Frequency Of Sleep Disturbances Research Articles

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Insomnia Among Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background Insomnia is a common sleep disorder with significant effects on physical and mental health. This study aimed to document the prevalence of insomnia and its associated risk factors among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh using the Sleep Condition Indicator Questionnaire (SCIQ). Data were collected from 548 participants. The inclusion criteria encompassed adults aged 18 and above living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and sleep patterns was gathered through a translated eight-itemSCIQ (score ≤16=insomnia). Statistical analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (Released 2020; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The findings revealed a significant prevalence of insomnia, affecting 219 individuals (40%). Insomnia was significantly associated with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria, including difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, frequency of sleep disturbances, significant distress, and duration of sleep disturbances (p<0.001 for each). The highest prevalence of insomnia was observed in the 40-60-year age group (n=91, 45.7%, p=0.014), among smokers (n=27, 60%, p=0.0063), and among obese individuals (n=20, 54.1%, p=0.035). Additionally, insomnia was strongly associated with anxiety (n=49, 66.2%, p<0.001), depression (n=27, 54%, p=0.033), and hypertension (n=24, 58.5%, p=0.011). Conclusion This study highlighted the high prevalence of insomnia among adults in Riyadh, particularly among older adults, smokers, and those with chronic health conditions. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address insomnia and its associated risk factors. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to establish causal relationships and explore the impacts of lifestyle and genetic factors on insomnia.

Abstract P231: Are Resiliency and Religiosity/Spirituality Associated With Better Sleep Outcomes in Midlife Latinas?

Background: The disproportionate cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden among Latinas is not completely explained. An important health behavior in CVD prevention is sleep. In the United States (U.S.), Latinas experience unique sociocultural stressors that may impact sleep, particularly in midlife. Yet, little is known about protective factors such as resiliency and religiosity/spirituality among midlife Latinas. Aims: To assess the relation of resiliency and religiosity/spirituality with sleep disturbances in midlife Latinas. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from 49 participants in a pilot study to reduce CVD risk in midlife Latinas. Participants were Latinas aged 40-60 years who were perimenopausal or early postmenopausal, free of CVD, with no menopause hormone therapy use in the prior three months. Women were recruited from community settings. The frequency of sleep disturbances (trouble falling asleep, waking early, or nocturnal awakenings) over the past two weeks was assessed, and a sum score was created (0-16). The 6-item Brief Resilience Scale was used to assess the perceived ability to “bounce back” or recover from hardship. Religiosity/spirituality was determined by self-report (how important is religion/spirituality to you). Multivariable linear regression models were performed at p&lt;0.15, adjusting for sociodemographic. Results: Participants were on average aged 47.1±4.5 years, 47% had less than a high school education, and 98% were born outside of the continental U.S. Sixty-nine percent of women experienced trouble falling asleep. The mean sleep score was 6.9±4.6. In adjusted models, we found an inverse relationship between resiliency and sleep (ß[SE]= -0.33[0.13],p=0.01). Religiosity/spirituality was not related to sleep disturbances (ß[SE]= 1.15[1.60],p=0.48). Conclusions: In this analysis of midlife Latinas, higher resiliency was associated with poorer sleep. Findings suggest that the ability to “bounce back” after hardship and religiosity/spirituality may not buffer the negative impact of stress on sleep. Further research is necessary with objective sleep measures to identify protective factors for sleep disturbances that may subsequently improve CVD risk in midlife Latinas.

Sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis in Spain

ObjectiveThis study assesses the presence of sleep disturbances and their relationship with clinical and demographic variables in patients with MS, with a view to establishing correlations between the different variables and the frequency of sleep disturbances. MethodsThe Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to detect sleep disorders. We contacted patients treated at the MS unit and distributed a questionnaire (PSQI) to 221 patients, receiving 142 usable questionnaires between 8 and 30 September 2019. ResultsThe prevalence of patients with sleep disturbances in our study was 74.7% (73.7% in women and 76.8% in men). Therefore, sleep disorders are pervasive in patients with MS, with 3 out of 4 patients experiencing them, a higher rate than that observed in the population without the disease. The frequency of sleep disorders gradually increased in line with age. In the 2 age groups analyzed, 44–54 years and 55–68 years, the proportion of moderate and severe sleep disorders was 42.8% and 53.9%, respectively. Moderate and severe sleep disturbances were observed in 27.5%, 44.7%, and 58.3% of patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of 0–3, 3–6, and >6, respectively. ConclusionOur results indicate that sleep disorders are more common in patients with MS than in other populations. Patients with secondary progressive forms of MS more frequently present sleep disturbances, while patients with primary progressive forms report them less frequently. Age and degree of disability were positively correlated with the prevalence and severity of sleep disorders in MS patients.

