Frequent Age Group Research Articles

Role of sonography in detection and evaluation of post liver transplant complications.

To evaluate the role of sonography in revealing and characterizing liver transplant complications based on gray scale and color Doppler, describe the normal Doppler findings, and discuss the significance of distinguishing normal transient changes in the spectral waveform from findings that may suggests ominous complications. We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study at Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The medical records and imaging studies of a total of 122 candidates who underwent transplantation between January 2016 to February 2022 were reviewed. Our results showed that most patients were males with the most frequent age group being those between 54-71 years. Hepatitis B virus and hepatic cellular carcinoma were the most common indications for transplants. A total of 95 patients received a graft from a living related donor. Regarding complications, biliary issues (including leaks and ducts dilation) were the second most frequent complication after collections. Vascular complications represented 7.4% of all complications and was the leading cause of death in 4.8% of cases. Among all vascular issues encountered during liver transplant, portal vein thrombosis was the most predominant. In respect to Doppler findings, portal vein velocities and resistive index of hepatic artery had re-averaged within 7-10 post-operative days in most patients. Ultrasound plays crucial role in the post-operative management of compilations, facilitating early detection, which is substantial for the graft survival.

Demographic and Clinical Characters of the Patient of Condylar Fracture Treated under the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in a Tertiary Level Hospital

Introduction: Mandible is the only mobile bone of the facial skeleton which plays an important role in mastication, speech and deglutition. Being a prominent bone of the facial skeleton, it is one of the most common facial bone to be fractured. Fracture in the mandible causes severe loss of function and disfigurement. Objective: The aim of this paper was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients of condyle fracture treated under the oral and maxillofacial department of a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive type of study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during June, 20 23 to December, 2023. A consecutive sampling technique was used and a series of 120 cases of condyle fracture aged 17-65 years of both sex were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version-23.0. Results: A series of 120 cases of condyle fracture patients were enrolled in this study. Among the patients, the most frequent age group was 30-39 years which includes 62(51.25%) patients. The mean age of the patients was 41.10±10.21 years. A significant gender disparity was observed, with 87(72.5%) of the patients being male. Most of the patients were service holder 63(52.5%). The major cause of injury of the patients was road traffic accident 75(62.5%).Among the study patients, 111(92.5%) had third molar teeth present. Of them, the most frequent 75(67.56%) patients had erupted third molar condition and 36(32.43%) patients had impacted third molar condition. According to distribution of type of impacted teeth, 21(50%) cases, had oriented vertically and followed by mesioangular 11(25%), disto-angular 4(10.7%), and horizontal 6(14.3%). According to distribution of condylar fracture, the most frequent 73 (6.25%) patients had non-displaced injuries. followed by displaced 36(30%) and dislocated 11(8.75%). Conclusion: This study investigated that road accident is the principal factor of condylar fracture and third molar teeth and its position has a significant impact on condylar fracture and at the same time the male are the more prone to condylar fracture than the female in Bangladesh

Comparative study on efficacy of benzoyl peroxide with adapalene versus plain adapalene in the treatment of acne vulgaris

BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a dermatological disorder of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by formation of comedones and inflammatory lesions. It is one of the most common skin manifestations among adolescents, also affecting the adult population. The treatment of acne basically involves reduction of lesions and prevention of permanent scarring. The current line of treatment for mild to moderate acne is topical medications with antimicrobials and retinoids. The present study assessed the efficacy of combination of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide in comparison to adapalene for topical treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy of topical adapalene and topical adapalene with benzoyl peroxide in treatment of mild to moderate cases of acne vulgaris. METHODOLOGY A prospective, comparative study was carried out among 84 patients with mild and moderate acne vulgaris visiting the Department of Dermatology, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal from December 2019 till March 2021. The patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups. Group A received topical adapalene whereas Group B received topical adapalene with benzoyl peroxide. The efficacy of treatment in both groups were determined based on the reduction of total lesion count. Both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions were counted at 4th week, 8th week and 12th week. RESULTS All patients were assessed according to Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) and grouped as mild and moderate. The most frequent age group affected by acne vulgaris was 18-22 years. The mean age was 22.15 ± 5.315. Females (64.30%) were affected more commonly than males (35.7%). Majority of patients presented with moderate or inflammatory acne lesions. The face (90.5%) was most commonly affected site by acne vulgaris. The number of patients enrolled in the study were 84 out of which 63 (75%) completed the study. It was found that the reduction of non-inflammatory, inflammatory and total lesion count from the baseline were highly significant in between and both the group (P<0.001). A total of 52.4% had very good result of the treatment, 44.4% of them had good result and remaining 3.2% of the patients’ result was fair. However, the efficacy of benzoyl peroxide with adapalene was found to be better than adapalene alone. CONCLUSIONThis study concluded that topical benzoyl peroxide with adapalene is more efficacious to treat mild to moderate acne vulgaris.

Neurectomy for allergic rhinitis in Japan: Increasing trends and surgeon preferences

ObjectiveThere is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique for allergic rhinitis (AR). Furthermore, the appropriateness of surgical intervention in children and older individuals remains debatable. This study aimed to analyze trends and patterns in the surgical management of AR in Japan, focusing on parasympathetic neurectomy. MethodsUsing the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB), we conducted a comprehensive review of procedures performed between April 2014 and March 2022. In addition, a cross-sectional survey targeting otolaryngologists across Japan was conducted to gather insights into surgical preferences and practices. ResultsThe NDB data showed an increasing trend in neurectomies, with the most frequent age group being 25–29 years; the procedure was also performed in pediatric and older patients. The survey among otolaryngologists indicated that 58.2 % of surgeons preferred peripheral branch neurectomy of the posterior nasal nerve. The findings of this study also indicated a cautious approach toward conducting these procedures in children, with 51.2 % of surgeons considering patients less than 18 years of age unsuitable for the procedure. ConclusionThis study highlighted a shift toward simple and minimally invasive surgical methods, such as peripheral branch neurectomy, in Japan. However, further research is needed to understand the long-term outcomes and refine the surgical techniques. The findings of this study also emphasized the need for age-specific considerations when treating pediatric and older patients with AR.

تأثير لقاح كوفيد -19 على الدورة الشهرية

Background: The implementation of vaccines is a major step in saving humanity from the consequences of COVID-19, and there has become hope for everyone in the world. Menstruation is a key indicator of overall women's health. The COVID-19 vaccination has been associated with changes in the menstrual cycle. Objective: To evaluate the effects of COVID-19 vaccines on the menstrual cycle. Methods: This is a face-to-face interview-based cross-sectional study that recruited 403 vaccinated women with the COVID-19 vaccine who had normal MC before receiving the vaccine for at least six months in Mosul, Iraq, from February 1 to July 31, 2022. We asked the women about their menstrual cycle parameters before and after the vaccination. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: The most frequent age group among study participants was 20–34 years (52.9%). About half of women (58.3%) had received the Pfizer vaccine. 12.2% and 13.65% of women reported significant changes in their menstrual cycle following the first and second doses, respectively. These changes included irregularities in the cycle and modifications in the amount and duration of menses, and the Pfizer vaccine was significantly responsible for these changes. Conclusions: In a small number of women who had a normal menstrual cycle before vaccination, post-Covid-19 vaccination menstrual cycle changes occurred, and the reported changes were not critical. This result can reassure the community about the vaccine's impact on the menstrual cycle.

