Frequent Changes Research Articles

Impact of out-of-home nutrition labelling on people with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-synthesis

ObjectivesMandatory nutrition labels for out-of-home food consumption have been introduced in several countries to curb rising obesity levels. However, concerns have been raised about the potential negative impacts of such...

Multi-scale fracture characterization method for transitional shale reservoir based on post-stack multi-attribute ant-tracking fusion and pre-stack wide-azimuth gathers AVAZ analysis

Transitional shale gas represents a significant domain for exploration in the oil and gas sector. The distribution area is extensive, and the resource potential is significant, representing approximately 25% of China's total shale gas resources. Approaches for predicting reservoir fractures using seismic attributes has been well-established. Seismic attributes are frequently constrained by elements including the frequency and resolution of seismic data. The characteristics of transitional shale reservoirs, including complex lithological combinations, frequent changes in lithology, low resolution and variable frequency of seismic data, as well as the presence of strong reflection shielding in coal seams, significantly influence fracture prediction. The use of a single seismic attribute technique presents challenges in delivering a thorough and precise prediction of fractures within transitional reservoirs. This study extracts discontinuity information of large fractures, fine fractures, and fractures obscured by strong reflections from coal seams using variance attributes, amplitude contrast attributes, and the amplitude of diffracted waves, respectively. The discontinuity features obtained from the three methods are monitored through an ant-tracking technique and integrated. Fractures in the work area are methodically described. The near-offset Rüger formula method is utilized to analyze the pre-stack wide-azimuth gathers. Anisotropic gradients and anisotropic directions have been derived. The results of the fracture prediction are analyzed and validated. A novel and reliable methodology, designed specifically for the challenges of transitional shale reservoirs, has been developed for combined pre-stack and post-stack seismic multi-scale fracture prediction. The robust reflection shielding effect of the coal seam has been effectively eliminated. The characterization of fractures in transitional shale reservoirs has been enhanced.

Investigation of the Influence of Hypercapnia on the Physiology of Ovigerous West Coast Rock Lobsters, Jasus lalandii, and Their Embryonic Development

The West Coast rock lobster, Jasus lalandii, is a key ecological species and provides an important fishery resource in South Africa and Namibia. It is found along the west coast of southern Africa in the dynamic Benguela Current upwelling system. The low seawater pH of this system is expected to decline further due to ocean acidification and increase in upwelling in terms of frequency and severity. The lobster has therefore to respond to frequent and rapid changes in pH and other environmental impacts that are predicted to become more adverse in future. Although responses to such conditions are known for mature male and juvenile lobsters, there is a lack of information on mature females and later embryonic development. We addressed this by analysing the sensitivity of ovigerous (“berried”) female WCRLs and their eggs/embryos to hypercapnia (high pCO2, low pH) and formulated the following research questions: (1) Can berried female WCRLs respond swiftly to large changes in pH? (2) What physiological mechanisms facilitate a potential response to a rapidly declining pH, i.e., acute hypercapnia? (3) Does a potential response persist during prolonged hypercapnia? (4) Are eggs/embryos impacted by hypercapnia? To investigate this, we exposed berried WCRLs to acute (pH 7.5) and chronic (up to 60 days at pH 7.5 and 7.8) hypercapnia. We applied extracellular acid–base analysis, microscopic examination of egg growth and development, and SEM of female exoskeleton structure and egg membranes. The results revealed that berried females efficiently respond to acute and chronic hypercapnia by means of increasing bicarbonate concentrations in the haemolymph. Moreover, embryo growth and development are not impacted by chronic hypercapnia, but growth shows geographical area-specific differences. We conclude that females and embryos of J. lalandii are as resilient to hypercapnia as previously shown for males and juveniles.

Introducing brief mindfulness practices to mitigate faculty burnout in the post-COVID era

ABSTRACT In the post-COVID era, many faculty are experiencing a variety of interlinked burnout-related emotional experiences, including classical work stress burnout, decision fatigue from frequent adaptation and change, and compassion fatigue related to the caring demands of the profession. In this manuscript, we detail a framework for understanding the individual and institutional factors contributing to faculty burnout and explore the potential for mindfulness to alleviate these states. Next, we share a workshop model for introducing brief mindfulness practices to faculty and helping them identify key moments when mindfulness practices might be most transformative for them. Next, we share a workshop model for introducing mindfulness to faculty for maximum impact. To conclude, we offer recommendations for implementation depending on facilitators’ level of prior mindfulness experience.

