compared to state-of-the-art segmentation models for 3VV segmentation, indicating its great potential for enhancing CHD diagnostic efficiency in clinical practice. Furthermore, CoFi-Net outperforms other deep learning models in breast lesion segmentation on a public breast ultrasound dataset, despite not being specifically designed for this task, demonstrating its potential and robustness for various segmentation tasks.

A hybrid approach to aortic aneurysm repair after surgical removal of the aortic coarctation in a patient with bicuspid aortic valve pathology: a clinical case

Today the aortic coarctation is considered one of the relatively most frequent congenital defects of the cardiovascular system, occuring with a frequency of 3 cases per 10,000 newborns. Despite fairly good results of radical correction, adverse long-term consequences may occur, such as persistent hypertension, recoarctation, aortic aneurysm, its dissection or even rupture. In this clinical case, a successful correction of a sac-shaped aneurysm of the aorta in adolescence was demonstrated after removal of the aortic coarctation together with bicuspid aortic valve replacement due to the combined valve disease with advantage of insufficiency.

Blefaroplastia de Roberts-Bistner para correção de agenesia palpebral bilateral um gato

Eyelid agenesis, also known as palpebral coloboma, is the most frequent congenital abnormality of feline´s eyelid compromising the patient's ocular health. The treatment of choice is blepharoplasty, which can be performed using different surgical techniques, depending on the extent of the coloboma. This paper reports a feline case diagnosed with coloboma in approximately 50% of the temporal and bilateral upper eyelid, which was treated using the Roberts-Bistner technique. Attention to the primary surgical care and delicate manipulation of tissues allowed maximum use of the wholly healed flaps. Trichiasis is a common complication inherent to traditional coloboma correction techniques and despite this was observed in both eyes a few weeks after surgery, the, reconstructive blepharoplasty provided adequate eyelid function and good cosmesis for the correction of eyelid agenesis in this patient.

Local Defense Factors in Cleft-Affected Palate in Children before and during Milk Dentition Age: A Pilot Study.

One of the most frequent congenital orofacial defects is the cleft lip and palate. Local tissue defense factors are known to be important in immune response and inflammatory and healing processes in the cleft tissue; however, they have only been researched in older children during mixed dentition. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the distribution of LL-37, CD-163, IL-10, HBD-2, HBD-3, and HBD-4 in children before and during milk dentition. The unique and rare material of palate tissue was obtained from 13 patients during veloplastic surgeries during the time span of 20 years. Immunohistochemistry, light microscopy, semi-quantitative evaluation, and non-parametric statistical analysis were used. A significant decrease in HBD-3 and HBD-4 in the connective tissue was found, as well as several mutual statistically significant and strong correlations between HBD-2, HBD-3, HBD-4, and LL-37. Deficiency of HBD-3 and HBD-4 suggests promotion of chronic inflammation. The scarcity of HBD-4 could be connected to the different signaling pathways of dental pulp cells. Mutual correlations imply changes in the epithelial barrier, amplified healing efficiency, and increased antibacterial line of defense. Deprivation of changes in IL-10 quantity points to possible suppression of the factor. The presence of similar CD-163 immunoreactive substances produced by M2 macrophages was also observed.

Omphalocele and gastroschisis: An analysis of prenatal diagnosis and neonatal outcomes

AbstractBackgroundOmphalocele and gastroschisis are the most frequent congenital developmental abdominal wall defects. Prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and gastroschisis is critical in the management of the pregnancy, affording patients the option of termination. This study aims to evaluate the prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcomes of omphalocele and gastroschisis cases.Materials and MethodsThe cases of gastroschisis and omphalocele diagnosed prenatally and followed up at our university were evaluated retrospectively between January 2019 and January 2022. Maternal demographic and clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes were compared between the cases.ResultsThis study evaluated 42 omphalocele and nine gastroschisis cases. All gastroschisis cases were isolated (p = .001). Additional anomalies were present in 61.9% of omphalocele cases. While two patients with gastroschisis refused the invasive procedure, the genetic results of the others were normal. The karyotype was abnormal in 42.9% of omphalocele cases (p = .008). Half of the omphalocele cases were terminated, and 38.1% (n = 8) of the terminated omphalocele cases were trisomy 18. The coexistence of multiple system anomalies and cystic hygroma was high in the terminated cases. In all cases of gastroschisis, only the intestines protruded from the abdominal wall into the amniotic fluid. The number of survivors of omphalocele was 23.8%. The median hospital stay was 25 and 14 days for gastroschisis and omphalocele, respectively.ConclusionPrenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and gastroschisis is critical in pregnancy management. The presence of associated anomalies determines the prognosis of omphalocele and gastroschisis.