Prevalencia de sífilis en gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Regional de Pedro Juan Caballero, en 2022

Introduction: Syphilis is a common pathology in our population, its early diagnosis is important to avoid complications in pregnant women and newborns since it can trigger serious complications in them. Objective: Determine the prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women treated at the Regional Hospital of Pedro Juan Caballero in the year 2022. Materials and methods: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study, where 5940 clinical records of pregnant women were analyzed at the Pedro Juan Caballero Regional Hospital in the period 2022, the study variables were sociodemographic aspects, gynecological-obstetric history and treatment. Results: Of the 5940 records analyzed, we found 74 patients with gestational syphilis, which corresponds to a prevalence of 1.24%, the most frequent age group was between 21 and 30 years in 45%, 80% of pregnant women with syphilis come from In the urban area, the diagnosis of gestational syphilis was made in 45% in children under 12 weeks of gestation and in relation to treatment, 66% of cases received 3 doses of benzathine penicillin.

The Effect of Cannula Drain in Reducing Edema and Ecchymosis after Rhinoplasty.

Rhinoplasty is one of the most common plastic surgeries and is commonly associated with postoperative edema, ecchymosis, and pain which play a role in patients' dissatisfaction. In this randomized comparative study, we discuss the effect of cannula drainage in the reduction of postoperative periorbital edema, ecchymosis, pain, and nasal obstruction after open structural septorhinoplasty. The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center from April to November 2022. We performed internal lateral osteotomy on all patients using the lateral saw and aided by lateral osteotome. At the end of the procedure, a cannula drain is prepared and inserted in the subperiosteal tunnel on the left side only. Patients were examined on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days for periorbital edema, ecchymosis, pain, and nasal obstruction, and each side is scored separately. A total of 40 patients (80 sides in total) were recruited, 22 females (55%) and 18 males (45%), all of whom were adults (18-44 years old; mean age 29 years). The most frequent age group is those younger than 20 years representing 35% of the sample and the males forming 33.3%. The reduction in edema and pain was statistically significant in the drained sides (p = 0.000) during all the postoperative days. On the other hand, ecchymosis was lower on the drained side but statistically insignificant (p = > 0.29). Nasal obstruction was reduced significantly only on the seventh postoperative day (p = 0.000). The postoperative morbidities associated with rhinoplasty could have important functional and psychological effects on patients. This study demonstrates that inserting a cannula in the subperiosteal tunnel for drainage in rhinoplasty yields a significant clinical and statistical decrease in postoperative periorbital edema and pain with little effect on ecchymosis and nasal obstruction.

CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS OF JAW PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY, KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY PESHAWAR

Objectives: To determine frequency, clinical and radiographic features of diff erent types of odontogenic cysts in patients reported to the department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar.Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted at department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar from November 2019 to October 2021.This study was conducted on 89 patients with histopathologically confi rmed reports of odontogenic cysts. Data with respect to age, gender, type of odontogenic cyst, clinical and radiographic features of these cysts were analyzed from the data obtained through a customized structured proforma.Results: Out of the total 89 patient, there was male predilection (2.17:1). The most frequent age group was 2nd and 3rd decades. Among diff erent types of odontogenic cysts, radicular cyst (37.1%) was the most common cyst followed by dentigerous cyst (33.7%) and odontogenic keratocyst (27%). The most common aff ected site was posterior mandible (46.1%). Paresthesia was present in 22.5% cases. Unicortical expansion was present in 59.6 % and bicortical expansion in 38.2% cases. Tenderness was present in 50.6% cases and teeth mobility in 28.1% cases. Needle aspiration test was positive in 78.7% cases. Mean size was 32.23mm + 14.53 standard deviation. Unilocular radiolucency was present in 74.2% and multilocular radiolucency in 25.8%. Root resorption was present in 64% cases and impacted tooth was associated with 52.2% odontogenic cysts.Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that odontogenic cysts frequently encountered during 2nd and 3rd decades of life and more common in males with a predilection for the posterior mandible. Radicular cysts are most frequent among the other types of odontogenic cysts. Majority of patients has cortical expansion and positive needle aspiration test. Impacted tooth is associated with all the dentigerous cysts and most of OKC‘s and none of radicular cyst. Odontogenic cysts can reach to a considerable size to involve even half of the mandible.

