Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna Research Articles

Frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna for multiband applications

Wireless communication technology is well-established, and several antennas have been developed and produced specifically for this purpose. However, antenna performance and communication system development need to be enhanced in order to adapt to the present era. The performance of the antenna is significantly influenced by its design. Thus, this work produced a novel wideband antenna design via the use of a frequency reconfigurable approach. In the recommended study, microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) were used in wideband applications to switch frequencies using shunt-series microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The suggested antenna, which has two switches built into it, is tested in ON-ON, OFF-ON, and OFF-OFF switching scenarios. Radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, bandwidth, and return loss are among the antenna performance metrics used to assess the suggested antenna's performance in each switching situation. The simulation findings suggest that the optimal antenna design for usage in wireless communication systems is one that works well with a shunt-series MEMS switch.

A new frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna based on implanting tuning capacitors

A new frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna based on implanting tuning capacitors

Inverted U-shaped Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip patch antenna for 5G communication systems

Inverted U-shaped Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip patch antenna for 5G communication systems

A Polarization and Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna for Vehicular Communication System Application

To face a complex wireless communication scenario, a flexible and tunable multi-functional antenna system should be employed to guarantee system quality. This paper presents a polarization and frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna with a wide 3-dB axial ratio beam-width for vehicle communication systems. By controlling the p-i-n diodes, the proposed design can achieve four operating states: linear polarization (LP) in lower frequency bands between 1.45 and 1.47 GHz, and LP, left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) in higher frequency bands between 1.50 and 1.53 GHz. The proposed antenna has an exceptionally low profile (0.02 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 1.5 GHz) and a simple structure, consisting of a single-layer square patch with two annular ring slots and four switches placed at appropriate locations in the slots. P-i-n diodes, as the switchs, change the current distribution on the radiating patch to achieve the antenna's polarization and frequency reconfigurability. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested, and the observed results are identical to those predicted by the simulation. The antenna has outstanding reconfigurable capabilities independent of frequency or polarization in the operational frequency range. Therefore, it can be well used for vehicular communication systems because of its multi-reconfigurability and stable mechanical property.

Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Multiband Applications with Shunt-Series MEMS Switch

The wireless communication system is well developed and lots of antennas are designed and fabricated for this application. Still, the evolution of the communication system, the performance of the antenna is required to enhance to adopt the present era. The design of the antenna is most important for the performance of the antenna. Therefore, this work is designed and developed a novel antenna design for wideband application by utilizing frequency reconfigurable technique. The proposed work utilized microstrip patch antenna for the application of wideband and the Shun-series MEMS switch is applied for switching the frequency. The proposed antenna is designed with two switches and investigated with the switching conditions like ON-ON, OFF-ON, and OFF-OFF. The performance of the proposed antenna is validated by utilizing the antenna performance metrices such as Return loss, bandwidth, gain, VSWR, and radiation pattern for each switching condition. The simulation results are shows that the proposed antenna design with shunt-series MEMS switch is effectively performed and it is most suitable for the application of wireless communication system..

Frequency reconfigurable circular microstrip patch antenna with slots for cognitive radio

In this paper, a novel multi-frequency microstrip antenna with complementary ring slot resonator (CRSR) structure that satisfies Bluetooth, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is proposed. The conventional antenna consists of a circular microstrip patch at a resonance frequency band of 2.5 GHz. By loading two CRSR at the radiating element, three operating frequency bands 2.5 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 5.2 GHz are achieved. The operational bands covered by the antenna are Bluetooth 2.5 GHz, WiMAX 3.6 GHz, and WLAN 5.2 GHz. The insertion of CRSR to patch antenna has made it possible to compact and simple design, and miniaturized antenna for cognitive radio. Moreover, the directivity of the proposed antenna is adequate with acceptable radiation properties and perfectly matches with the simulated and measured results.