Sleep Quality and Mental Health in Students at a Jungle University in Peru: A Cross-sectional Study During COVID-19 Pandemic Confinement

ObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate the association between sleep quality and mental health in students at a jungle university in Peru. Materials and methodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on university students ≥18 years old during September and November 2020. Mental health status was measured with General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The association was assessed using linear regression models, and crude (βc) and adjusted (βa) beta regression coefficients with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. ResultsTwo hundred and seventy-nine students were evaluated, 35.1% were 20–21 years old and 56.6% were male. The mean PSQI was 7.9±3.2, and 75.3% presented sleep problems. The mean GHQ-12 was 14.0±6.6, and 57.7% showed suspected psychopathology. The total sleep quality score (βa=0.36; 95% CI: 0.11–0.61; p=0.005), as well as, higher component scores, subjective sleep quality (βa=1.57; 95% CI: 0.28–2.87; p=0.018), sleep duration (βa=1.25; 95% CI: 0.35–2.16; p=0.007), hypnotic medication use (βa=1.79; 95% CI: 0.43–3.15; p=0.010), and daytime dysfunction (βa=1.15; 95% CI: 0.10–2.19; p=0.032), were associated with worse mental health status score. ConclusionAfter 6 months of initiation of COVID-19 confinement, the frequency of sleep disturbance and mental health were elevated. Sleep quality disturbance was associated with worse mental health status.

The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment Among Medicare Beneficiaries Who Use Outpatient Physical Therapy.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment (including cognitive impairment no dementia [CIND] and dementia) among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who used outpatient physical therapy and to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment by measures that are relevant to rehabilitation practice. This cross-sectional analysis included 730 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries in the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study with claims for outpatient physical therapy. Cognitive status, our primary variable of interest, was categorized as normal, CIND, or dementia using a validated approach, and population prevalence of cognitive impairment (CIND and dementia) was estimated by sociodemographic variables and Charlson comorbidity index score. Age-, gender- (man/woman), race-/ethnicity-adjusted population prevalence of CIND and dementia were also calculated for walking difficulty severity, presence of significant pain, self-reported fall history, moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) ≤1×/week, and sleep disturbance frequency using multinomial logistic regression. Among Medicare beneficiaries with outpatient physical therapist claims, the prevalence of any cognitive impairment was 20.3% (CIND:15.2%, dementia:5.1%). Cognitive impairment was more prevalent among those who were older, Black, had lower education attainment, or higher Charlson comorbidity index scores. The adjusted population prevalence of cognitive impairment among those who reported difficulty walking across the room was 29.8%, difficulty walking 1 block was 25.9%, difficulty walking several blocks was 20.8%, and no difficulty walking was 16.3%. Additionally, prevalence of cognitive impairment among those with MVPA ≤1×/week was 27.1% and MVPA >1×/week was 14.1%. Cognitive impairment prevalence did not vary by significant pain, self-reported fall history, or sleep disturbance. One in 5 older adults who use outpatient physical therapist services have cognitive impairment. Furthermore, cognitive impairment is more common in older physical therapist patients who report worse physical function and less physical activity. Physical therapists should consider cognitive screening for vulnerable older adults to inform tailoring of clinical practice toward a patient's ability to remember and process rehabilitation recommendations.

The Impact of Sleep Quality on Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Introduction: Given the high prevalence of poor sleep quality in late adulthood, older adults might be involved with different physical, mental and social consequences of this disorder. Current research was conducted to examine the association between sleep quality and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 800 community-dwelling people aged ≥ 60 years living in Amirkola, North of Iran. The participants were selected by simple random sampling method. Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used for data collection. Seven components of the sleep quality were categorized into the four groups (very good, relatively good, relatively poor, and very poor condition). The participants were divided into the two groups based on their cognitive function, and sleep quality was compared between these two groups. Mann-Whitney, Spearman's correlation analysis, Chi-square, Pearson's correlation test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: Mean PSQI score among the older adults with normal and abnormal cognitive function was 5.5 ± 3.2 and 5.8 ± 3.3, respectively (p = 0.508). Poor sleep quality was slightly more prevalent in the elderly with cognitive dysfunction (p = 0.775). Logistic regression analysis revealed age (adjusted OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.08; p &lt; 0.001) and level of education (adjusted OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.09-0.20; p &lt; 0.001) had a significant impact on cognitive function; PSQI score (p = 0.254), gender (p = 0.661), and administration of sleeping drugs showed no significant effect (p = 0.081).&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: Among different components of sleep quality, a significant positive association was observed between the frequency of sleep disturbances with cognitive function in older adults; furthermore, older age and lower level of education showed a significant negative effect on cognitive function.