Estimation of Fuel Cell Power Demand on Commercial Vehicles Based on Improved Multiple Grey Prediction Method Considering Dynamic Time Window

A frequently large variation in load conditions is of great impact on the service life of fuel cells during the operation of fuel cell vehicles and further increases the maintenance cost of the system. This study proposed a method of power demand prediction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) on vehicles in the actual traffic environment. The hybrid power system topology of fuel cells and power battery on commercial vehicles is selected to build a fuel cell model, and the accuracy of the fuel cell model is verified. An improved multiple grey prediction method is then proposed to predict the power demand during the sampling period of the fuel cell while considering a dynamic time window in the prediction period. Comparisons were made between this proposed model and the other two prediction models as a single-step prediction and multi-step prediction. Data of CHTC-HT and field testing working conditions were used to evaluate these three prediction models in fuel cell power demand. Results showed that the multiple grey method showed a better prediction performance than the other models, indicated by the lowest error value of 16.944% under the CHTC-HT condition, the lowest error value of 2.169% under stable conditions with less variable load and 1.930% under dynamic conditions with frequent load changes in field testing. This study of the demand power prediction can be devoted to pre-tuning the fuel cell system to avoid performance degradation caused by unanticipated power fluctuation.

A Population-Based Analysis of Birth Rates and Placement Patterns Among Care-Experienced Young Women in New South Wales, Australia

Abstract International research has consistently identified that care-experienced young women are disproportionately likely to become mothers at an early age and benefit from the availability of comprehensive services and supports. This study addresses a paucity of prevalence data in the Australian context by identifying and describing the population of young mothers, aged 15–24, who spent time in out-of-home care (OOHC) in New South Wales between 2009 and 2019. It also makes a novel contribution to the literature by identifying placement patterns during and after first pregnancies. Main findings include that care-experienced young women are three times more likely to give birth than their peers in the majority population and report high rates of smoking during pregnancy and receipt of fewer than the recommended number of prenatal health care visits. The findings also indicate that pathways into motherhood from OOHC are often marked by instability and uncertainty, consisting of frequent perinatal placement changes and exits from OOHC during pregnancy. This indicates that targeted interventions are needed to promote placement stability and supported transitions from OOHC to enhance the health and well-being of care-experienced young mothers and their babies. Directions for future research include the identification of variables associated with perinatal placement stability, consistent healthcare usage, and smoking cessation.

Optimal µPMU Placement Considering Node Importance and Multiple Deployed Monitoring Devices in Distribution Networks

The placement of micro phasor measurement units in an active distribution network can improve the monitoring performance of the system. However, the price and placement cost of micro phasor measurement units are high, so existing research mostly focuses on solving the problem of achieving global observability with the minimum number of micro phasor measurement units. However, the problems of frequent topology change in the distribution network and the increase in the number of faults that will be caused by the high proportion of distributed energy resources connected to the system may lead to the above placement scheme losing the observability of the system. The balance of maintaining the number of micro phasor measurement units placed while ensuring the monitoring stability of the system remains a crucial challenge. To address this issue, a micro phasor measurement unit placement method that considers the observability of multiple monitoring devices and node importance is proposed in this paper, which, on the one hand, fully considers the impact of the observability of existing monitoring devices on the micro phasor measurement units placement scheme and reduces the number of micro phasor measurement units that are used to achieve global observability, and, on the other hand, gives priority to placing the micro phasor measurement units at important nodes in the distribution network that are closely related to observation stability, improving the observation performance of the system. The superiority of the proposed μPMU method is verified in standard systems such as IEEE-33, IEEE-34, and P&G69, in which the number of required μPMUs is reduced by 20%, and the observation performance of the system is improved by 30% in special cases.

Problems of Legal Socialization of Personality

The article is devoted to an actual topic, its relevance is due to the sharp and frequent changes in society, generating changes in the legal policy of the state. The key role in the article is given to the personality and the process of its legal adaptation. In the article such concepts as “personality”, “socialization”, “legal socialization” are disclosed and specified. This article attempts to study the process of legal adaptation of the individual to the legal norms and rules established in society, and also investigates the processes of desocialization and resocialization as concomitant factors of legal socialization. In the framework of the research, its subject, purpose, methods were determined, and the relevant conclusions were made. The purpose is defined as the study of problems caused in the process of legal socialization of the individual, and the subject of the study is the process of legal socialization itself. In the study of this topic, comparative-legal, concrete-sociological methods of cognition were used, which allowed us to obtain the most detailed information on the topic.