Design and Simulation of a Compact Metal-Graphene Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna with FSS Superstrate for 5G Applications

Microstrip patch antennas are a very popular type of antenna due to their light weight, small size, and low manufacturing cost. However, they suffer from many disadvantages, such as poor gain and tuning difficulties, due to their narrow bandwidth. Graphene is a material that comprises a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure. One of the most useful features of graphene is its variable surface electrical conductivity, which can be altered by varying the DC voltage applied to the material. This method can be employed as a substitutional technique to construct tunable antennas. In this work, a compact tunable Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA) is designed and modeled using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio (MWS). The RMPA is optimized to work within two operating frequency bands of the fifth-generation communication system. The proposed antenna includes a copper radiating patch with two graphene layers inserted inside it, which are used for tuning. In order to enhance the parameters of the proposed antenna, such as gain and return loss, a frequency selective surface is utilized as a superstrate for 28 GHz band applications.

A compact frequency reconfigurable patch antenna with asymmetric armed U and reversed L slots for handheld wireless devices

Abstract A frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna with a combination of an asymmetric armed U-slot and a reversed L-slot etched on a rectangular base patch of 6 GHz resonant frequency designed on an FR4 substrate (ɛr = 4.4) is presented in this paper. Three RF PIN diodes are positioned at inimitable sites of these slots to achieve frequency reconfiguration. A DC bias circuitry, which includes DC blocking capacitors and RF blocking inductors, is integrated with the antenna structure for switching (ON/OFF) the PIN diodes. Six reconfigurable modes with resonant frequencies at 4.33, 4.63, 5.24, 5.87, 5.96, and 6.29 GHz is obtained with different ON-OFF combinations of these PIN diodes. These reconfigurable resonant frequencies cover two continuous bands from 4.21 to 5.43 GHz and 5.69 to 6.6 GHz and is considered to be useful for the applications like aeronautical radio navigation (4.3 GHz), sub-6-GHz 5G (4.4–5 GHz), WLAN (5.2 and 5.8 GHz) and Wi-Fi 6E (5.925–6.425 GHz). Measured gain of the antenna for all the modes varies between 5.86 dBi and 8.72 dBi.

A unique frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna for TV white space applications

Abstract TV White space has the potential to extend internet connection to remote areas worldwide. In this paper, a dual-band frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna has been designed for TV white space applications. Switching between the frequencies (reconfiguration) has been achieved by introducing a switch between two radiating strips on the top surface of the substrate. The prototype has been designed and fabricated on a cost-effective FR-4 substrate (εr = 4.4, tanδ = 0.02) with an overall dimension of 30 × 261 × 0.8 mm3. ON and OFF condition of the switch provides two operating frequency bands namely 626.7–778.11 MHz and 461.5–549.7 MHz The proposed monopole TV white space antenna operates with a peak gain of 2 dB with an efficiency greater than 85% in both the bands. The simulated and measured parameters are well-matched in both the operating bands along with desired radiation patterns suitable for TV white space applications.

Design and fabrication of multiband reconfigurable copper and liquid multiple complementary split-ring resonator based patch antenna

The paper presents a multiband frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna structure loaded by copper-based and water liquid-based superstrate resonators. The frequency tunability is achieved by three PIN diodes with the highest tunability of 320 MHz. The enhancement of gain is attained by the concept of superstrates in which the periodic structure implemented by copper-based and liquid-based split-ring resonators is considered for performance analysis. By loading the patch with the three copper-based and liquid-based split-ring resonators (SRR), the presented design achieves the maximum broadside directivities of 7.70 dB and 5.31 dB, and provides the maximum tunable frequency bandwidths of 250 MHz and 140 MHz, respectively. Out of all the configurations the copper-loaded three SRRs provide the peak gain of 9.11 dB. Comparison between simulated (by HFSS tool) and fabricated structures (using low profile material FR-4) is carried out in the frequency range from 6 MHz to 14 GHz for verification. The presented design opens a new way for achieving the different wireless communication applications such as satellite, aeronautical radio navigation, X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), etc.

Analysis of frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna with unidirectional radiation pattern for IRNSS band

This paper presents the numerical approach for dual-band frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna is the combination of rectangular patch and slot, which is separated by a narrow gap. Three RF PIN diodes are brought together to fill the gap and achieve dual-band frequency reconfigurability. It resonates at 1.1753 GHz (1.16 GHz—1.19 GHz) and 2.4895 GHz (2.47 GHz—2.51 GHz) with maximum gain of 1.20 dBi and 8.515 dBi, respectively. The antenna provides stable unidirectional radiation patterns at both the resonant frequencies during frequency reconfiguration operation. The proposed analytical model offers physical insight into the working of this antenna and can also be used to predict frequency switching before full-wave analysis is performed. The prototype is fabricated and compared with simulated results and is suitable for wireless communication systems especially for Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) receiver.