0840 Exploring the relationship between sleep disturbances and Alzheimer’s disease using machine learning

Abstract Introduction Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most common neurological diseases, affecting about 50 million people worldwide. Despite its prevalence and many promising recent developments, the factors that contribute to AD are still poorly understood. In this study, we examined the influence of sleep disturbances (sleep apnea, insomnia, and poor sleep quality) on the chances of developing AD and conversion from normal cognitive functioning (NL), to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD, using the ADNI dataset and state-of-the-art machine learning models. Methods We conducted a series of Random Tree classifiers to determine whether sleep disturbances predicted changes in cognitive status (NL, MCI, or AD). Using three sleep target variables OSA, insomnia, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory’s sleep related questions (NPIK) markers, participants that were surveyed for sleep patterns (n=1848) self-declared if they have insomnia (n=49), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (n=65), or poor sleep quality via NPIK (n=114). NPIK contains 11 variables, including OSA and NPIK, we explored a total of 7089 observations. Following that, a logistic regression and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) model using only the NPIK questionnaire as NPIK provides a rich and coherent inventory of sleep parameters. Results Based on Random Tree classifiers, the best model predicted a change from MCI to AD with an accuracy of 70%. Logistic regression and KNN models predict that caregiver distress, frequency of sleep disturbances and excessive daytime sleepiness play important roles in worsening the cognitive functioning status from MCI to AD. For the MCI patients, a random forest model with 60% accuracy predicted re-conversion from MCI to NL. Caregiver distress, frequency of sleep disturbances, and OSA predicted re-conversion from MCI-NL, and was most pronounced among males. Conclusion Our research broadly suggests that sleep disturbances increases Alzheimer's disease risk. However, the data on sleep in the ADNI dataset has limitations. All markers for sleep were subjectively reported by the patients or their caregivers and were not verified with objective observations. Further research under clinical conditions would be of value to find conclusive evidence of sleep disturbance as a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease. Support (if any)

Sleep and delinquency: The context of self-control, social support, and sex differences among French adolescents

Prior research demonstrates that poor sleep is an important predictor of delinquent behavior among adolescents. Engagement in delinquency is linked to a range of negative mental and physical health outcomes over the life course, underscoring a critical need to address adolescent sleep problems to reduce delinquency. However, little scholarly attention has been paid to how the broader context of social support influences the sleep–delinquency relationship. In this study, we analyze a series of structural equation models using a sample of 447 French adolescents to examine how parental and peer support correspond to three related aspects of sleep among adolescents (quantity, quality, and the frequency of sleep disturbance) with implications for delinquency. Furthermore, we assess how sex differences moderate the relationship between social support and sleep. First, we find that all three indicators of sleep are associated with delinquency, significantly mediated by reductions in self-control. Second, both peer and parental support correspond to sleep outcomes with full sequential mediation evident for sleep quality and delinquency. Finally, we find significant differences in the relationship between social support and all sleep indicators for boys and girls. Peer support is more strongly associated with sleep among boys, whereas parental support is more strongly associated with sleep among girls. We discuss the implications of these findings for improving adolescent sleep to reduce delinquency as well as opportunities for future research.

Sleep disturbances and associated factors amongst stroke survivors in North Central, Nigeria.

Sleep disturbance is common in persons with stroke and when unrecognised and untreated may hinder rehabilitation efforts and lead to poor functional outcome. It may also result in increased risk for stroke recurrence. We investigated the frequency and associated factors of sleep disturbances amongst stroke survivors. One hundred and ten stroke survivors attending the neurology outpatient clinics of two tertiary hospitals, from February 2021 to January 2022, were interviewed after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain their socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and sleep disturbances. Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Data were analysed with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Eighty (72.7%) patients were males with a mean age of 61.4 ± 11.8, slightly older than the females (30, 27.3%) with a mean age of 60.9 ± 2.9. Their median follow-up duration was 7.5 months. Majority (84, 76.4%) had ischaemic stroke, and the frequency of sleep disturbances was 37 (33.6%) consisting of insomnia (19, 17.3%), hypersomnia (10, 9.0%), sleep-disordered breathing (5, 4.5%) and sleep-related movement disorder (3, 2.7%), respectively. Using the ESS score, 22 (20.0%) had mild, 10 (9.0%) had moderate and 7 (6.4%) had severe ESS scores, respectively. Univariate analysis showed depression to be significantly associated with ESS (P = 0.006) whereas multivariate analysis revealed age and sex as significant associated factors (P = 0.008 and P = 0.009) of ESS. More than one-third of participants reported sleep disturbances with depression, age and gender as associated factors.

SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ DÖNEMİNDE UYKU KALİTESİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Amaç&#x0D; Bu çalışma, hastane çalışanlarında, pandemi döneminde&#x0D; yoğun iş temposu ile uyku kalitesi arasındaki&#x0D; ilişkinin araştırılması amacıyla yapıldı.&#x0D; Gereç ve Yöntem&#x0D; Kesitsel tipteki araştırmamıza hastanede çalışan sağlık&#x0D; çalışanları dahil edildi. Veriler hastanede pandemi&#x0D; sürecinde aktif olarak görev alan personele; Tanıtıcı&#x0D; Anket Formu, Pandemi Değerlendirme Anketi ve Pittsburg&#x0D; Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi kullanılarak elde edildi.&#x0D; Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; tanımlayıcı istatistik,&#x0D; ki-kare, korelasyon, t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi&#x0D; (ANOVA) kullanıldı.&#x0D; Bulgular&#x0D; Çalışmamıza hemşire, sağlık teknisyeni, doktor, idari&#x0D; personel ve temizlik personelinden oluşan toplam 103&#x0D; sağlık çalışanı (Erkek: 36 (%35), Kadın: 67 (%65)) katıldı.&#x0D; Çalışanların görev süresi ortalaması 14,12±9,73&#x0D; yıl olarak saptandı. Sağlık profesyonellerinin vücut&#x0D; kitle indeksi (VKİ) erkek: 26,33±3,13 kg/m2, kadın:&#x0D; 24,07±3,70 kg/m2 olarak bulundu. Çalışmamıza katılan&#x0D; sağlık profesyonellerinin çoğunluğu cerrahi Bölümde&#x0D; (25 (%24,3)), yoğun Bakımda (19 (%18,4), acil&#x0D; serviste (15 (%14,6)) ve idari kısımda (13 (%12,6)) çalışmaktaydı.&#x0D; Geri kalanları laboratuvarda (9 (%8,7)),&#x0D; COVID-19 polikliniğinde (7 (%6,8)), ve diyalizde (5&#x0D; (%4,9)) çalışmaktaydı. Pandemi öncesi uyku bozukluğu&#x0D; ve buna bağlı olarak ilaç kullanım oranı düşüktü.&#x0D; Pandemi sürecinde; sağlık profesyonellerinde Hemşire&#x0D; ve Temizlik Personeli arasında istatistiksel olarak&#x0D; anlamlı farklılık vardı ve PUKİ puanları Hemşirelerde&#x0D; yüksek bulundu (p=0,002).&#x0D; Sonuç&#x0D; Pandemi döneminde hastane çalışanlarında uyku&#x0D; kalitesinin artan iş yükü ile beraber azaldığı ve artan&#x0D; kaygı düzeyleri ile beraber sağlık çalışanlarının yaşamını&#x0D; olumsuz etkilediği saptandı.

Abstract P098: Association Between Postpartum Sleep Characteristics And Twenty-four Hour Blood Pressure Patterns In Women With And Without A History Of Preeclampsia

Introduction: Women with a history of preeclampsia (hxPE), a hypertensive pregnancy disorder, are at a four-fold elevated risk of chronic hypertension postpartum compared with healthy pregnancy. The postpartum period is particularly vulnerable to adverse sleep characteristics such as poor sleep quality and frequent sleep disturbances, which are associated with hypertension risk. However, the relation between postpartum sleep characteristics, nighttime blood pressure (BP) and diurnal BP variation assessed by twenty-four hour ambulatory BP monitoring is not well-studied. Methods: Women with a hxPE (N=13, age 37 ± 5 years) and healthy pregnancy controls (N=12, 36 ± 3 years) without history of sleep disorders were enrolled between 1-5 years postpartum (2.9 ± 1.3 years). Subjective sleep characteristics were reported using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Ambulatory BP monitoring was conducted to measure 24-hour, day and night BP as well as nocturnal BP dipping and morning BP surge quantified by sleep-trough surge. Results: Women with a hxPE tended to report poorer global sleep quality (7 ± 3 vs 5 ± 3 PSQI score, P=0.09) related to more frequent sleep disturbance (8 ± 4 vs 5 ± 3 score, P=0.053) without differences in habitual sleep duration (7 ± 1 vs 7 ± 1 hours, P=0.37) or sleep latency (18 ± 11 vs 17 ± 9 min, P=0.89). In the entire group, frequency of sleep disturbance was associated with greater 24-hour BP (systolic: r = 0.42, P=0.046; diastolic: r = 0.43, P=0.04) but not night BP (systolic: r = 0.19, P=0.40; diastolic: r = 0.19, P=0.40). Only sleep latency was related to blunted nocturnal BP dipping % (r = -0.38, P=0.08), and no sleep characteristics were associated with augmented morning BP surge. Conclusions: Women with a hxPE reported poorer overall sleep quality compared with healthy pregnancy controls 1-5 years postpartum, particularly frequent sleep disturbances. Frequency of sleep disturbance was associated with elevated 24-hour BP, but not higher nighttime BP or attenuated nocturnal BP dipping, indicating that the impact of postpartum sleep characteristics on BP is not attributable to diurnal BP variation.

Impact of dupilumab on SNOT-22 sleep and function scores in CRSwNP

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disease of the upper airways.1 Symptoms of CRSwNP are burdensome and impact patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL), often impairing sleep quality,1-3 resulting in daytime sleepiness and compromising ability to function and work.2,4 The condition is often nonresponsive to standard treatments including systemic corticosteroids (SCS), which may drive patients to seek more intense disease management (eg, surgery).5 Despite the frequency of sleep disturbance, awareness may be lacking among patients and caregivers of the impact of CRSwNP on sleep quality and the consequences of disturbed sleep.

Timing of itch among children with atopic dermatitis

Itch is a subjective, defining symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD), which guides treatment decisions. 1 Fishbein AB Silverberg JI Wilson EJ Ong PY. Update on atopic dermatitis: diagnosis, severity assessment, and treatment selection. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020; 8: 91-101 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (50) Google Scholar In pediatric patients, clinic visits center on patient or parent-proxy report of itch. One study of 100 adult and adolescent patients found self-report of itch worsening generally in the evening and night. 2 Yosipovitch G Goon AT Wee J Chan YH Zucker I Goh CL. Itch characteristics in Chinese patients with atopic dermatitis using a new questionnaire for the assessment of pruritus. Int J Dermatol. 2002; 41: 212-216 Crossref PubMed Scopus (164) Google Scholar Timing of itch is one feature of AD to which treatment in children could be targeted. Nevertheless, there have been no pediatric studies evaluating itch timing. Given the frequency of sleep disturbance in AD and our clinical experience, 3 Fishbein AB Knutson KL Zee PC. Circadian disruption and human health. J Clin Invest. 2021; 131 Crossref PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar we hypothesized that pediatric patients experience greater nighttime itch in AD.

Association Between Sleep Disturbance and Low Back Pain: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study After the Great East Japan Earthquake.

A longitudinal study. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between sleep disturbance and low back pain (LBP) using 3-year longitudinal data after the Great East Japan Earthquake, with a focus on the duration or frequency of sleep disturbance and the effect of sleep disturbance on LBP. Sleep disturbance and LBP are common health problems in the general population and natural disaster survivors. However, a longitudinal study in this field is rare, and the association between sleep disturbance and LBP has not been clarified. A 3-year longitudinal study was conducted among people living in disaster-stricken areas after the Great East Japan Earthquake (n = 2059). Sleep disturbance and LBP were assessed at 4, 5, 6, and 7 years after the disaster. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the duration or frequency of sleep disturbance and LBP, and the effect of preceding sleep disturbance on the onset of LBP. The χ2 test and crude and multiple logistic regression models were used in data analysis. The duration and frequency of sleep disturbance were significantly associated with LBP, and the effect was stronger with longer duration and increased frequency of sleep disturbance. Furthermore, the duration and frequency of preceding sleep disturbance were significantly associated with the onset of LBP, and the effect was stronger with an increase in the duration and frequency of sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance is associated with LBP in a dose-dependent manner. Attention should be paid to sleep disturbance for the treatment and prevention of LBP, especially with regard to the duration and frequency of sleep disturbance.Level of Evidence: 3.

Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy, Influencing Factors and Quality of Life.

In our study, the frequency of sleep disturbances in pregnancy, the reasons underlying the low quality of sleep, clinical factors, and the effects on quality of life were investigated. The study was planned as a prospective study and included 189 pregnant women. Clinical features, laboratory results, socio-demographic status, obstetric and medical anamnesis were evaluated. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Berlin Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, SF-36 quality-of-life questionnaire, and restless leg syndrome (RLS) diagnosis criteria were used for data collection. We investigated sleep disorders in 110 pregnant women (58.2%). A history of premenstrual syndrome and patients with hyperemesis gravidarum, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, Vitamin B12 deficiency, and higher TSH levels in the laboratory were found to be associated with sleep disorders. Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness were associated with depression, physical and social functioning, pain, and disturbance in general health perception. The number of pregnant women who had two or more RLS complaints was 84 (44%). The results of our study show that sleep disorders in pregnancy can be managed with easily applicable methods according to the risk factors and related problems.

Sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis in Spain

ObjectiveThis study assesses the presence of sleep disturbances and their relationship with clinical and demographic variables in patients with MS, with a view to establishing correlations between the different variables and the frequency of sleep disturbances. MethodsThe Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to detect sleep disorders. We contacted patients treated at the MS unit and distributed a questionnaire (PSQI) to 221 patients, receiving 142 usable questionnaires between 8 and 30 September 2019. ResultsThe prevalence of patients with sleep disturbances in our study was 74.7% (73.7% in women and 76.8% in men). Therefore, sleep disorders are pervasive in patients with MS, with 3 out of 4 patients experiencing them, a higher rate than that observed in the population without the disease. The frequency of sleep disorders gradually increased in line with age. In the 2 age groups analyzed, 44–54 years and 55–68 years, the proportion of moderate and severe sleep disorders was 42.8% and 53.9%, respectively. Moderate and severe sleep disturbances were observed in 27.5%, 44.7%, and 58.3% of patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of 0–3, 3–6, and >6, respectively. ConclusionOur results indicate that sleep disorders are more common in patients with MS than in other populations. Patients with secondary progressive forms of MS more frequently present sleep disturbances, while patients with primary progressive forms report them less frequently. Age and degree of disability were positively correlated with the prevalence and severity of sleep disorders in MS patients.

Sleep, Well-Being and Academic Performance: A Study in a Singapore Residential College.

We examined the relationship between sleep and the affective components of subjective well-being as well as psychological well-being, and between sleep and academic performance, of full-time undergraduate students in a residential college at the National University of Singapore. The aspects of sleep considered were self-reported sleep duration, sleep efficiency, frequency of sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, sleep latency and overall sleep quality, as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Academic performance was measured using self-reported cumulative average point scores, typically known as grade point average in other institutions. Psychological well-being and the affective components of subjective well-being were assessed using the Flourishing Scale and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience, respectively. With the exception of sleep latency, our univariate analysis revealed significant associations between the abovementioned facets of sleep, and the affective components of subjective well-being. The analysis also revealed significant associations between the above sleep variables and psychological well-being, except sleep latency and frequency of sleep disturbances. Only daytime dysfunction was found to be significantly correlated with academic performance in our univariate analysis. In addition, our multivariate analysis shows that psychological well-being, affect balance and academic performance each has a direct effect on overall sleep quality. The relationship between overall sleep quality and psychological well-being is U-shaped, while that between overall sleep quality and affect balance is linear and moderated by psychological well-being. The relationship between overall sleep quality and academic performance is either U-shaped or an inverted-U, depending on the level of psychological well-being, which moderates the relationship. These nonlinear relationships indicate that individuals with the highest levels of psychological well-being are not the best sleepers (in terms of overall sleep quality), neither are the highest academic achievers necessarily the best sleepers.

Association of phthalate exposure and endogenous hormones with self-reported sleep disruptions: results from the Midlife Women's Health Study.

Follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol (E2) have been associated with sleep in midlife women, however, few studies have examined the association of other hormones or environmental chemical exposure such as phthalates, with self-reported sleep quality. We assessed the relationship of self-reported sleep with hormones and phthalates. In total, 762 women (aged 45-54 y, 459 premenopausal, and 303 perimenopausal) from the Midlife Women's Health Study answered self-reported questions regarding the frequency of sleep disturbances, insomnia, and restless sleep. Serum E2, progesterone, testosterone, serum hormone binding globulin, free E2 index, free testosterone index, E2:progesterone, and E2:testosterone were measured. Summary measures of phthalate mixtures, including the phthalates from plastic sources (sumPLASTIC), personal care products (sumPCP), di-(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate (sumDEHP), anti-androgenic phthalates (sumAA), and all phthalate metabolites measured (sumALL), were calculated from urinary phthalate metabolites. Ordinal logistic regression was used to fit each outcome sleep measure with all hormones and summary phthalates. Progesterone and testosterone were significantly negatively associated with the frequency of sleep disturbances and insomnia. Free testosterone index was also negatively associated with insomnia frequency. E2:progesterone was positively associated with frequency of sleep disturbances and restless sleep in self-reported nonsmokers. SumPCP and sumALL were significantly negatively associated with frequency of sleep disturbances, insomnia, and restless sleep. SumDEHP and sumPLASTIC were negatively associated with insomnia frequency. Further, the direction of association between phthalates and sleep appears to be dependent on the quartile of phthalate exposure. All significant associations between phthalates and sleep were in self-reported nonsmokers or former smokers. Our study supports previous literature that hormones beyond follicle-stimulating hormone and E2 are associated with sleep disruptions in menopause. Further, we are among the first to show that phthalate exposure is associated with sleep disruptions in midlife women.

Measurement Properties of 4 Patient-Reported Outcome Measures to Assess Sleep Disturbance in Adults With Atopic Dermatitis.

The ideal patient-reported outcome measure to assess sleep disturbance in atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been determined. We sought to determine the measurement properties of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Itch Questionnaire Mood and Sleep (PIQ-MS), Sleep Disturbance (SD), Sleep-Related Impairment (SRI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in adults with AD. A prospective dermatology practice-based study was performed using questionnaires and evaluation by a dermatologist (n=611). PIQ-MS, PROMIS SD, SRI, and ESS had good convergent validity with intensity and frequency of sleep disturbance, Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure, Eczema Area and Severity Index, total and objective-Scoring AD, Numerical Rating Scale of worst-itch and average-itch, and Dermatology Life Quality Index. PIQ-MS had significantly better correlations with other severity measures than the other sleep measures (Fisher z-scores, P≤0.007). PIQ-MS, and to lesser extent PROMIS SD, PROMIS SRI and ESS had good discriminant validity. All four sleep assessments showed fair responsiveness to change of severity of sleep-disturbance, AD and itch. PIQ-MS had the best reliability. PIQ-MS, PROMIS SD, SRI and ESS showed good internal consistency and were feasible for use in clinical practice. PIQ-MS, followed by PROMIS SD, had the best construct validity and reliability in adult AD.

Progression of sleep disturbances in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a 5-year longitudinal study

BackgroundSleep disorders can occur in early Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the relationship between different sleep disturbances and their longitudinal evolution has not been fully explored.ObjectiveTo describe the frequency, coexistence, and longitudinal change in excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), insomnia, and probable REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) in early PD.MethodsData were obtained from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). EDS, insomnia, and pRBD were defined using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, MDS-UPDRS Part I sub-item 1.7, and RBD screening questionnaire.Results218 PD subjects and 102 controls completed 5 years of follow-up. At baseline, 69 (31.7%) PD subjects reported one type of sleep disturbance, 25 (11.5%) reported two types of sleep disturbances, and three (1.4%) reported all three types of sleep disturbances. At 5 years, the number of PD subjects reporting one, two, and three types of sleep disturbances was 85 (39.0%), 51 (23.4%), and 16 (7.3%), respectively. Only 41(18.8%) patients were taking sleep medications. The largest increase in frequency was seen in insomnia (44.5%), followed by EDS (32.1%) and pRBD (31.2%). Insomnia was the most common sleep problem at any time over the 5-year follow-up. The frequency of sleep disturbances in HCs remained stable.ConclusionsThere is a progressive increase in the frequency of sleep disturbances in PD, with the number of subjects reporting multiple sleep disturbances increasing over time. Relatively a few patients reported multiple sleep disturbances, suggesting that they can have different pathogenesis. A large number of patients were not treated for their sleep disturbances.