Prenatal diagnosis of polycystic renal diseases: diagnostic yield, novel disease-causing variants, and genotype–phenotype correlations

BackgroundPolycystic renal disease (PRD) is a frequent congenital anomaly of the kidneys, but research utilizing chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and exome sequencing (ES) in PRD fetuses remains sparse, with the majority of studies focusing on the multisystem or genitourinary system. ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the detection rate of detectable genetic causes of fetal PRD at different levels, and novel disease-causing variants and explores genotype-phenotype correlations. Study DesignThis study included 220 fetal PRD from January 2014 to June 2022. Cases were divided into three groups: isolated multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK), non-isolated MCDK, and suspected polycystic kidney disease group. We reviewed data on maternal demographics, ultrasonographic results, CMA/ES results, and pregnancy outcomes. ResultsIn our cohort, CMA identified 19 (8.6%) fetuses carrying chromosomal abnormalities, and the most common CNV was 17q12 microdeletion (7/220, 3.2%). Furthermore, 94 families chose to perform trio-ES testing, and 21 fetuses (22.3%) were found to harbor P/LP variants. For PRD, there was a significant difference in the live birth rate (91/130 vs. 46/80 vs. 1/10, p < 0.001). Among 138 live birth cases, 106 (78.5%) underwent postnatal ultrasound review, of which 95 (89.6%) had a consistent prenatal-postnatal ultrasound diagnosis. ConclusionsTaken together, either for isolated or non-isolated PRD, our data show high detection efficiency for both testing tools. Novel pathogenic variants have expanded the disease spectrum of PRD-associated genes while enriching the genotype-phenotype correlation. Therefore, we consider it feasible to perform CMA + ES testing in fetal PRD. Moreover, prenatal-postnatal ultrasound concordance was greater, while the live birth rate was higher and prognosis was better when known genetic disorders were excluded, showing that genetic testing results significantly influenced pregnancy decisions.

Toxic metals in pregnancy and congenital heart defects. Insights and new perspectives for a technology-driven reduction in food sources

Congenital heart defects (CHD) represent the most frequent congenital anomalies among newborns, as well as the leading cause of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, neonatal and infant death. CHD have been recognized as multifactorial diseases, with environmental contaminants as potential contributors to the etiopathogenesis of CHD. Toxic elements, such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) are known to be associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and certain congenital anomalies, however their association with the risk for CHD remains inconsistent. This review summarizes the updated evidence on the CHD-associated risk related to exposure to As, Cd, Hg, Pb during pregnancy, reporting the main findings from epidemiological and experimental studies and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Additionally, being diet the major source of these elements in the general population, after having identified the main vectors of toxic metals in food, possible remediation strategies to reduce diet-related risks are also described. Among these, a novel, consumer-centered approach in developing new foods is discussed, considering not only the nutritional characteristics of edible compounds foods are made up of, but also their organoleptic features, making the food even more appealing to the consumer. Overall, current data support the association of maternal exposure to As and Pb with increased risk for CHD, although significant associations have only been observed for total and/or specific subgroups. On the other hand, the evidence of association for Cd and Hg exposure in pregnancy with CHD in the offspring remains, yet, quite speculative. Further large prospective cohort studies and insights into the molecular and biomolecular processes of these relationships are warranted to further explore and/or verify these findings.

The role of TBX20 truncating variants in dilated and left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy

Abstract Background The genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unexplained in a considerable proportion of cases. TBX20, the T-Box transcription factor 20 gene, has been linked to cardiac septal defects. Although only a few case reports have described an association between TBX20 and DCM/left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC), there are no case-control studies available, and TBX20 is still considered a gene with limited evidence for these phenotypes. Objectives This study sought to investigate the relationship between truncating variants in TBX20 (TBX20tv) and the development of DCM and LVNC. Methods TBX20 was sequenced using massive parallel sequencing in 7,463 unrelated probands with DCM/LVNC and 22,773 probands with other diagnoses (e.g., hypertrophic or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, channelopathies, or aortic diseases) as internal controls. It was tested for enrichment and cosegregation of TBX20tv in DCM/LVNC, and clinical characteristics and outcomes in carriers were analyzed. Results Twenty-four probands with 22 TBX20tv were identified. Variant frequencies were significantly higher in patients with DCM/LVNC (24/7,463; 0.29%) than in internal controls (2/22,773; 0.008%) or controls from the gnomAD database (4/124,098; 0.003%), with an OR of 70.18 (CI95%: 9.48 to 519.8; p &amp;lt;0.0001) and 95.61 (CI95%: 33.06-276.55; p &amp;lt;0.0001), respectively. Cosegregation was studied in 21 families, identifying 57 carriers, of whom 43 (75.4%) had cardiac involvement. A combined LODs score of 4.41 was obtained, which is indicative of very strong segregation. Regarding clinical characteristics, the mean age at diagnosis was 37 years old, and 50% of carriers were female. Forty-six percent developed left-ventricular dysfunction, which was moderate to severe in half of the cases. Three carriers received a heart transplant, and another carrier died due to heart failure. Congenital heart defects were present in 16 patients (28.1%). Valvular involvement was the most frequent congenital abnormality (5 cases had bicuspid aortic valve, and another 5 had mitral valve defects), followed by heart septal defects (3 atrial and 3 ventricular); coronary anomalies (2) and aortic coarctation (2) were also detected. In some patients, these defects presented as complex congenital heart disease. Conclusions TBX20tv are associated with the development of dilated and non-compaction cardiomyopathy, and the presence of congenital heart defects is also common. Although some carriers, particularly younger ones, may not present the phenotype, nearly half of them experience ventricular dysfunction, and significant cardiac events, such as cardiac death or transplantation, are not uncommon. Therefore, the TBX20 gene should be routinely included in genetic testing panels for DCM and LVNC.

Identification of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for chemical-induced craniofacial anomalies using the transgenic zebrafish model.

Craniofacial anomalies are one of the most frequent birth defects worldwide and are often caused by genetic and environmental factors such as pharmaceuticals and chemical agents. Although identifying adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) is a central issue for evaluating the teratogenicity, the AOP causing craniofacial anomalies has not been identified. Recently, zebrafish has gained interest as an emerging model for predicting teratogenicity because of high throughput, cost-effectiveness and availability of various tools for examining teratogenic mechanisms. Here, we established zebrafish sox10-EGFP reporter lines to visualize cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) and have identified the AOPs for craniofacial anomalies. When we exposed the transgenic embryos to teratogens that were reported to cause craniofacial anomalies in mammals, CNCC migration and subsequent morphogenesis of the first pharyngeal arch were impaired at 24 hours post-fertilization. We also found that cell proliferation and apoptosis of the migratory CNCCs were disturbed, which would be key events of the AOP. From these results, we propose that our sox10-EGFP reporter lines serve as a valuable model for detecting craniofacial skeletal abnormalities, from early to late developmental stages. Given that the developmental process of CNCCs around this stage is highly conserved between zebrafish and mammals, our findings can be extrapolated to mammalian craniofacial development and thus help in predicting craniofacial anomalies in human.

Nf1 in heart development: a potential causative gene for congenital heart disease: a narrative review.

Congenital heart disease is the most frequent congenital disorder, affecting a significant number of live births. Gaining insights into its genetic etiology could lead to a deeper understanding of this condition. Although the Nf1 gene has been identified as a potential causative gene, its role in congenital heart disease has not been thoroughly clarified. We searched and summarized evidence from cohort-based and experimental studies on the issue of Nf1 and heart development in congenital heart diseases from various databases. Available evidence demonstrates a correlation between Nf1 and congenital heart diseases, mainly pulmonary valvar stenosis. The mechanism underlying this correlation may involve dysregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The Nf1 gene affects the EMT process via multiple pathways, including directly regulating the expression of EMT-related transcription factors and indirectly regulating the EMT process by regulating the MAPK pathway. This narrative review provides a comprehensive account of the Nf1 involvement in heart development and congenital cardiovascular diseases in terms of epidemiology and potential mechanisms. RAS signaling may contribute to congenital heart disease independently or in cooperation with other signaling pathways. Efficient management of both NF1 and cardiovascular disease patients would benefit from further research into these issues.

Prevalence and Pattern of Birth Defects in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.