High gain and frequency reconfigurable copper and liquid metamaterial tooth based microstrip patch antenna

The manuscript represents an innovative frequency reconfigurable metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna. The proposed structure provides frequency tunability for multiple bands by using a PIN diode as a switch. The performance of the proposed antenna structure is simulated, fabricate, and compared for copper and liquid (water-sea) based split-ring resonator (SRR). The tooth is added to the outer of the split-ring resonator for gain enhancement and better frequency tunability. Frequency tunability is achieved by connecting the patch antenna with a PIN diode that reduces the size of the antenna. Five switching modes (all switch off, one switch on, two switches on, three switch on and all switch off) of the proposed antenna structure is presented and their reflectance response (s11), the number of bands, bandwidth, directivity, and total gain is compared for copper and liquid (water-sea) structure with and without a tooth. Results of Fabricated structure and simulated also compared. Frequency tunability is observed for a range of 3 GHz to 9 GHz. The proposed antenna is useful for a weather forecast, satellite communication, and raw satellite feed and many more.

High gain multiband and frequency reconfigurable metamaterial superstrate microstrip patch antenna for C/X/Ku-band wireless network applications

We present a metamaterial superstrate based microstrip patch antenna with PIN diode switches applicable for wireless network applications. Metamaterials in the form of square array and circle array are used as superstrate based on microstrip antenna. The superstrate layers are also working as radome and provide strength to the overall structure and improve different antenna parameters like gain and bandwidth. The design results in the form of reflection coefficient (S11), gain, and bandwidth are compared for different metamaterial superstrate. The reconfiguration in frequency is also achieved by adding PIN diode switches in the metamaterial superstrate. The design results show multiband and high gain behavior for metamaterial superstrate designs. We have also analyzed the effect of using liquid metamaterial superstrate on microstrip antenna design. The design results of liquid metamaterial superstrate design are also compared with copper material superstrate design and simple microstrip patch antenna design. The proposed metamaterial superstrate microstrip antenna design with PIN diodes can become a building block for C/X/Ku-band wireless network devices.

Frequency Reconfigurable elliptical microstrip patch antenna using resonator, partial removal in the ground, and PIN diode for L and C band applications

In this proposal a frequency reconfigurable elliptical patch antenna is proposed for L and C and application. A PIN diode with resonator is used to get the frequency switching. It has its bandwidths of 2 GHz and 2.5 GHz respectively in L and C bands when diode is OFF and band width of 3.7GHz in C band when diode is ON. The proposed model is simulated using commercial RF tool-HFSS. The substrate used in simulation is economical FR4 with 4.2 dielectric constant value and 1.6mm height having dimensions 40mm X 42mm in which the patch is 20mm X 40mm. The return loss (S11), VSWR, radiation pattern, E and H plane field strengths are obtained and the constructive simulated results mentioned, which are show the switching in frequency operation.

Microwave Wireless Power Transfer System Based on a Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna Array

The microwave wireless power transfer (MWPT) technology has found a variety of applications in consumer electronics, medical implants and sensor networks. Here, instead of a magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer (MRCWPT) system, a novel MWPT system based on a frequency reconfigurable (covering the S-band and C-band) microstrip patch antenna array is proposed for the first time. By switching the bias voltage-dependent capacitance value of the varactor diode between the larger main microstrip patch and the smaller side microstrip patch, the working frequency band of the MWPT system can be switched between the S-band and the C-band. Specifically, the operated frequencies of the antenna array vary continuously within a wide range from 3.41 to 3.96 GHz and 5.7 to 6.3 GHz. For the adjustable range of frequencies, the return loss of the antenna array is less than −15 dB at the resonant frequency. The gain of the frequency reconfigurable antenna array is above 6 dBi at different working frequencies. Simulation results verified by experimental results have shown that power transfer efficiency (PTE) of the MWPT system stays above 20% at different frequencies. Also, when the antenna array works at the resonant frequency of 3.64 GHz, the PTE of the MWPT system is 25%, 20.5%, and 10.3% at the distances of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 80 mm, respectively. The MWPT system can be used to power the receiver at different frequencies, which has great application prospects and market demand opportunities.