The optimal control law of the power supplied to the wheeled vehicle in case of curvilinear movement

INTRODUCTION: Highly mobile wheeled vehicles are designed to move on roads and terrain in various road and soil conditions, which is accompanied by frequent and significant changes in traction forces and rolling resistance forces. In this regard, in order to maintain vehicle mobility and ensure low energy costs when performing transport tasks, it is necessary to continuously change the operating mode during movement from completely locked to differential in the case of a mechanical transmission. At the same time, the transmission operating mode selected by the driver is not always rational. Thus, the development of a law for controlling the power supplied to the propulsion system, ensuring minimal energy losses while maintaining vehicle mobility in widely varying road conditions, is an urgent task. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Increasing the energy efficiency of highly mobile wheeled vehicles by applying a control law for the power supplied to the propulsion system, adaptive to driving conditions. METHODOLOGY AND METHODS: Increasing the energy efficiency of movement can be achieved by reducing losses due to wheel slipping by controlling the power supplied to the propulsion unit. It is advisable to obtain the control law as a result of solving an optimization problem, where the loss power is chosen as the objective function, and the traction forces developed on each of the wheels are chosen as the varied values. At the same time, in order to maintain the possibility of vehicle movement, it is necessary to take into account that the total traction force on all wheels must be determined by external conditions and provided by the power plant. To solve the optimization problem, the Lagrange multiplier method was used. RESULTS AND SCIENTIFIC NOVELTY: The studies carried out made it possible to obtain in analytical form a unified law of adaptive control of the power supplied to the propulsors, applicable in a wide range of road conditions in both straight and curved motion, providing a close to optimal distribution of moments across the driving wheels of the machine, obtained as a result of numerical optimization. PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The application of the developed law for controlling the power supplied to the propulsors, based on the use in the process of movement of information only about the longitudinal and vertical forces, rotational speeds and angles of rotation of the wheels (trajectory radius), will improve the efficiency of performing transport tasks when moving a vehicle in continuously changing road conditions due to reducing the load on the driver in terms of controlling differential locks in comparison with a manual transmission both in straight and curved motion.

Thermal Design and Experimental Validation of a Lightweight Microsatellite

The multiple working modes, complex working conditions, frequent changes in external heat flux, and high-power consumption of satellites all pose great difficulties to their thermal design. In this paper, the material MB15 magnesium alloy was used, which has not been performed for the main structure of satellites. This material not only reduces the weight of the structure and the launch cost, but also its good thermal conductivity is very helpful for the thermal control design of the satellite. This paper mainly describes the design of a thermal control system for lightweight microsatellites. Firstly, the satellite structure, thermal control indices of the main equipment, and the power consumption of the equipment in different working modes are introduced. Then, the external heat fluxes are analyzed, the position of the heat dissipation surface and extreme conditions are confirmed, and detailed thermal designs of each part of the satellite are determined via the combination of active and passive thermal control. Finally, the thermal balance test is carried out for the whole satellite. It is found that the deviation between the temperature of the thermistor and thermocouple at the same moment in the thermal analysis simulation data and thermal balance test is generally within 0.5 °C, and the maximum difference is not more than 1.7 °C, which indicates that the simulation model is well established and that the thermal analysis is reliable.

RETENÇÃO DE TALENTOS EM EMPRESAS PÚBLICAS ANGOLANAS: DESAFIOS E ESTRATÉGIAS NUM CENÁRIO DINÂMICO

This study addresses the main challenges faced by Angolan public enterprises in talent retention, considering the constantly changing legal, regulatory, and economic context of the country. The aim of the research was to identify the factors that hinder the retention of qualified professionals in Angolan public institutions and to propose strategies to overcome these obstacles. The research was conducted in three ministerial departments, namely: the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, and the Ministry of Youth and Sports, using a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews conducted with managers and some employees. The results showed that economic instability, the shortage of qualified professionals, the lack of effective career development programmes, and frequent changes to the Labour Code are the main challenges to talent retention. Furthermore, the research revealed that the organisational culture of these institutions does not adequately value employee growth and development, contributing to high staff turnover. The study also highlights specific characteristics of the public sector, such as bureaucracy and the lack of resources. The research suggests that, to improve talent retention, it is essential for public enterprises to invest in continuous training programmes, adopt more attractive incentive policies, and adapt their human resources management practices to the new demands of the labour market. In addition, implementing well-structured career development plans, mentorship programmes, and strengthening leadership and development actions are crucial to increasing employee motivation and commitment. Although the research focused on three ministries, its findings offer valuable contributions to public administration in Angola and can serve as a basis for the formulation of more effective public policies.