Birth defects are a significant concern since they can lead to permanent disability and death. This study comprehensively reviews the prevalence and patterns of birth defects in Saudi Arabia. A systematic analysis of the literature retrieved from three databases (Pub Med, Science Direct, and the Saudi digital library) published between 1989 and 2022 was performed. Observational studies that addressed the prevalence and patterns of birth defects in Saudi Arabia were chosen based on the eligibility criteria, while systematic reviews, review articles, non-relevant articles, and studies that did not fulfill the eligibility criteria were excluded. Quality and risk of bias were evaluated based on the JBI and GRADE tools, respectively. We identified 26 eligible publications of 1277 records that included 297,668 patients from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The highest overall prevalence of birth defects was 46.5 per 1000 live births compared to a lowest rate of 8.6 per 1000 in one study. Several studies have reported positive associations of consanguinity, maternal folic acid supplementation, family history of birth defects or genetic abnormalities, and maternal co-morbidities. The most frequent birth defects include cardiac, genitourinary, craniofacial, and nervous system defects. Robust findings have improved our understanding of the prevalence and pattern of birth defects in Saudi Arabia. Importantly, future studies will likely require multicenter collaboration to arrive at appropriate sample sizes in the context of the effects of risk factors on elevated prevalence. Furthermore, quantitative data require careful evaluation in more complex statistical models.

Spina Bifida Sacralis Occulta from Ancient Greek Sicily (Pozzanghera Necropolis, Leontinoi, 6th–4th Century BC): Anatomical, Anthropological and Ethnomedical Considerations on the Insular Presentation of this Congenital Anomaly

In this article a case of spina bifida sacralis occulta (SBSO) from the Pozzanghera necropolis of the ancient Greek colony of Leontinoi (Sicily) and archaeologically dated to the 6th–4th century BC is morphologically analysed and discussed. An ethnomedical excursus on the knowledge and impact of this condition in Sicilian history is offered. Although SBO is one of the most frequent congenital anomalies in the global palaeopathological record, a comprehensive literature search did not yield results for the history of Sicily before Christ, hence this case enriches existing knowledge on the historical presentation of this vertebral congenital anomaly in this region.

P194 DESTRUCTIVE AORTIC VALVE ENDOCARDITIS WITH INVOLVEMENT OF THE MITRO–AORTIC CURTAIN: A SUCCESSFUL “UFO” PROCEDURE

Abstract Infective endocarditis is a relatively rare disease with an estimated mean incidence of 3.6–7.0 cases per 100,000 subject–years. Aortic bicuspid disease, the most frequent congenital anomaly, is one of the main risk factors. Heart failure, uncontrolled infection (fistulas, abscesses, persistently positive blood cultures) and systemic embolization are among the most feared complications of endocarditis: these cases constitute an indication for emergency/urgent cardiac surgery. An example of extremely demolitive surgery is the Commando or "UFO" procedure, which consists in the double replacement of the aortic valve and the mitral valve with reconstruction of the mitro–aortic junction. The clinical case concerns a 36–year–old man who went to the emergency room for high fever with shivering. Having been found positive blood cultures for MSSA and having emerged mitro–aortic vegetation by echocardiogram, a diagnosis of infective endocarditis was made. During hospitalization, multi–organ cardioembolic phenomena (e.g. splenic, cerebral) with hemorrhagic cerebral infarction occurred: therefore, in accordance with current guidelines, a conservative treatment was temporarily opted for. However, in the following days the deterioration of the clinical–haemodynamic picture was such as to require emergency cardiac surgery. The patient was thus subjected to Commando or UFO procedure with reconstruction of the mitral–aortic junction. Severe bi–ventricular dysfunction was found for the first time at post–operative echocardiographic control, with the need for mechanical support to the circulation (AV ECMO, Impella). The remainder of the hospitalization was characterized by a progressive recovery of ventricular function (LVEF 16% to 44%), therefore patient was discharged in discrete hemodynamic compensation, despite the multiorgan sequelae (hepatic, neurological, renal).

An Atypical Case of Meckel's Diverticulum with Small Bowel Obstruction: Surgical Anatomy, Embryology and Clinical Implications.

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most frequent congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Atypical presentations with life threatening complications include intestinal obstruction, intussusceptions, peritonitis, foreign body lodgement in the MD, perforated viscera etc. which require prompt diagnosis. Ectopic gastric and pancreatic tissues are found in up to half of the cases which can escalate the complications. However clinical diagnosis is not easy especially when the presentation is atypical. A high index of clinical suspicion is required to diagnose elusive MD with associated complications. Surgical resection is safe and the gold standard treatment for complicated MD. A case of Meckel's diverticulum with concomitant mesodiverticular band (MDB) in a 13 years old male child presented as intestinal obstruction to emergency department is described which was promptly managed surgically with required pre-operative investigations. The aim of this report is to make clinicians aware about a complicated MD with MDB clinically presenting as small bowel obstruction.

Advances in Maternal–Fetal Imaging

Advances in Maternal–Fetal Imaging