Visual Screening with Welch Allyn Spot.

Objective: Analysis of refractive errors and strabismus deviations following the visual screening of patients with the Welch Allyn Spot device. Material and Methods: This paper is a prospective cross-sectional study of 4281 patients examined with the Welch Allyn Spot device acquired by Lions Club Romania - District 124. The study was conducted between May 2019 and August 2021 and was performed with the help of Lions Club Romania. Results: In the present study, 4281 patients were evaluated and divided into 5 age groups (6-12 months, 12-36 months, 3-6 years, 6-20 years, and 20-100 years). The most frequent age group was 6-20 years, being identified in 51,97% of participants. We found that the most common refractive error was astigmatism, followed by hyperopia and myopia. Thus, (RE) the refractive errors found in the right eye were: astigmatism 93.23%, hyperopia 4.63%, and myopia 1.05%, and in the left eye (LE): astigmatism 90.40%, hyperopia 6.68%, and myopia 0.84%. Of all participants, 8.81% had horizontal strabismus, esotropia being found in the RE in 4.56% of the participants and the LE in 4.74% of them. Conclusions: The pediatric population was the most affected by astigmatism and esotropia. Abbreviations: RE = right eye, LE = left eye, SD = strabismus deviation.

Audiologic Profile of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Children

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME), the most common ear disease in pediatrics, can lead to hearing loss (HL) and might have a significant impact on a child’s auditory and speech development. Objectives: This study was conducted to indicate the audiologic profile of children with chronic OME who were scheduled for tympanostomy tube placement. Methods: Otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry, and tympanometry assessments were carried out in 663 children (420 males and 243 females) who had a chronic OME diagnosis and were scheduled for ear surgery. They were selected consecutively at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. The paired sample t-test was conducted to compare mean hearing thresholds before and after ear surgery. Results: The most frequent age groups affected by OME were 12 - 36 months (33.48%) and 36-72 months (31.67%). The majority of children (60.03%) showed retracted tympanic membrane (TM), and the most common color of the TM was yellowish-brown, observed in 74.20% of cases. Before surgery, the majority of patients demonstrated mild conductive hearing loss (61.08%) and a Type B tympanogram (73.75%). The myringotomy site of 61.53% of children was anterior-inferior. Four hundred-eight children indicated serous secretion. The mean pure-tone average before surgery was significantly reduced after surgery (45.23 ± 23.25 vs. 27.83 ± 15.86 dB HL, P = 0.001). This improvement was about 18 and 17 dB in the right and left ears 2 months after surgery, respectively. The postoperative findings also indicated that in 487 children (73.45%), hearing thresholds returned to normal limits. Conclusions: It is essential to address chronic OME promptly to prevent potential long-term impacts on a child’s hearing, speech, and language. Treatment options, such as watchful waiting or surgical intervention, depending on the severity and duration of the condition, are effective procedures in this group of patients.

EVALUACIÓN DE LOS PATRONES DE FARMACORRESISTENCIA DE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS EN UN HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE LIMA, PERÚ DURANTE 2022

Background. Tuberculosis is a public health problem considered to be the world's leading cause of death from an infectious disease among adults. Diagnosis is often challenging and is based on clinical, epidemiological, radiological, bacteriological, histological and biochemical findings. Timely diagnosis, identification of the susceptibility profile and follow-up compliance is important to enable more effective treatment and avoid severe forms of the disease. Aim. Describe the resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis identified in the period of the year 2022 at Hospital María Auxiliadora. Material and Methods. This is an observational, cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis throughout the year 2022 in the Tuberculosis Center of Excellence (TB COE), division of the respiratory medicine department at the Hospital Maria Auxiliadora, Lima, Peru. Data was collected from the medical records which was then included for the statistical analysis. The clinical and demographic characteristics were described by absolute frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the association between the sensitivity profile of tuberculosis and the independent variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. A total of 261 medical records were included in the present study. The most frequent age group was 17-59 years old, the majority were male (62.1%) and 15.7% were relapses, as established on national technical standard. Of the total, 89.7% were sensitive to first line drugs; 6.1% of the patients were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 0.8% presented extensively drug-resistance (XDR); likewise, 0.8% and 2.7% presented resistance for rifampicin only and resistance for isoniazid only respectively. HIV infection was found at 14.2%. The most common form of tuberculosis was pulmonary (49%) followed by pleural tuberculosis (21.8%). Conclusion. Tuberculosis is a worldwide condition whose drug-resistance patterns continue evolving. However, in our hospital, a southern Peru reference Center, most TB patients are still sensitive to first line drugs. Only a small amount of MDR and XDR patients were found. Moreover, the most common clinical presentation was pulmonary followed by pleural tuberculosis.

