Frequency Of Various Types Research Articles

Synchrosqueezing transform-based identification of time-varying structural systems using multi-sensor data

In this paper, a hybrid time-frequency method combining Synchrosqueezing Transform (SST) and Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEMD) is proposed for the identification of time-varying structural systems. MEMD is first used to decompose the closely spaced modal responses of structures into mono components, and SST is then used to track time-varying modal frequencies with a better time-frequency resolution, thereby improving the capability of both methods. A single degree-of-freedom model is first used to study the sensitivity for damage duration and frequency resolution of the SST under measurement noise. The proposed method is then validated using a multi-degree-of-freedom simulation model, an experimental model, and a full-scale study using MIT Green Building data. The results show that the proposed method has successfully identified time-varying frequencies of various types of structures under different extent of measurement noise.

Compliance or management: The benefits that small business owners gain from frequently sourcing accounting services

Background: Despite calls by scholars for small business owners (SBOs) to seek external consultation from accountants, empirical work demonstrating the relationship between the frequency of various types of services sourced and the perceived benefits obtained remains neglected. Aim: The purpose of this article was to determine the benefits that SBOs obtain from the frequency by which they source different types of accounting services. Setting: Survey data were collected from a sample of 422 South African SBOs. Small business owners are defined as those who own a distinct business entity with no more than 200 employees. Methods: The study followed a quantitative research approach. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. Results: Overall, the study found that the frequency by which different types of accounting services are sourced influences SBOs’ perceptions of the levels of management versus compliance benefits obtained. Results show that SBOs that frequently source the service of submitting income tax returns perceive the relationship with their accountant to provide significant compliance benefits. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that source tax planning services and routine accounting services from their accounting practitioners experience significant compliance and management benefits. Results confirm the notion that no significant benefit are gained from year-end accounting services, such as the preparation and audit of annual financial statements. Conclusions: The study advises SBOs not to limit their perceptions regarding the role of an accountant to that of a compliance officer. The article suggests that by sourcing advisory services more frequently, SMEs could overcome the difficulties associated with an internal lack of financial skills.

Evaluation of the Various Clinical Presentations of Adult CNS Tuberculosis

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is one of the most important extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) causing considerable mortality and morbidity. Presentations of CNS TB are extremely variable. Treatments are generally more effective if the disease can be detected early. This study is to find out the various clinical patterns and investigation findings that might help in early detection of CNS TB.
 Objective: This study was conducted to detect various clinical manifestations of adult CNS TB at an earlier stage of evaluation.
 Methods: This was a hospital based observational study (cross sectional type) conducted on 30 patients of CNS TB who were admitted in Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka during a period of 6 months from October 2013 to April 2014
 Results: Among the participants 53% were male and 47% were female, with a male female ratio of 1.13: 1. Mean age of the participants was 35.17±6.14 years. Tuberculosis involving brain (i.e. cranial TB) was most common (30.4%) in 15-24 years age group whereas spinal form of TB was most common (42.8%) in 25-34 years age group. Mean age of the participants having Brain TB was 36.46±6.90 years. Mean age of the participants having spinal TB was 32.36±12.52 years. Highest number of the cranial forms of TB was tuberculoma (52.2%) in this study and was found mostly in the young adults. Spinal TB was found in 25-34 years age group in highest number, all but one were Potts disease. Tuberculoma and tuberculous meningitis had an equal distribution in female sex while males had a higher (53.8%) occurrence of tuberculoma. On the other hand, spinal involvement was commoner in male sex (43.5%).Fever was the most common symptom noted in all forms of CNS TB patients (78.26% for brain and 71.43% for spinal cord TB patients) followed by headache and loss of consciousness representing 2nd and 3rd common symptom in brain TB patients. Most common clinical signs in brain TB were signs of meningeal irritation (65.22%), cranial nerve palsies and papillodema while spastic paraparesis with sensory level being the commonest in spinal cases. Tuberculoma was the most frequent neuro-radiologic findinds in case of brain TB patients and paraspinal soft tissue shadow with vertebral collapse was commoner in spinal TB patients.
 Conclusion: This study has highlighted the relative frequency of various types of brain and spinal TB lesions along with the symptoms, signs and laboratory findings in Bangladeshi adult patients. In Bangladesh, tuberculosis should be always an important differential diagnosis in patients of fever with headache as well as spastic paraplegia or quadriplegia for any duration in any sex group.
 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 76-84