Design and Analysis of Frequency Reconfigurable Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication

Design and Analysis of Frequency Reconfigurable Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication

Design of a Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Multiband Applications

A simple frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna for multiband applications is proposed. It consists of two patches on the same FR4 substrate with a gap 1.8 mm in between them. Three RF pin diodes are employed for making the electrical connection between the patches. Frequency reconfigurability characteristic of this antenna is obtained by means of controlling the states of these pin diodes. The designed microstrip antenna can be reconfigured in five different resonant frequencies viz. 2.4, 4.26, 4.32, 4.58 and 5.76 with acceptable return loss. All the reconfigurable states provide a fixed radiation pattern.

ASYMMETRICALLY SLOTTED, TUNABLE AND SINGLE MODE CIRCULARLY POLARISED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR IoT APPLICATION

A frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna with RT/duriod5880 as substrate is proposed for IoT application. The operation of IoT devices at different frequencies and as per requirements can be achieved by switching the PIN diode OFF and ON simultaneously with the help of biasing circuit. The biasing circuit can be controlled with the help of single microcontroller. A combination of four microwave PIN diode has been used to achieve the different frequency of operation. This paper shows total 15 modes of operation of antenna with frequency reconfigurability at different switching combinations. The antenna’s performance is shown in C band. This frequency reconfigurable antenna is designed to operate at multiple bands [4.2GHz, 4.4GHz, 5GHz, 5.2GHz, 5.4GHz, 5.6GHz, 6GHz and 6.6GHz]. It also exhibits circular polarization with wide beam-width of 206 degree at 5GHz when all diodes are in ON state i.e. 15th mode.

Design and Analysis of Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch antenna for Multi Band Operations using PIN Diodes

Multiband reconfigurable patch antenna plays a vital role in wireless communication applications. By changing the current path on the patch a multiband reconfigurable antenna can be achieved. A simple multiband frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna structure is simulated in CST microwave studio. This antenna operates between 1.3 to 5.6 GHz with more than fifteen different frequencies. The antenna is analyzed for four different configurations. The designed antenna is resonating at five different frequencies (1.45 GHz, 2.36 GHz, 3.09 GHz, 3.6 GHz and 5.45 GHz) when both PIN diodes are ON. When PIN diode D1 is ON and D2 is OFF the antenna is resonating at 1.4 GHz, 2.22 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.08 GHz and 3.59 GHz. When D1 is OFF and D2 is ON the antenna is resonating at 2.34 GHz, 3.2 GHz, 3.62 GHz and 5.38 GHz frequencies. The slotted antenna or when both PIN diodes are in OFF condition antenna is resonating at 2.22 GHz, 2.49 GHz, 3.21 GHz, 3.6 GHz and 5.42 GHz. For each configuration the antenna parameters like gain, VSWR, directivity and radiation patterns are analyzed.

Design and Implementation of Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna

In this paper, radio wire recurrence reconfiguration is finished utilizing a proficient method. Traditional radio wires work at a specific recurrence run henceforth it is intended for explicit application and we can't work it on different frequencies. This proposed radio wire is equipped for changing to two distinct frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 2.754 GHz. Stick diode MA4P274-1141T has been presented on the ground plane. Stick diode which can switch among two diverse recurrence groups. The anticipated recieving wire has been planned utilizing RT/Duroid substrate with a relative dielectric steady of 2.2, misfortune digression of 0.0009 and thickness of 1.575 mm. Contrasted with regular recieving wires, reconfigurable radio wires talked about in this paper work at two distinctive recurrence ranges and furthermore it improves the exhibition. In this paper a smaller recurrence reconfigurable microstrip fix recieving wire has been given less return misfortune and high gain in contrast and the customary one. HFSS programming is utilized for reenactment and examination.