Pediatric Trauma and Trauma Team Activation in a Swiss Pediatric Emergency Department: An Observational Cohort Study.

Trauma is one of the most common causes of death in childhood, but data on severely injured Swiss children are absent from existing national registries. Our aim was to analyze trauma activations and the profiles of critically injured children at a tertiary, non-academic Swiss pediatric emergency department (PED). In the absence of a national pediatric trauma database, this information may help to guide the design of infrastructure, processes within organizations, training, and policies. A retrospective analysis of pediatric trauma patients in a prospective resuscitation database over a 2-year period. Critically injured trauma patients under the age of 16 years were included. Patients were described with established triage and injury severity scales. Statistical evaluation included logistic regression analysis. A total of 82 patients matched one or more of the study inclusion criteria. The most frequent age group was 12-15 years, and 27% were female. Trauma team activation (TTA) occurred with 49 patients (59.8%). Falls were the most frequent mechanism of injury, both overall and for major trauma. Road-traffic-related injuries had the highest relative risk of major trauma. In the multivariate analysis, patients receiving medicalized transport were more likely to trigger a TTA, but there was no association between TTA and age, gender, or Injury Severity Score (ISS). Nineteen patients (23.2%) sustained major trauma with an ISS > 15. Injuries of Abbreviated Injury Scale severity 3 or greater were most frequent to the head, followed by abdomen, chest, and extremities. The overall mortality rate in the cohort was 2.4%. Conclusions: Major trauma presentations only comprise a small proportion of the total patient load in the PED, and trauma team activation does not correlate with injury severity. Low exposure to high-acuity patients highlights the importance of deliberate learning and simulation for all professionals in the PED. Our findings indicate that high priority should be given to training in the management of severely injured children in the PED. The leading major trauma mechanisms were preventable, which should prompt further efforts in injury prevention.

Treatment of Infected Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia Using the Ilizarov Method and the Orr Dressing.

Objective This study aims to analyze outcomes and clinical and epidemiological data of infected tibial pseudarthrosis using the Ilizarov method and the Orr dressing. Methods Data from n = 43 patients diagnosed with infected tibial pseudarthrosis were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods. In addition, Paley's assessment criteria evaluated bone and functional outcomes. Qualitative variables were presented as the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies. The presentation of quantitative variables followed the D'Agostino-Pearson test. Results Thirty-seven (86.04%) subjects were males, and six (13.95%) were females. The most frequent age group among patients was 50 to 59 years old (25.6%), with a p-value = 0.8610. The treatment time was longer for the trifocal treatment (23.8 months) when compared to the bifocal treatment (15.6 months), with a p-value = 0.0010* (highly significant). Excellent bone outcomes represented 72.09% of the sample; 23.25% of outcomes were good. Functional outcomes were excellent in 55.81%, good in 6.97%, and regular in 27.90% of subjects. The Orr dressing (using Vaseline gauze) proved effective, achieving wound healing with soft tissue coverage in all patients evaluated. Conclusions The Ilizarov method resulted in a substantial change in the treatment of bone infections, especially infected pseudarthrosis. The versatility of this method has turned it into an effective tool, allowing the healing of the infectious process and the correction of potential deformities and shortening.

Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight Babies in Women Delivered in a Tertiarry Referral Hospital

Background: Low birth weight is an important indicator of reproductive health and general health status of population. LBW is considered as the single most important predictor of infant mortality, especially of deaths within the first month of life. It is also a significant determinant of infant and childhood morbidity, particularly of neurodevelopmental impairments such as mental retardation and learning disabilities. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with low birth weight. Material & Methods: It was a prospective cross sectional observational study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of January 2012 to June 2012. Total 308 samples were included in this study. All women ≥28 weeks of pregnancy who delivered a LBW baby during six months of study period were selected. The database was processed by the application of statistical package SPSS for windows version 24. Results: This study shows most frequent maternal age group was 20-25 years. The mean maternal age was 23.86±4.82 years. Fifty three percent (53%)were female and 46.76% were male babies. Low birth weight was associated with inadequate Antental care, pre-delivery weight <55 kg, height <145 cm, low socio-economic status, and anemia. ln LBW babies’ mother having regular antenatal care (23.8%\. The incidence of mild anemia was 10.71 o/o, moderate anemia 32.79% and there were 2.60% cases of severe anemia. Maternal factors including maternal height (27.92%), maternal weight (36.36%), anaemia (43.50%), placenta praevia (12.18%), eclampsia (20.29%), PROM (24.35%), preterm labour (15.42%), severe PET (8.12%), twin pregnancy (17.86%), heart disease (2.44%) and DM (1.620/o) were associated with low birth weight. 62.01% mothers had average food intake, 37.99o/o had poor food intake. Conclusion: The incidence of low birth weight is 19.05%. Maternal height, maternal weight, ANC, anemia, eclampsia, preeclampsia, PROM, preterm labor, sever PET, twin pregnancy and heart disease were associated with low birth weight. There is a need for national prospective research project to study the low birth weight problem at the national level. There is also a need to discourage teenage pregnancies and to encourage utilization of mother and child health services, and treat concomitant illnesses during pregnancy. Maternal malnutrition, inadequate antenatal care and poor weight gain during pregnancy are significant predictors for delivery of a low birth weight neonate.

Clinical Profile of Contact Dermatitis Patients at the Allergy-Immunology Division of Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic

Background: Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin response that can be caused by several things. This inflammatory reaction is most often caused by external compounds that become allergens or irritants to the body. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical profile of contact dermatitis patients at the allergy-immunology division of dermatology and venereology outpatient clinic of Dr. Soetomo general academic hospital. Methods: The sampling technique used in this study is a total sampling technique and was processed with Excel descriptively. Result: The most frequent age group diagnosed with contact dermatitis was the 20–45-year-old age group (45.5%). The most frequent gender was female (72.2%). The most frequent occupation was private employee (30.8%). The most frequent suspected causal factor was cosmetics (35.2%). Itching was the most common type of patient complaint (44.1%). Face was the most frequent location (30.8%). Erythematous macules were the most frequent clinical manifestation (45.9%). The diagnosis of contact dermatitis was divided into allergic contact dermatitis ACD (60.4%) and irritant contact dermatitis ICD (39.6%). The most frequent topical therapy was corticosteroid (53.2%). Meanwhile, the most systemic therapy is antihistamine (73.8%). Conclusion: ACD is more prevalent than ICD and is more prevalent in women between the ages of 20 and 45. The most prevalent occupation distribution is among private employees. Cosmetics are the most frequently suspected cause factor. Itch is the most common patient complaint. The face is where contact dermatitis occurs most frequently. Erythematous macules are the most frequent clinical symptom. Corticosteroids and antihistamines are the most commonly given medication.