Cytomorphological patterns of palpable breast lesions diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology in females

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and is a leading cause of death worldwide. This study was planned to find out the frequencies of various types of lesions from palpable breasts of female patients through fine needle aspiration cytology. This retrospective study was carried out during December 2017 to May 2018 on 100 female patients presenting with palpable breast mass at University Medical Complex & Research Center, Sargodha, Pakistan. Following written informed consent from patients, a detailed history, patient age, and clinical examination were recorded. The fine needle aspiration cytology was performed and aspirates were processed following the standard methods for cytopathological examination. The cases were grouped according to the five tier reporting format for breast lesion (C1–C5) laid down by the International Academy of Cytologists (IAC) in 2016. The spectrum of breast lesions on cytomorphological interpretation was 54% benign (C2), 2% atypia/suspicious probably benign (C3), 3% suspicious probably malignant (C4) and 41% malignant (C5). Inadequate/insufficient material (C1) was not included in the study. In this study, the specificity, sensitivity, negative and positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology were 100%, 91.11%, 98.18%, 100%, and 98.96%, respectively. In benign lesions, maximum cases were of fibroadenoma (24%) followed by fibrocystic disease (4%), lipoma (3%) while benign phyllodes tumor and galactocele were only 1% each. Breast mass was the chief presenting complaint. Breast cancer was commonest among all the morphological patterns of breast lesions followed by fibroadenoma. This study supports that cytological examination using fine needle aspiration cytology is an economical, rapid, easy and valuable diagnostic tool.

Frequency of Various Types of Beta-Lactamase Enzymes inEscherichia coliStrains Isolated From Urine Samples in Aliabad, North-east of Iran

Background: Beta-lactam resistance is rising in gram-negative bacilli. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of β-lactamase enzymes, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), and AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples of the patients referred to medical laboratories in Aliabad. Methods: A total of 780 urine samples were collected from patients suspected of having urinary tract infection (UTI). In positive urine samples, E. coli strains were identified by biochemical tests. The antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by disk diffusion method and phenotypic confirmatory test was performed for detecting ESBLs, MBL and AmpC beta-lactamases producers. Results: Out of 780 urine samples, 250 E. coli strains were isolated from the positive samples. The majority of the isolates (more than 90%) were resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin. However, imipenem was an effective antibiotic among the isolates. The frequency of the ESBLs, MBL and AmpC beta-lactamases producers were determined to be 40%, 16.8%, and 30%, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, the high frequency of MBL and AmpC beta-lactamases may suggest an increasing trend of resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems. This could have a great impact on the management of UTI cases in and out of hospital. It seems that continuous monitoring is highly essential in detecting resistant cases.

Epidemic characteristics and related risk factors of occupational exposure for pediatric health care workers in Chinese public hospitals: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundHealth care workers have a high risk of occupational exposure. However, the risk of occupational exposure for pediatric health care workers has not been acknowledged in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occupational exposure rate of pediatric health care workers in Chinese public hospitals, to explore risk factors for occupational exposure, and to put forward corresponding countermeasures to reduce occupational exposure of pediatric health care workers and protect their physical and mental health.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with pediatric health care workers in 43 hospitals in 15 provinces in eastern, central, and western China between July and October 2018. With this sample, we computed the descriptive statistics of the demographic characteristics, calculated the frequency of various types of occupational exposure, and tested risk factors for occupational exposure using a chi-squared test and binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsMost respondents were nursing staff (61.1%) and workers with a low-ranking professional title (50.5%). The most common style of occupational exposure in our sample was a hazard in the work environment (62.6%). Notably, physicians were less likely to experience occupational exposure than nurses (OR = 0.320, 95% CI = 0.241, 0.426). Meanwhile, pediatric health care workers who interpreted the doctor-patient relationship as harmonious (OR = 0.304, 95% CI = 0.152, 0.607) were less likely to suffer occupational exposure.ConclusionPediatric health care workers in Chinese public hospitals have a high occupational exposure risk and the risk factors are complex and diverse. The state, society, hospitals should acknowledge this issue and develop strategies to protect the physical and mental health of pediatric health care workers.