LEA-RPL: lightweight energy-aware RPL protocol for internet of things based on particle swarm optimization

This paper addresses the issue of quality of service routing optimization within the Internet of Things networks. We particularly focus on the energy-aware and the lightweight aspects. By recognizing the relationship between lightweight and energy-aware routing, we set out to study their combined benefits. This study aims to enhance the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks by integrating energy-awareness and lightweight characteristics based on the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Our approach addresses energy consumption, routing overhead and decision complexity in route establishment. The principal contributions include the introduction of an objective function that considers Expected Life Time, Delay and a new proposed metric Energy Aware-Expected Transmission Count. The improvement of the Long Short Term Memory predicting inertia weight based PSO with Online Gradient Descent that is used to optimize both the parent selection process and Trickle Timer mechanism. The controlled parent switching process to solve unnecessary and frequent changes. Our approach is validated through simulations in Contiki COOJA, with thorough comparisons with some existing protocols based on packet delivery ratio, average energy consumption, convergence time, control overhead, average end-to-end delay and average parent switching as performance metrics. The results reveal that our approach performs better. Depending on the protocol used for comparison, our approach reduced parent switching by 42.59–61.73%, convergence time by 20.31–66.06%, control overhead by 14.4–23.64%, energy consumption by 29.86–49.6%, end-to-end delay by 7.66–40.81% and increased packet delivery ratio by 2–42.92%.

Living Donor Liver Transplantation Using Right Posterior Section Graft in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patient With Hemophilia: A Case Report.

Liver transplantation is an important treatment option for liver cirrhosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. In Japan, the limited number of deceased donors may force the selection of living donor liver transplantation. Appropriate graft selection is the key to success. The patient, a 66-year-old male with hemophilia A, acquired HIV and HCV through blood transfusions. He had a multidrug-resistant HIV strain, requiring frequent changes in antiretroviral therapy. Although his HCV cleared spontaneously, liver fibrosis progressed. With a Child-Pugh score of 9 and a MELD score of 13, liver transplantation was considered. His child became the living donor. A factor VIII concentrate test was performed preoperatively, and his HIV treatment was adjusted to avoid drug interactions. The chosen graft was a posterior segment (graft-to-recipient weight ratio of 0.8), and surgery lasted 787 min with a blood loss of 7046 g. Factor VIII concentrate was stopped on the second postoperative day as activity increased. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 47. This is the first reported living donor liver transplantation using a posterior segment graft in a hemophilia patient coinfected with HIV and HCV. Liver transplantation can be safely performed by formulating a preoperative coagulation factor supplementation protocol.

A Study on Zone-Based Secure Multicast Protocol Technique to Improve Security Performance and Stability in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

Since MANET consists of only nodes and is in wireless communication with limited resources, cooperation between nodes is very important. Multicasting technology supports various applications that allow data to be immediately transmitted to target nodes. In environments such as MANET, where nodes are constantly moving, finding an efficient path from the source to the destination is a critical challenge. Providing integrity for the data transmitted from the source to the target node set is also an important part. Maintaining the state of neighbor nodes not only increases the communication and processing overhead but also requires more memory. In this paper, we propose a zone-based secure routing algorithm to improve the performance of routing protocols. We will also prove efficient management of node groups in an area and better scalability, performance, and security despite frequent topology changes by using group keys. To evaluate the proposed technique, detailed and extensive simulation performance with PAST-DM and MSZRP are evaluated. The simulation results show that the proposed technique, compared to other routing protocols, can achieve scalability by maintaining the routing load even if the speed of nodes, the number of sources, the number of group members, and the size of the network increase.