Diferencias de edad y género en la frecuencia de atención en emergencias por trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad en la población peruana

Objective: To determine the frequency and risk of needing emergency care due toanxiety disorders and depression in the Peruvian population. Material and methods:Observational, case-control, retrospective study based on data from the PeruvianMinistry of Health between January 2021 and November 2022. All patients admitted tothe emergency room for anxious and depressive disorders were included according tothe codes of the international classification of diseases. Results: 74.2 % of women wereadmitted due to depression, the most frequent age group was young adults. 65,8 % ofadmissions for anxiety were women, the most frequent age group was the intermediateadult. Women were 2.14 times more likely to be admitted to the emergency room forproblems related to depressive disorder and 1.44 times more likely for problems relatedto anxiety disorder than men. Those under 18 years of age were 3.15 times more likely tobe admitted for depression-related problems, while adults 18 or older were 2.06 timesmore likely to be admitted to the emergency room for anxiety-related disorders thanthose under 18 years of age. Conclusion: Women are more likely to be admitted to theemergency room for problems related to anxiety disorder and depression than men;minors and those over 18 years of age have a higher risk of admission for depression andanxiety, respectively

Characteristic Features of Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients in Al-Dejail Hospital Region

Background: Covid-19 has been one of the affected countries during the pandemic from February 2020. The majority of published research have shown the demographic and clinical features of Covid-19 patients in various parts of Iraq, but not in Al-Dejail district, Salah AldenGovernorate. The baseline and clinical features of hospitalized COVID-19 patients hospitalized are described below.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in ِ Al-Dejail Emergency and Maternity Hospital from February 2020 until July 2020. Review of 100 admitted patients to the emergency unit was done and, the demographic and clinical manifestations was reported in patients with COVID-19 infection. The patients in this study were split into two groups: mild to moderate cases (percent) and severe to critically sick cases (78 percent). In accordance, a comparative analysis of all reported characteristics is performed.Results: The patients' mean age was 52.25±13.9 years, with 46-55 years being the most frequent age group. In terms of gender, smoking, or job, there was no statistically significant difference between the mild-moderate and seriously to critically ill groups (p > 0.05). Fever (84 percent), cough (82 percent), dyspnea (88 percent), and GIT symptoms were the most prevalent symptoms among the hospitalized patients. Except for obesity, diabetes, and CT results, there were no significant changes in clinical characteristics, co morbidities, or clinical outcomes between moderate and severe patients.Conclusions: The majority of COVID-19 patients were symptomatic and were older than previous reports ranges between 46 and 55 years. Obesity and diabetes mellitus were discovered to be strongly associated to the progression and severity of illness

Epidemiological Profile and Complications of Patients on the Waiting List for Liver Transplantation

Objective: To identify the epidemiological profile of candidates for liver transplantation and the complications that occurred up to the sixth month of admission to the waiting list. Method: Descriptive-exploratory study conducted in a liver transplant program located in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Candidates aged ≥ 18 of both genders who entered the waiting list between January 1, 2018, and February 28, 2019, made up the study sample, totaling 51 patients. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: The average age of the participants was 52.7 years, most male (60.8%) with incomplete primary education (58.8%). Arterial hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (51.4%). Most participants had blood type O (58.8%). The average Body Mass Index was 28.8 Kg/m²(overweight). Alcoholic cirrhosis was the most frequent indication for transplantation (31.4%). The average MELD score when joining the waiting list and six months later was 17.9 points. Class B of the Child-Pugh score had the highest frequency at the patient’s admission and the first follow-up. Ascites were the most frequent complication (56.9%), followed by portal hypertension (52.9%) and hepatic encephalopathy (33.3%). At the end of the study, 29 patients remained on the waiting list (56.9%), ten patients were transplanted (19.6%), and 12 died (23.5%).Conclusion: As for the epidemiological profile, the study’s results were in line with other studies, that is, participants with a predominance of male biological sex, most frequent age group of 50 to 59 years and low level of education. Concerning the identified complications, ascites were the most frequent. Among participants who did not remain on the waiting list, the number of deaths was more significant than the number of transplants performed, evidence that differs from other studies.

#3859 THE TREND OF RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN N. MACEDONIA FROM 2015 TO 2020: DATA FROM THE ERA-EDTA ANNUAL REGISTRY

Abstract Background and Aims Kidney Failure (KF) is treated with three modalities of renal replacement therapy (RRT): kidney transplantation (Tx), hemodialysis (HD), and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Our study aimed to present the trend of RRT in N. Macedonia from 2015 to 2020. Method The epidemiological retrospective study analyzed the patients with kidney failure by gender, age, etiology of kidney disease, and modality of RRT. The data were processed from the annual reports of the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA). The study patients were divided into group 1 (prevalent) with patients on the RRT at the current year, group 2 (incidence at Day 1) with patients on the RRT with a duration of at least 1 day, and group 3 (incidence at Day 91) with patients on the RRT with a duration beyond 91 days. Results A total of 10395 patients were analyzed with a mean age of 59.2 ± 9.5 years (median 60.4 years), of which 60.2% were male. From 2015 to 2019, there was an increasing trend in all groups, and most patients were reported in 2019. In group 1, 1598 patients were registered in 2015, and 1762 patients were registered in 2020, which is an increasing trend of 10.3%. The number of patients in group 2 was increasing every following year, with the highest growth in 2019 up to 12.1%, compared to 2018. The number of patients in group 3 also showed significant growth from 253 patients in 2015 to 324 patients in 2019, but there was a decrease of 16.4% in 2020 (271 patients). Deviations are observed in 2020, with a decrease in the number of patients in group 1 and group 3, as well as a slowdown in the growth dynamics of patients in group 2, which might be associated with the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. According to the modality, most of the patients (84.7%) were on HD in 2015 and 85.9% in 2020. The most frequent age group of patients was from 45 to 64 years, from 36.3% to 49.4%. There was an increasing trend of patients from older age groups (over 64 years) and male patients. The increasing number of patients from the age group 75+ years was also noted in all groups. Etiology of kidney disease: hypertension (25.8%) and diabetes mellitus (17.4%) were the leading causes of KF in patients requiring RRT. Conclusion The study showed a constantly increasing trend of patients with KF requiring RRT. The largest number of patients were men, aged from 45 to 64 years. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the leading causes of KF, and most of the patients were treated with HD.

Split-Thickness Skin Grafting of Traumatic Wounds in an Ecuadorian Center

Introduction: Split-thickness skin grafting is generally used for temporary or permanent coverage of cutaneous defects, including traumatic wounds; they are suitable for large areas of skin loss, granulating tissue beds, tissue loss across joints in areas where contraction will cause deformity, and where epithelialization alone will produce an unstable wound coverage. Objective: Describe graft size, wound location, associated complications, and hospitalization costs in patients who underwent split-thickness skin grafting for traumatic wounds Materials and Methods: retrospective, observational study conducted at Luis Vernaza Hospital during 2022. Data was obtained from the electronic medical records of the patients and organized using Microsoft Excel ®, later they were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 ®. A descriptive report of the clinical-demographic characteristics was made. The qualitative variables were described through frequencies and percentages. Results: 130 patients were included, 25.38% were female and 74.72% male. Most frequent age group was < 40 years (n = 73; 56.15%), most wounds presented in the lower extremities (n = 115; 88.46%) and were mostly caused by road traffic accidents (n = 72; 55.38%). In 86.15% of patients 100% of the grafts were integrated in less than 7 days. Total hospitalization costs averaged $1181.77, including the surgical procedure; maximum length-of-stay was 30 days with an average hospitalization cost of $3183.67. Comorbidities included type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypoproteinemia (40.59%). Complications included infection (22.77%), hematoma (0.99%) and one patient had a total graft loss. Conclusions: split-thickness skin grafting represents a reliable procedure for coverage of many cutaneous injuries, including traumatic wounds, with an acceptable success rate. By following the basic precepts of wound healing along with meticulous tissue handling, split-thickness skin grafting has the potential to play an important role in wound ........