A study on Etiology and incidence of formation of types of Anorectal malformation: A prospective study

Background: Anorectal malformations are one of the most common congenital defects. This study was undertaken to study the hospital incidence of anorectal malformations (ARM), frequency of various types of defects, their sex distribution and the spectrum of anomalies associated with ARM. Materials and Methods: Ninety consecutive children attending the paediatric surgery department were included in this study. A detailed history was taken, and examination was performed for the primary as well as the associated defects. Appropriate investigations like invertogram, cologram were done wherever indicated. Management was as per the standard protocol. The data was recorded and analyzed. Results: Out of the 90 patients, 52 (57.77%) male patients and 38 (42.22%) female patients. Most of our patients presented within first 24 hours of life. Patients who presented after 72 hours were either female patients with anovestibular malformation or male patients with anocutaneous fistula. In the present study, High anomalies are the most common anorectal malformation in this study. Cardiac and Urological abnormalities are the most common associated anomalies with anorectal malformation. In this study we have performed ultra sound in all and voiding cystourethrogram in87/90 patients. In 29 patients ultrasound was abnormal. VCUG was abnormal in 25 patients. Conclusions: Anorectal malformations occurred equally in males and females. Females had intermediate defects more frequently, rectovestibular fistula being the commonest. Males were more likely to have high lesions; anorectal agenesis without fistula was the commonest defect. The most common associated defects seen were vesicoureteric reflux and esophageal atresia. Complications were seen more commonly in males with high lesions. There was a significant association between presence of an associated defect and mortality and morbidity.

Computational Study on the Steady Loading Noise of Drone Propellers: Noise Source Modeling with the Lattice Boltzmann Method

In the present study, a new computational methodology is explored to compute the acoustic field of drone propellers using noise source modeling with the lattice Boltzmann method. A simple mathematical model of steady loading noise for predicting the blade passing frequency (BPF) tone and harmonics at low frequencies (100–1000 Hz) is proposed and tested for various types of drone propellers. The computed result is in a reasonably good agreement with NASA’s measured sound pressure level (SPL) for APC-SF and DJI-CF two-blade single drone propellers rotating at 3600–6000 revolutions per minute. It replicates well the feature of an even number of BPF harmonics for the tested model propellers, showing the decaying slope of $$-\,6$$ for the first two BPF and harmonic peaks in the SPL spectrum. Notably, the proposed steady loading noise model shows all components of RPS harmonics with different magnitudes for different blade sizes and rotor arrangements, such as tricopter and quadcopter. The proposed method can be used for predicting and analyzing tones at low frequencies for various types of open rotor systems, such as multicopters and distributed electric propulsion vehicles.

Motivations for sharing marketer-generated content on social media: a comparison between American and Korean college students

PurposeThis study examined both American and Korean consumers’ motivation to share marketer-generated content (MGC) on Facebook and how these motives are related to the frequency of various types of sharing activities and the frequency of sharing various types of MGC.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted in the US and Korea.FindingsThe findings demonstrated that both American and Korean consumers share MGC for several reasons: liking/helping the brand, self-presentation/social interaction, economic rewards, and entertainment. In addition to these four motivations, Korean consumers also share MGC with others to offer information that may be of use to them. These different types of motivations were associated with the frequency of sharing MGC directly from Facebook brand pages, of re-sharing what Facebook friends shared first, of adding comments when sharing, and of sharing different types of MGC differently. We found similarities and differences in the patterns of these relationships between the US and Korea.Originality/valueAlthough many studies on electronic word of mouth (eWOM) have examined consumers’ motivations for providing consumer-generated content, research on consumer motivations to forward marketer-generated content is scarce. Additionally, earlier work examined the influences of motivation on sharing in general and on a certain type of MGC. Our findings that focused on various types of motivations to share MGC, and their influences on various types of MGC and specific types of sharing activities can provide a more complete picture than what was previously available in the eWOM literature. Further, by comparing American consumers’ motivations to share MGC on SNSs and their influences on sharing activities with those of Korean consumers, this study contributes to building a body of cross-cultural studies on consumer sharing of MGC.

Consider using selected antiepileptics to reduce the frequency of various types of headaches

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are among the best studied medications for the prevention of migraine and other headache disorders. The efficacy profiles of topiramate and valproate in headache prophylaxis are well established relative to those of other AEDs. Clinical data for other AEDs are generally limited, conflicting and/or show a lack of efficacy. Several factors, including the patient’s headache frequency and severity, tolerance of adverse events and the potential for pregnancy, should be considered when selecting an AED for headache prevention.