A Resilient Routing Protocol to Reduce Update Cost by Unsupervised Learning and Deep Reinforcement Learning in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based routing protocol has been proposed to establish paths in mobile ad hoc networks. However, due to the overhead of updating reward values according to frequent topology changes, existing protocols based on RL suffer from scalability problems with a large number of state and action spaces. To defeat this problem, in this paper, we propose a new resilient routing protocol by applying Unsupervised Learning (UL) prior to Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). In the former scheme, each node is clustered by mobility-resilient parameters. A reliable path that consists of only robust nodes in UL is decided by DRL with reasonable weight value through Multi-Objective Decision Making (MCDM). This approach leads to a reduction in update cost for reward value by excluding nodes that are considered severely affected by mobility. The comparative simulation results demonstrated that the proposed scheme outperformed the existing scheme in the aspects of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and energy consumption. Our protocol demonstrates up to 35% higher PDR and reduces energy usage by approximately 20% under high-mobility conditions compared to Q-Learning-based protocols.

Safety of Human USH1C Transgene Expression Following Subretinal Injection in Wild-Type Pigs.

This study aimed to evaluate early-phase safety of subretinal application of AAVanc80.CAG.USH1Ca1 (OT_USH_101) in wild-type (WT) pigs, examining the effects of a vehicle control, low dose, and high dose. Twelve WT pigs (24 eyes) were divided into three groups: four pigs each received bilateral subretinal injections of either vehicle, low dose (3.3 × 1010 vector genomes [vg] per eye), or high dose (1.0 × 1011 vg per eye). Total retinal thickness (TRT) was evaluated using optical coherence tomography and retinal function was assessed with full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG) at baseline and two months post-surgery. After necropsy, retinal changes were examined through histopathology, and human USH1C_a1/harmonin expression was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. OT_USH_101 led to high USH1C_a1 expression in WT pig retinas without significant TRT changes two months after subretinal injection. The qPCR revealed expression of the human USH1C_a1 transgene delivered by the adeno-associated virus vector. TRT changes were minimal across groups: vehicle (256 ± 21 to 243 ± 18 µm; P = 0.108), low dose (251 ± 32 to 258 ± 30 µm; P = 0.076), and high dose (242 ± 24 to 259 ± 28 µm; P = 0.590). The ff-ERG showed no significant changes in rod or cone responses. Histopathology indicated no severe retinal adverse effects in the vehicle and low dose groups. Early-phase clinical imaging, electrophysiology, and histopathological assessments indicated that subretinal administration of OT_USH_101 was well tolerated in the low-dose treatment arm. OT_USH_101 treatment resulted in high expression of human USH1C_a1. Although histopathological changes were not severe, more frequent changes were observed in the high-dose group.

Challenges in extracting and characterizing electrolytes from automotive lithium-ion cells.

The demand for lithium-ion cells in the automotive industry is rapidly growing due to the increasing electrification of the transportation sector. The electrolyte composition plays a critical role in determining the lifetime and performance of these large-format cells. Additionally, advancements in this field are leading to frequent changes in both electrode materials and electrolyte formulations. As a result, new analytical approaches are required to enable comprehensive characterization of the relevant components of the electrolytes used in lithium-ion cells. In this research a novel electrolyte extraction method is presented, enabling the quantitative electrolyte analysis in large format cylindrical lithium-ion cells under inert conditions. A liquid-liquid extraction of the cell materials is performed in a newly developed extraction chamber, in which the electrodes are rewound to ensure an efficient extraction. The design of the chamber allows the extraction of volatile and nonvolatile electrolyte components. The cells were filled with various electrolytes and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Using the developed method, up to 83% of the conductive salt and up to 89% of the solvents can be recovered. The first application of this method involved analyzing a cylindrical lithium-ion cell after formation. This method provides a crucial tool for mapping electrolyte compounds formed during degradation due to cycling or thermal aging. This analytical approach will offer valuable insights, contributing to a deeper understanding of lithium-ion cell systems and could enhance battery life and performance in the future.

Optimization of Continuous Steel Annealing Operations Using Model Predictive Control at Tata Steel, India

In steel manufacturing, continuous annealing is a crucial heat treatment applied to cold-rolled steel strips to achieve a prescribed temperature, which will ensure quality in terms of mechanical properties. However, controlling this process is challenging because of slow furnace temperature dynamics, significant time delays, frequent changes in the steel mass flow rate, target annealing temperature changes induced by steel grade transitions, and multivariable interactions within the furnace zones. To address these challenges, Tata Steel, India, with consultancy support from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, developed a novel model predictive control (MPC) technology-based solution for a continuous annealing furnace, which produces automotive grade steels. The dynamic model was developed using data from both perturbation trials and scraping historical processes. We then converted the model to a discrete-time state-space form and used it to formulate an optimal control problem over a moving time window. The solution generates optimal furnace setpoints by solving this finite-horizon optimal control problem each minute, ensuring smooth temperature transitions during steel grade changes while avoiding operational constraint violations. Tata Steel successfully implemented an MPC-based real-time supervisory optimal control solution, which became fully operational in January 2023. The implementation of the solution has led to a significant improvement in the proportion of annealed products meeting the premium quality band (±5°C of the target temperature), increasing from 30% (manually operated) to 50% (MPC operated), thereby ensuring better uniformity of properties. Furthermore, an 8% reduction in products outside the widest band (±15°C) has prevented the reprocessing of 13,000 tons of material from one line alone, annually. We have seen a consistent 8% reduction in specific fuel consumption per ton of steel. When considering Tata Steel’s current installations and those under commissioning, these improvements translate to savings of US$2.5 million and a reduction of 10,000 tons of CO2 emissions annually.

Experimental investigation of CF8 stainless steel impeller quality using PLA-based fused deposition modeling-assisted investment casting

Abstract The conventional Investment Casting (IC) process is extensively used for manufacturing parts with intricate shapes and complex geometries. However, its drawbacks include long cycle times and costly tooling, making it ideal for mass production but inefficient for frequent design changes, small batch production, or customized products. To address these challenges, a novel hybrid method known as Fused Deposition Modeling Assisted Investment Casting (FDMAIC) has been developed. In FDMAIC, the wax pattern is replaced by an FDM-printed pattern, while all other steps follow the conventional IC process. In this study, a semi-open impeller for a centrifugal pump was produced using FDMAIC, with Polylactic Acid (PLA) as the pattern material and CF8 for casting. Dimensional accuracy and surface roughness, key indicators of quality, were evaluated at both the printing and casting stages. Critical dimensions such as outer and inner diameters, shroud and blade thicknesses, and total height were measured, along with surface roughness at the shroud and blade surfaces. In the final cast, maximum dimensional deviation was observed in Outer diameter(−2.408 mm), and minimum dimensional deviation was observed in total height(−0.169 mm). The surface roughness values obtained at the shroud and blade surface of the final cast were 4.64 μm 6.67 μm, respectively. Microstructure and hardness testing were also performed on the FDMAIC impeller to validate the process. The results provide detailed insights into the feasibility of FDMAIC and suggest areas for further improvement.

쇼와 천황과 조선 통치 - 섭정시대부터 우가키 총독 시기까지

This paper examines the colonial governance under Emperor Shōwa, from the regency period through the tenure of Governor-General Ugaki. Emperor Shōwa, from his time as regent, accumulated knowledge and information about the colonies through various means, including advice from court insiders, visits to colonies (Taiwan, Karahuto), reports from colonial ministers and military officials, and dispatches of court officials (chamberlains) to the colonies. As a result, he became more well-versed in colonial issues than the frequently changing prime ministers or colonial ministers. When Emperor Shōwa ascended to the throne, it was a period of intensified influence of political parties in the governance of the colonies, leading to the radical “party-ization” of colonial rule. The frequent changes in party-led cabinets destabilized the position of the colonial governors, and an unprecedented incident occurred when the Governor-General of Korea was indicted by the prosecution, causing a severe blow to the governor's prestige. Moreover, with the economic crisis brought on by the Shōwa depression, along with popular resistance movements in the colonies such as the Gwangju Student Movement and the Wushe Incident, the colonial governance of the political parties faced a major crisis. In response, Emperor Shōwa opposed the appointment of a civilian as the Governor-General of Korea, aiming to stabilize the position of the governor, and emphasized his father Taishō Emperor's imperial will for “temporary cooperation” to prevent instability in colonial governance. In the mid-1930s, as Japan's invasion of China came to an end and the economy began to recover, Emperor Shōwa expressed a strong interest in Korean governance, urging financial independence for Korea and, at the request of Governor-General Ugaki, showing his intention to visit Korea. The Emperor's visit to Korea was initially postponed due to Ugaki's resignation but was later revived under his successor, Governor-General Minami. In this way, Emperor Shōwa was not merely a passive figure who gave formal approval to the decisions of the cabinet and colonial governors. He actively communicated his intentions to the cabinet and colonial governors, influencing governance through speeches (御言葉), inquiries (御下問), and directives (御沙汰), including decisions on the appointment of governors, qualifications for the position, and plans for visits to Korea.