Frequency Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Research Articles

A statistical–retrospective study of pulmonary tuberculosis in Iraqi Kurdistan Governorates

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is still a global problem and serious epidemic disease and leads to a high death rate especially in developing countries, partially due to problematic ecological situation. The aim of this study to verifying the numbers and percentages of individuals infected with PTB in Iraqi Kurdistan Governorates 2019. A statistical–retrospective study was carried out to investigate the numbers and percentages of individuals infected with PTB in three provinces in Iraqi Kurdistan; Erbil, Sulaymaniyah and Duhok from the 1st January to 31st December 2019. All essential details of annual data for PTB patients were obtained from the National Center of PTB in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq. A total of 639 cases were recorded in 2019; 295 male (46.1%) and 344 female (53.9%). Erbil Governorate had the highest number of infections with 302 cases (47.2%) followed by Sulaymaniyah and Duhok with 214 (33.5%) and 123 (19.3%) respectively, the most cases were recorded in 2nd quarter with 170 cases (26.6%). The highest frequency of PTB was recorded in age groups 65–80 with 123 cases (19.2%) while the lowest was 5–14 with 20 cases (3.1%). Pulmonary TB remains a threat in Iraqi Kurdistan and about half of cases have been recorded in Erbil Governorate. The highest frequency of PTB was in females than males and the older age groups were the most infected. Therefore, we need more precautionary measures to control this disease.

Frequency of Pulmonary Tuberculosis on high resolution computed tomography in clinically suspected patients visiting Radiology Department Mayo Hospital, Lahore.

High resolution computed tomography scan, in modern years, is more effective than standard computed tomography scan and conventional chest radiography in localization of diseases in the lobule of lung and in the appraisal of pulmonary parenchymal diseases because of high-resolution power and minimal partial volume effect. Objectives: To identify pulmonary tuberculosis in clinically suspected patients by high resolution computed tomography scan of chest. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: 15th February 2018 to 15th November 2018. Material & Methods: After taking consent, fifty patients, fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria, were selected by convenient sampling in this cross sectional descriptive study. Demographic details, clinical history and High resolution tomographic scan findings were documented. Data analysis was performed on Microsoft excel and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS v21) and reported by descriptive statistics. Results: Out of 50 patients, pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 44(88%) patients, acute on chronic tuberculosis in 2(4%), healed tuberculosis in 2(4%), interstitial lung disease in 1(2%) & post tubercular sequela in 1(2%) patient. Majority were males (n=29, 58%) and most patients belonged to fifth decade of life (n=19, 38%). Overall mean age of patients was 45.14±12.16 years and mostly belonged to lower socioeconomic status (n=38, 76%). Most common symptom and High resolution computed tomography finding were low grade fever in 45(95%) & consolidation in 39(78%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: High resolution computed tomography scan is valuable in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis & its related spectrum of diseases in patients having clinical suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Frequency of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Smear Negative Patients with Suggestive Radiological Lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre

Frequency of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Smear Negative Patients with Suggestive Radiological Lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre

Clinical and epidemiological features of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a high incidence region.

To describe the clinical features of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EXPTB) and to evaluate epidemiological data to search for potential explanations for its high frequency in the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico. Clinical records of all patients with tuberculosis seen in Aguascalientes in 2008 were reviewed, and official databases were analyzed. EXPTB comprised 60.5% of the 86 cases evaluated, being lymph nodes the main site affected. Patients with EXPTB were younger and more obese than subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). One third of cases in either group had diabetes, a frequency much higher than expected. Epidemiological analysis showed that PTB incidence, but not EXPTB incidence, decreases as geographical altitude increases, and had a descendent trend from 1997 to 2011. The lower frequency of PTB (due to its inverse relationship with altitude and its descendent trend in last years) might explain the high frequency of EXPTB. Obesity appeared to protect against developing pulmonary involvement, and diabetes was more frequent than expected among PTB and EXPTB cases.

The Clinical Manifestation of Pulmonary Infection in AIDS Patients

배경: AIDS환자에게서 기회감염은 가장 치명적인 합병증으로 대부분은 폐 감염의 형태로 발현된다. 본 연구는 타 국가에 비해 아직까지는 유병률이 낮아서 상대적으로 자료가 부족한 국내의 현황에서, HIV 감염자 및 AIDS 환자의 임상양상을 살펴보고 특히 AIDS 환자들이 주로 어떤 호흡기 질환으로 발현하며, 호흡기 질환이 발현된 AIDS 환자와 기타 폐외 질환으로 발현하거나, HIV 단순감염자와의 임상상에 어떤 차이가 있는지를 중점적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 2001년부터 2006년 2월까지 중앙대학교 병원에 내원한 HIV 감염자 총28명을 대상으로, 이들 환자의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하여 분석하였다. 결과: 총 28명의 HIV 감염자 중 27명이 남자이었고 평균연령은 40.6세로 30대가 40%로 가장 많은 분포를 보였다. 이 중에서 폐질환을 동반한 경우가 11명이었고, 폐외질환 환자가 16명이었다. 폐질환을 동반환 환자군과 폐외질환자에서 내원시 CD4+림프구수와 HIV RNA 수는 평균 79.5/mm3, 48,903 IU/ml, 400/㎣, 60,256 IU/ml을 보여(P value: 0.001, 0.695) 폐감염이 동반된 경우에 더 심한 면역억제 상태가 심하였다. 폐감염의 종류로는 폐결핵, 주폐포자충 폐렴이 가장 많은 빈도를 차지하였으며, 이들의 평균 CD4+림프구 수를 보면, 폐결핵이 56/㎣, 주폐포자충폐렴이 42/㎣이었다. 결론: HIV에 관련된 폐질환이 동반된 경우 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 월등히 면역억제가 심하였다. 이 중에서 폐결핵과 주폐포포자충 폐렴이 가장 흔한 형태의 폐감염이었다. 본 연구는 일개 대학병원에서 경험한 HIV 감염자와 특히 폐질환이 발현된 AIDS 환자의 임상상의 특징을 확인할 수 있었고 빠른 조기진단과 치료의 필요성을 다시 한번 확인하였다.

Effect of aging on tuberculosis in dialysis patients

In order to clarify the effect of aging on tuberculosis in dialysis patients with being immunodeficient, an epidemiological study was done.The subjects were 150 dialysis patients with tuberculosis treated in 161 institutions.Observed incidence, fatality and mortality of tuberculosis were maximal at the 50s of age, at 40s and at 40s respectively, although the expected indices in the general population showed a remarkable increase with age. The resk ratio, observed/expected, of these indices showed a significant decrease with age, including slight exceptions. Male/female ratio was minimal at 40s, and increased both in younger patients and in older ones. Frequency of the extrapulmonary lesions of tuberculosis was higher in middle aged than in younger and in older patients. The frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis with extrapulmonary lesions was also high in middle aged patients. The mean number of organs involved in tuberculosis was grater in middle aged than in the younger and in the older patients. The frequency of causative diseases other than glomerulonephritis for renal failure was higher in middle aged than in other groups. Fatality, female/male ratio, frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis with extrapulmonary lesions, and mean number of involved organs in tuberculosis showed a correlative change with age. It is suggested that these indices would have some causal ralation.