Process working condition recognition based on the fusion of morphological and pixel set features of froth for froth flotation

Process condition recognition is an effective way to improve the froth process performance. In previous condition recognition algorithms based on machine vision in flotation process, the used features including gray value, bubble size distribution, load, etc., are essentially statistical results of gray level images and there is local bubble structure information loss in their extraction procedure. Meanwhile, the large number of image data are not adequately utilized. Thus, in this paper, deep neural network are used to extract the pix set features, and a two-step condition recognition method based on bubble image morphology and pixel set features is proposed, which utilizes the large number of image data. First, froth images are segmented into single bubble images. Next, the morphological feature vector of a single bubble image is extracted and classification labels are assigned to the single bubble images via K-means clustering. A large quantity of historical images is analyzed and labeled to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) by which the pixel set features of each bubble image are extracted. The morphological feature vector and pixel set features of the bubble images are then fused for bubble image clustering using the weighted mean-shift algorithm. The frequencies of various types of bubbles in a froth image are calculated to form a bubble frequency set for the froth image. A two-step working condition recognition strategy based on image sequence over a time period is then proposed. In this strategy, the bubble frequency sets of all froth images and those of the bubble images segmented from the froth images over the corresponding time period are matched with those of the images of typical flotation conditions in two main steps to determine the current working condition. Test results using industrial data demonstrate the high accuracy and calculation speed of the proposed method.

Associated Valvular Heart Diseases among ASD Patients Undergoing Surgical Repair

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are one of the most common developmental errors in humans.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the frequencies of various types of atrial septal defect (ASD) and associated cardiovascular disorders in patients undergoing surgical repair.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients undergoing surgical repair at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) or the National Heart Foundation and Research Institute (NHF & RI) in Dhaka, during the period of July, 2010 to June, 2011. Patients presented with ASD at any age of both sexes were selected as study population. Diagnoses were revealed with echocardiography and confirmed preoperatively by registered cardiac surgeons.Results: The morphological types of ASD were ostium secundum type in 96% cases and sinus venosus type in 4% cases. Atrial septal defects were either small or larger defects associated with pulmonary hypertension in 38 (76%) cases, varying degree of tricuspid regurgitation was seen in 33 (66%) patients and dilated pulmonary artery was noted in 24 (48%) cases. Ventricular septal defect in 4 (8%) cases, tricuspid atresia in 2 (4%) cases and mitral valve prolapse in 6 (12%) cases were also observed.Conclusions: Ostium secundum type of ASD is found to be the commonest type of ASDJournal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2018;5(2):60-63

The Consumption of Conventional and Nonconventional Medicines in an Italian Province: The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors and Health Beliefs.

Many studies have investigated the factors that influence the consumption of medicines. This article aims to compare how these factors affect both conventional medicines (prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medicines) and nonconventional ones, also named as complementary and alternative medicines (CAM). A questionnaire was administered to a purposive sample of 4,074 inhabitants of the province of Mantua, Italy. Logical regressions were used to identify the variables influencing frequency of use. The consumption frequency of various types of medicines was associated not only with demographic aspects (such as gender, age, and education level) but also with everyday treatment strategies (such as self-medication habits and use of the Internet for medical aims) and health beliefs. From this last point of view, the use of conventional and nonconventional medicines is guided by 2 principal therapeutic attitudes, one aimed at removing all pathological aspects from everyday life and the other at contextualizing health problems within a broader philosophical search.

Use of Regional Anesthesia for Outpatient Surgery Within the United States: A Prevalence Study Using a Nationwide Database.

Regional anesthesia is of benefit for outpatient surgery given its demonstrated improvement in analgesia and decrease in complications, resulting in shorter average recovery room times and lower hospital readmission rates. Unfortunately, there are few epidemiological studies outlining the overall utilization of peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) in this setting. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to report the overall utilization of several types of PNBs among all candidate cases in the outpatient setting within the United States. We identified all cases from the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry that were performed as an outpatient surgery. We reported the frequency of various types of PNBs among all candidate cases, defined as cases that potentially could have received a PNB. Changes in prevalence of PNB utilization from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed by using logistic regression. Of the 12,911,056 outpatient surgeries in the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry, 3,297,372 (25.5%) were amenable to a PNB. However, the overall PNB frequency was only 3.3% of the possible cases. The overall utilization for PNB of the brachial plexus, sciatic nerve, and femoral nerve were 6.1%, 1.5%, and 1.9%, respectively. The surgical procedures generating the highest volume of PNBs were shoulder arthroscopies and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, in which 41% and 32% received a PNB, respectively. During this time period, there was a significant increase in overall PNB utilization for both single-injection and continuous PNB (P < .0001). However, the proportion of continuous PNB to single-injection PNB did not increase significantly. While the overall frequency of PNB is relatively low, there was a significant increase in its prevalence during the study period. Regional anesthesia offers significant positive impact for perioperative outcomes and hospital efficiency metrics; however, it is not clear what is limiting its widespread use. Future studies are necessary to identify barriers and disparities in care to implement methods to increase regional anesthesia volume nationwide where beneficial and appropriate.

Sexual Behavior in Germany.

There have not been any population-based surveys in Germany to date on the frequency of various types of sexual behavior. The topic is of interdisciplinary interest, particularly with respect to the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections. Within the context of a survey that dealt with multiple topics, information was obtained from 2524 persons about their sexual orientation, sexual practices, sexual contacts outside relationships, and contraception. Most of the participating women (82%) and men (86%) described themselves as heterosexual. Most respondents (88%) said they had engaged in vaginal intercourse at least once, and approximately half said they had engaged in oral intercourse at least once (either actively or passively). 4% of the men and 17% of the women said they had been the receptive partner in anal intercourse at least once. 5% of the respondents said they had had unprotected sexual intercourse outside their primary partnership on a single occasion, and 8% said they had done so more than once; only 2% of these persons said they always used a condom during sexual intercourse with their primary partner. Among persons reporting unprotected intercourse outside their primary partnership, 25% said they had undergone a medical examination afterward because of concern about a possible sexually transmitted infection. Among some groups of persons, routine sexual-medicine examinations may help contain the spread of sexually transmitted infections. One component of such examinations should be sensitive questioning about the types of sexual behavior that are associated with a high risk of infection. Information should be provided about the potential modes of transmission, including unprotected vaginal, oral, and anal intercourse outside the primary partnership.

Interaction with a bovine cortical bone in the Finnraccoon (Nyctereutes procyonoides ussuriensis)

Finnraccoons (Nyctereutes procyonoides ussuriensis) are farmed for their fur. The welfare of Finnraccoons in the current housing conditions has not been thorough documented. The aim of the present study is to measure the juvenile Finnraccoons’ interaction with a commonly used activity object, namely bovine cortical bone. The subjects of the study were 16 sister pairs of juvenile Finnraccoons (born in May) housed in commercial housing conditions. The behaviour of the Finnraccoons was recorded and the interaction with the bone was registered from video recordings in two time points; at the time when the deciduous teeth are being replaced with the permanent ones (September), and later in autumn (November). In order to evaluate how much the Finnraccoons value the access to the bone, the effect of two-weeks deprivation of the bone was recorded in half of the animals (8 pairs of Finnraccoons) in both time points. The duration and frequency of various types of interactions with the bone were continuously recorded for 15 mins from each hour of the day and statistically analysed by using Linear Mixed Model (SAS). The Finnraccoon pairs interacted with the bone a mean from 2 to 8% of time. The time (month) did not affect the interaction with the bone, but both the percentage of time and frequency of the interaction with the bone increased after the deprivation treatments (after returning the access to the bone) in the Finnraccoons deprived of the bone. Oral activities were the most frequent activities with the bone, but oral activity combined with the use of paws was the longest duration interaction with the bone. The interaction with the bone was not randomly distributed throughout the day, but was most intense in early morning. The present results show that the Finnraccoons interact regularly with a bovine cortical bone, and they do not lost interest towards the bone with time. The bone induces various behaviours and provides a long lasting, biologically and behaviourally relevant activity object in the Finnraccoon. Bone is a significant environmental enrichment in the Finnraccoon.

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Associated Cardiovascular Disorders in Patients Undergoing Surgical Repair

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are one of the most common developmental errors in humans.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the frequencies of various types of atrial septal defect (ASD) and associated cardiovascular disorders in patients undergoing surgical repair.Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on patients undergoing surgical repair at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) and National Heart Foundation and Research Institute (NHF&amp;RI) in Dhaka during the period of July, 2010 to June, 2011. Patients presented with ASD at any age of both sexes were selected as study population. Diagnoses were revealed with echocardiography and confirmed preoperatively by registered cardiac surgeons.Results: The morphological types of ASD were Ostium secundum type in 96% cases and sinus venosus type in 4% cases. Atrial septal defects were either small or larger defects associated with pulmonary hypertension in 38(76%) cases, varying degree of tricuspid regurgitation was seen in 33(66%) patients and dilated pulmonary artery was noted in 24(48%) cases. Ventricular septal defect in 4(8%) cases, tricuspid atresia in 2(4%) cases and mitral valve prolapse in 6(12%) cases were also observed.Conclusions: Ostium secundum type of ASD is found to be the commonest type of ASD.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2015; 7(1):18-21

A study of the dietary habits of school children in Pune city, Maharashtra, India

Background: Diet and nutrition of children influence their current health status and scholastic performance and also have long term consequences reaching well into their adulthood. Further, diet preferences and practices acquired during childhood usually persist for life. Data on nutritional intake of school children is required by public health policy makers to be able to formulate nutritional intervention and also for nutritionists and general practioners to be able to advice parents and care givers regarding the inadequacies in the diet. This study was carried out in Pune city, to study the dietary patterns and preferences of school children in the age group five to eleven years.Methods: Qualitative diet survey was carried out by oral questionnaire method. The data collected was on the food habits, frequency of various types of food eaten and the preferences/dislike to various food items. A database was created in MS Excel and Epi Info was used to analyze data. Appropriate inferential and descriptive statistics were calculated.Results: Around 50% of the children were non-vegetarians and only around 6% were vegetarians. Around 70% of children consumed milk daily though a majority insisted that milk is their least preferred food item. Only 5% children consumed green leafy vegetables daily. A majority of children consumed fruits two to six times. Snacks, fast food and processed food were the most preferred food by the children.Conclusions: Food habits acquired during childhood persist into adulthood and form the basis of either good health or ill health, as the case may be, in the coming years. Hence there is a need to educate parents, especially in the middle and higher socioeconomic groups regarding correct dietary habits for the children to ensure that they can live healthy and productive lives as adults.

Lymphoma in Taiwan: Review of 1347 neoplasms from a single institution according to the 2016 Revision of the World Health Organization Classification.

Lymphoid neoplasms are heterogeneous and types of lymphoma vary in different geographic regions. In this study, we aimed at classifying the lymphoid neoplasms at our institution in Taiwan and to compare the relative frequency of various types of lymphoma in different countries. We retrospectively searched the files of patients diagnosed with lymphoma at our institution from 2000 to 2015 based on the 2016 Revision of the World Health Organization classification. We identified 1339 patients with lymphoid neoplasms; among them, eight had two distinct types of lymphoid neoplasms. Of the 1347 neoplasms, 6.09% were Hodgkin lymphomas (HLs) and 93.31%, non-HL (NHLs). Among the 1257 NHLs, 82.66% were of B-cell lineage and 17.34% of T-cell lineage. The most common B-cell lymphoma types were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Among T-cell neoplasms, 37% cases were of nodal origin and 63% cases arose in extranodal sites. The most common nodal and extranodal T-cell neoplasms were angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, respectively. We analyzed the largest series of lymphomas to date from Taiwan and concluded that HL was rare and T-cell neoplasms comprised around 17% of all NHLs in Taiwan. The relative frequency of the major lymphoma types is similar in East Asian countries, with only a minor difference, but the overall pattern in the East is quite different from that in the West, with the latter showing a higher frequency of HL and a lower rate of T-cell neoplasms.

Bacteriological Profile of Post-Operative Wound Infection

Postoperative wound infection is a severe problem in the surgical specialties, which can cause mortality, morbidity and economic burden. In most post-operative SSIs the causative pathogens originate from endogenous flora of the patient’s skin, mucous membranes or hollow viscera. Objectives of the present study were to study the frequency of various types of bacteria. The study was carried out in general ward of the North Indian hospitals. The samples from the 50 post-operative patients were evaluated for the study. Samples were taken from the patients during the period of surgical wound dressing before the wound was cleaned with antiseptic solution. The swab was inoculated onto plates of MacConkey agar and 5% Sheep blood agar by rolling the swab over the agar and streaked. These plates were incubated at 37° C for 24- 48hours. The present microbiological study has determined the commonest bacteria responsible for the post-operative wound infectons. There was predominance of commonly isolated bacterial species were S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli.