Frequency Of Payments Research Articles

Consumer resistance to WhatsApp payment system: integrating innovation resistance theory and SOR framework

PurposeDespite an exponential rise in the frequency of online payments in India, the cause of consumer resistance towards the WhatsApp payment system (WPS) remains unexplored. This research is aimed at exploring the barriers to the adoption of WPS.Design/methodology/approachA research model was proposed using stimulus-organism-response framework and innovation resistance theory. Data were collected from 392 users of the WhatsApp application using the mall intercept technique, which also utilizes digital payment platforms. A co-variance based structural equation modelling was employed to test proposed relationships in this cross-sectional study.FindingsThe study findings indicate that personal innovativeness as a personal stimulus negatively influences the usage and value barrier, while negative word of mouth (NWOM) increases the intensity of tradition and the image barrier. Additionally, value barrier, usage barrier, risk barrier and tradition barrier were found to have a negative influence on the intention to adopt the WhatsApp payment system.Originality/valueThis research is an initial endeavour that sheds light on the consumer cognition resisting the adoption of the WPS.

Customer Churn Prediction for Life Insurance Using Binary Logistic Regression

One of a major problem for many industries including life insurance is customer churn. Because insurance contracts are often renewed every year, insurance businesses have a much harder time retaining customers than other businesses. The main objective of this research is to mitigate expected customer loss and retain potentially lost customers by increasing incentive product and service offerings on behalf of PT. XYZ Insurance, one of the life insurance companies in Indonesia which was founded in 2008. With a total of 123,982 policyholder data were included in the data set for this research, which covers a one-year data period as of December 2022. These data include details about the insurance holder, age of the insured, payment frequency, tenor, premium, and the product chosen by the policyholder of customers at PT. XYZ Insurance. In this research, the data is processed based on binary logistic regression in SPSS, where the data is processed in such a way as to produce output that meets the researchers' expectations. From the results of this research, there are around 16,951 insurance customers who have the potential to churn customers. So, company must implement customized value propositions based on research findings to help retain customers and reduce churn rates effectively in the competitive insurance market. Then the results of this research can also be used to target identified customers in marketing campaigns aimed at reducing churn rates while increasing profitability

Systematic Review on the Impact of Various Types of Universal Basic Income on Mental Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

In the past two decades, a significant surge in interest in investigating mental disorders and challenges faced by low- and middle-income countries in the realm of mental health has been observed. Various types of universal basic income (UBI) programs have already demonstrated significant impacts on individuals' mental health in high-income countries. Therefore, this review focuses on the situation in low- and middle-income countries. A literature review was conducted using seven electronic databases. Empirical studies of any design that implemented different types of UBI interventions in middle- and low-income countries and applied any type of mental health measures were searched for. After systematically reviewing 6822 articles, 13 empirical studies examining the relationship between various types of UBI interventions and different aspects of mental health in developing countries were identified. The collective findings of the studies suggest that UBI programs have significant positive effects on the mental health of individuals from developing countries, with the potential mediating role of unconditionality and payment frequency being noteworthy. However, these implications are limited due to the small number of studies conducted in this area and their methodological constraints. Further research with rigorous design is needed, particularly focusing on experimental control and length of follow-up periods.

Public residential charging of electric vehicles: An exploration of UK user preferences

In the global transition from fossil-fuel to electric vehicles (EVs), drivers without a driveway or attached garage at home are most likely to be dependent upon public charging options if they adopt an EV. To better understand how such drivers can be supported to switch to EVs, this study assesses how public charging might best mimic key attributes of private residential EV charging by investigating the preferences of a sample of 2001 car drivers from households in the UK without a driveway or attached garage. A stated choice experiment offered on-street or car-park options for overnight, public residential charging (PRC) with seven attributes – charging fee, space guarantee, duration of stay, walk time, security measures, walk experience, and payment frequency. Logit and latent class modelling are used to identify the relative importance of those attributes, and the manner in which their valuation varies according to study participants’ experiential legacy. This legacy is to some extent informed by their social identity; residential environment; and parking conditions, perceptions and intentions. Walk experience is shown to be the most highly valued non-monetary attribute overall, not least because many women consider this a particularly important attribute of PRC options. Meanwhile, parking-related variables, such as whether participants currently park on-street or pay to park, influences both price-sensitivity, willingness to walk to PRC and the valuation of a space guarantee. We conclude that diverse public residential charging options should be designed to offer certainty, reliability and affordability in safe, attractive locations near households without parking on their private property.

Exploring the Influence of Financial Literacy on Mobile Financial Service Usage: An Ordered Probit Analysis

Mobile financial service, an emerging form of financial services that has developed alongside the internet and mobile devices, are becoming increasingly significant in the global financial market. Financial literacy is crucial for safely and effectively using these services, as it equips individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate the digital financial landscape, make informed decisions, and manage their finances responsibly. This study explores the link between financial literacy and the use of mobile financial services, aiming to promote financial inclusion and help users benefit from mobile banking technologies. The results indicate that the impact of objective financial literacy varies significantly across different types of mobile financial services. It boosts the utilization of mobile banking services, with coefficient 0.025 (p<0.01), while simultaneously reducing the frequency of mobile payments and transfers, with coefficients -0.041 and -0.012 respectively (p<0.01). The results also show that subjective financial literacy always positively relate to the use of mobile banking, mobile payments and mobile transfers, with coefficients 0.038, 0.044 and 0.03 respectively (p<0.01). Further, this paper investigates how financial literacy miscalibration affects the use of mobile financial services. The results show that individuals who over-evaluated their financial literacy are more likely to use mobile financial services than individuals who under-evaluated or correct-evaluated their financial literacy. The results serve as decisive evidence for policymakers to enhance consumer financial literacy, thereby improving their use of mobile financial services. Future studies could delve deeper into the underlying reasons for the differential impact of objective financial literacy on various MFS types.

Does Willingness to Pay Differ for Mental and Physical Health?

ObjectivesThe urban environment can have a significant impact on mental and physical health. Health impact appraisal of new developments should address these issues. However, transferable economic valuation evidence for urban planners in the United Kingdom is thin, especially around mental health, making it harder to estimate the cost-efficiency of public health interventions to address these conditions. A further complication is that mental health may be perceived differently from physical health. This study examines willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid depression and lower back pain. MethodsWTP estimates were obtained by applying contingent valuation tasks in an online survey with a representative sample in the United Kingdom (N = 1553). Interval regression models were used to estimate the effects of disease severity, payment frequency, and respondent characteristics on WTP. ResultsRespondents’ WTP to avoid both conditions was relatively high (around 5%-6% of stated income to return to current health state). Depression was rated as being twice as burdensome on quality of life than pain, and bids to avoid depression were 20% to 30% more than pain. Analysis of motivation responses suggests mental health treatment is perceived as less easy to access and less effective than the equivalent for pain, and respondents expect a larger burden on their family and relationships as they try to manage their condition themselves. ConclusionsResults suggest that depression bids may be affected by uncertainty around access to effective treatment in the healthcare system. This has implications for how mental illness may be prioritized in resource allocation toward public health interventions.

Does pay-for-performance design matter? Evidence from Brazil.

Pay-for-performance (P4P) schemes have been shown to have mixed effects on health care outcomes. A challenge in interpreting this evidence is that P4P is often considered a homogenous intervention, when in practice schemes vary widely in their design. Our study contributes to this literature by providing a detailed depiction of incentive design across municipalities within a national P4P scheme in Brazil [Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ)] and exploring the association of alternative design typologies with the performance of primary health care providers. We carried out a nation-wide survey of municipal health managers to characterize the scheme design, based on the size of the bonus, the providers incentivized and the frequency of payment. Using OLS regressions and controlling for municipality characteristics, we examined whether each design feature was associated with better family health team (FHT) performance. To capture potential interactions between design features, we used cluster analysis to group municipalities into five design typologies and then examined associations with quality of care. A majority of the municipalities included in our study used some of the PMAQ funds to provide bonuses to FHT workers, while the remaining municipalities spent the funds in the traditional way using input-based budgets. Frequent bonus payments (monthly) and higher size bonus allocations (share of 20-80%) were strongly associated with better team performance, while who within a team was eligible to receive bonuses did not in isolation appear to influence performance. The cluster analysis showed what combinations of design features were associated with better performance. The PMAQ score in the 'large bonus/many workers/high-frequency' cluster was 8.44 points higher than the 'no bonus' cluster, equivalent to a difference of 21.7% in the mean PMAQ score. Evidence from our study shows how design features can potentially influence health provider performance, informing the design of more effective P4P schemes.

Corruption can cause healthcare deprivation: Evidence from 29 sub-Saharan African countries

The WHO estimates that nearly half of the world’s population lacks access to essential healthcare, and that the proportion of the population with catastrophic out-of-pocket health spending (10% or more of the household budget) is on the rise. Meanwhile, the United Nations’ General Assembly has recently identified corruption as a vital factor undermining efforts to accomplish universal health coverage. We examine how corruption may lead to healthcare deprivation in the context of 29 sub-Saharan African countries, employing the fifth, sixth and seventh waves of the Afrobarometer survey spanning 2011–2018. Applying an instrumental variable framework, we find that the experience of corruption in the form of bribe payments as well as the frequency of bribe payments within the healthcare sector increases the likelihood of healthcare deprivation. Moreover, corruption experienced in other sectors, such as education, the police, public utilities and identification authorities, have spill-over effects affecting healthcare deprivation adversely. Further analysis reveals that the experience of corruption in multiple sectors simultaneously worsens healthcare deprivation. Our findings suggest that mitigating corruption in the healthcare sector alone may not be sufficient to end the adverse effect of corruption on effective healthcare access in SSA countries. Finally, through mediation analysis, we show that loss of income and loss of trust are two channels through which corruption influences healthcare deprivation.

Health Care Industry Payments to Editorial Board Members of Major Neurosurgery Journals Between 2017 and 2022.

Financial conflicts of interest between editorial board members and industry could lead to biases and impartial editorial decisions. We aimed to evaluate the frequency, amount, and characteristics of payments to editorial board members of neurosurgery journals over a 6-year period. In this cross-sectional study, editorial board members were derived from the top 10 neurosurgery journals based on Google Scholar metrics. The Open Payments database by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services was accessed to evaluate industry payments to editorial board members from 2017to 2022. Descriptive analyses were performed on payment data, adjusted for inflation using the consumer price indices. We included 805 editorial board members. After excluding duplicate names, 342 (53.9%) of 634 had received payments between 2017 and 2022. Eight of 10 journals had more than 50% of editorial board members listed in the Open Payments database. Between 2017 and 2022, the total number of payments to editorial board members was $143 732 057, encompassing $1 323 936 in research payments, $69 122 067 in associated research funding, $5 380 926 in ownership and investment interests, and $67 905 128 in general payments. General payments decreased from $13 676 382 in 2017 to $8 528 003 in 2022. Royalties ($43 393 697) and consulting ($13 157 934) contributed the most to general payments between 2017 and 2022. Four journals had a percentage increase in total payments, whereas general payments decreased for 6 journals. Around 54% of editorial board members of neurosurgical journals received industry payments between 2017 and 2022. We identified journal-specific trends in industry payments and highlighted the importance of transparency and disclosure of financial conflicts of interests for neurosurgery journals.

Informal payments in health facilities in Peru in 2018: Analysis of a cross-sectional survey.

The Latin American region demonstrates the lowest levels of trust in health systems globally. Institutional corruption is a major factor in eroding trust. Corruption in health services, including extracting bribes and informal payments from patients, directly harms health outcomes and weakens services intended as public goods. In this study, we aim to characterize the frequency and distribution of informal payments within public health services in Peru. We conducted a secondary analysis of a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, the 2018 National Household Survey of Living Conditions and Poverty, and identified all individuals reporting health insurance from the Ministry of Health (SIS-MINSA) or Social Security (ESSALUD). We defined self-reported informal payments in 2 ways: 1) being asked to pay a bribe at a health establishment in the past year (direct method), and 2) creating an overall indicator for non-zero cost of care for services that should be free (indirect method). We used descriptive statistics to quantify informal payments and bivariate analysis to identify sociodemographic characteristics of those most frequently reporting such payments. 132,355 people were surveyed, including 69,839 (52.8%) with coverage from SIS-MINSA and 30,461 (23.03%) from ESSALUD. Less than 1% of participants directly reported informal payments, either at SIS-MINSA services (0.22%); or at ESSALUD (0.42%). Indirect reporting was more prevalent, including up to 10% of surgery patients and 17% of those hospitalized in SIS-MINSA facilities. Wealthier patients (19%) were more likely to report such payments. While direct reporting of bribery was uncommon, we found moderate prevalence of informal payments in public health services in Peru using an indirect assessment method. Indirect reporting may exceed direct reporting due to difficulty in distinguishing appropriate and inappropriate payments, fear of reporting health care workers' behavior, or social tolerance of informal payments. Informal payments were more common among those with greater financial capital, indicating they may obtain enhanced services. Further research on patients' perception and reporting of informal payments is a key step towards accurate measurement and evidence-based intervention.

Research on the effectiveness of transportation infrastructure maintenance based on the risk process

In order to improve the efficiency of transportation infrastructure maintenance, it is proposed to introduce an insurance fund that performs two functions: accumulation of payments with different frequency and cost for performing various types of maintenance; pays for these types of maintenance as necessary. To mathematically describe the state of the insurance fund, it is proposed to use a special type of risk process. This approach allowed us to introduce maintenance performance indicators in the form of resource-cost and financial risks, taking into account the possibility of non-performance of maintenances due to lack of financial resources. A modeling program based on the event approach was created in the MATLAB environment to study these indicators. Computational experiments with the modeling program allowed us to draw conclusions that, in order to minimize the risk values, preference should be given to the option when the shares and frequency of payments to the insurance fund are determined based on the type of maintenance and initial data.

Modeling Payment Frequency for Loss Reserves Based on Dynamic Claim Scores

By modeling reserves with microlevel models, individual claims information is better preserved and can be more easily handled in the fitting process. Some of the claim information is available immediately at the report date and remains known until the closure of the claim. However, other helpful information changes as claims develop; for example, the previously observed number of payments. In this article, we seek to model payment counts discretely based on past information, in terms of both claim characteristics and previous payment counts. We use a dynamic score that weighs the risk of the claim based on previous claim behavior and that gets updated at the end of each discrete interval. In the model used in this article, we will also distinguish between the different types of payments. We evaluate our model by fitting it into a dataset from a major Canadian insurance company. We will also discuss estimation procedures, make predictions, and compare the results with other models.

On the yield to maturity of a coupon bond

The article is devoted to one of the main characteristics of the bond-the yield to maturity. The subject of the study is the type of yield to maturity indicator. It is known, that there are two approaches to determining the yield to maturity of a bond: the nominal interest rate and the effective interest rate method. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that, as preliminary comparison has shown, these two approaches to determining the yield to maturity may be unequal in research. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a study of the dependence of the research results on the type of yield to maturity indicator. For this purpose, the problem of the dependence of the interest rate risk of a bond on the number of coupon payments per year was chosen. The literature contains reports on the dependence on the frequency of coupon payments over the term a bond that evaluates interest rate risk. The problem of the dependence directly of the interest rate risk of a bond on the number of coupon payments per year has not been considered in the literature. The task was set to determine which of the two approaches to determining the yield to maturity allows us to obtain results for interest rate risk that are consistent with the dependence of the duration of the bond on the number of coupon payments per year. Methods of differential calculus are used to solve the problem. As a result, it was proved that the use of the yield to maturity determined by the effective interest rate method allows us to obtain results consistent with the dependence of the duration of the bond on the number of coupon payments per year. The results obtained by using the yield to maturity determined by the nominal interest rate method do not agree with the dependence of the duration of the bond on the number of coupon payments per year. It is concluded that the yield to maturity determined by the nominal interest rate method in research may lead to incorrect results, in contrast to the yield to maturity in the form of an effective interest rate. Results of the work can be useful to both the bond issuer and the investor, as well as in theoretical studies of investments in bonds.

Distribution and Disparities of Industry Payments to Radiologists (2016-2020)

The frequency, magnitude, and distribution of industry payments to radiologists are not well understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of industry payments to physicians working in diagnostic radiology, interventional radiology, and radiation oncology, study the categories of payments and determine their correlation. The Open Payments Database from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services was accessed and analyzed for the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Payments were grouped into six categories: consulting fees, education, gifts, research, speaker fees, and royalties/ownership. The total amount and types of industry payments going to the top 5% group were determined overall and for each category of payment. From 2016 to 2020, a total of 513020 payments, amounting to $370782608, were made to 28739 radiologists suggesting that approximately 70% of the 41000 radiologists in the US received at least one industry payment during the 5-year period. The median payment value was $27 (IQR: $15-$120) and the median number of payments per physician over the 5-year period was 4 (IQR: 1-13). Gifts were the most frequent payment type made (76.4%), but accounted for only 4.8% of payment value. The median total value of payments earned by members of the top 5% group over the 5-year period was $58878 (IQR: $29686-$162425) ($11776 per year) compared to $172 (IQR: $49-877) ($34 per year) in the bottom 95% group. Members of the top 5% group received a median of 67 (IQR: 26-147) individual payments (13 payments per year) while members of the bottom 95% group received a median of 3 (IQR: 1-11) (0.6 payments per year). Between 2016 and 2020, industry payments to radiologists were highly concentrated both in terms of number/frequency and value of payments.

The Relationship Between Mobile Money Services and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Growth in Bamenda, Cameroon: A Probit Model Approach

ABSTRACT The main objective of this article is to determine the relationship between mobile money services and the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A sample of 50 SMEs was collected. The probit model was used to estimate the result. The study established that mobile money services have a positive and significant relationship with the growth of SMEs. The determinants of mobile money services observed are; experience in business management, frequency of bill payment, size of business, male entrepreneur, operation of mobile money account, frequency of purchasing airtime, distance to financial institutions, number of business branches, mobile money accounts held, secondary education, technical support, location of business, number of workers and size of capital transaction. The challenges faced by entrepreneurs in mobile money transactions observed are: wrong manipulation of account, delays, environmental complexities, and loss of money due to hawkers. The result suggests that SMEs should intensify the use of mobile money services in their daily business transactions. It is a wise step toward business expansion. Entrepreneurs of SMEs should take advantage of the drivers of mobile money services to encourage the diverse use of digital technologists. Finally, entrepreneurs should avoid risky manipulations of their mobile money gargets.

New Normal Payment Method among Elderly in COVID-19 Pandemic

The study under the topic the of new standard payment method among the elderly in the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to investigate: 1) elderly payment behavior, 2) factors affecting payment platform selection, and 3) acceptance and adaptation toward digital payment among the elderly. The sample group was 400 elderlies in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Songkhla Province, and Phatthalung Province. The research collecting tool was the questionnaires, and the statistics used in analyzing data were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, multiple regression, and Principal Component Analysis. Research findings showed as the followings. The first aspect, the financial behavior among elderlies, was mainly still in cash; however, the elderly chose to pay via digital platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic to access the finance state welfare or get financial aid from the government. Secondly, factors affecting the payment platform selection were payment security, convenience, age, educational levels, and familiarity with the payment platform. Thirdly, the elderly acceptance and adaptation toward digital payment were because of security and mistake concerns. Lastly, the result of hypothesis testing revealed that the electronic device owned, the frequency of cash payment, the frequency of cashless payment, and the digital payment experience during the pandemic situation all positively influenced the acceptance and adaptation among elderlies toward the digital payment with statistical significance of 0.05 (R=0.642), In contrast, the cofactors toward the payment platform selection among elderlies were categorized into 9 factors with a variable variation of 62.46 percent.

Prospects for the development of taxation of individuals in Russia, taking into account advanced foreign experience

This study is devoted to the search for advanced foreign experience in differentiating the tax burden of individuals and determining the directions for its implementation in Russia. The article consists of three thematic blocks: the first is devoted to assessing the tax burden of individuals in the Russian Federation, the second contains a description of foreign experience in taxing the population, and the third contains directions for improving domestic taxation. Based on the analysis of foreign experience in taxing individuals, methodological tools have been identified to ensure the differentiation of the tax burden (diversification of fiscal units; the use of a progressive scale; new fiscal institutions; tax deductions and tax credits; taxes on inheritance and gift; taxes on wealth and luxury). The tools that can be implemented in domestic practice have been identified: taxation of inheritance and donation; expanded application of elements of family taxation for socially oriented tax deductions; differentiated approach to tax administration of property and income taxes levied on individuals. In addition, methodological approaches to the administration of taxes from the population have been formed, based on the following criteria: calculation of tax liabilities; source of information on tax liabilities; the moment of granting tax benefits (preferences); frequency of payment of taxes; the possibility of hiding the object of taxation. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results in the development of tax policy measures.

How Would Americans Respond to Direct Cash Transfers? Results from Two Survey Experiments

Universal basic income has gained renewed interest among policy makers and researchers in the United States. Although research indicates that unconditional cash transfers produce diverse benefits for households, public support lags in part because of predicted unemployment and frivolous spending. To understand how Americans would reorganize their lives around unconditional cash transfers, this article examines the relationship between the structure of cash-transfer programs and their usage. We leverage experiments embedded in two nationally representative surveys to assess relationships between payment frequency, payment amount, and respondents’ anticipated usage. Though the survey experiments presented widely varying scenarios to survey participants, we saw largely consistent responses. Respondents most commonly reported they would use their payments for regular expenses, paying debts and building savings. Increased payment amounts were positively associated with spending on economic mobility-oriented goals and savings and debt decisions, but increased payment frequencies were negatively associated with these goals.

Assessing the impact of sowing dates and ENSO in a drought index-based insurance for soybean

Crop insurance has been an important mechanism used by farmers to protect the economic and yield losses produced by extreme weather events. Alternatively, index-based insurance (IBI) has been evaluated in many parts of the world as a mechanism to avoid moral hazard and adverse selection from traditional crop insurance products. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how the sowing date impacts the IBI triggers and tick size. In addition, few studies have evaluated how the frequency of payouts is affected by climate phenomena such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In this study, we aimed to develop a drought index based-insurance for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) in the Southeastern US, where the triggers and payouts were quantified for sowing dates and ENSO phases. Simulated soybean life cycle and grain yield for multiple sites, sowing dates, and maturity groups were used to calibrate the index triggers. The index triggers were assessed based on the period of measurement, sowing time, and ENSO phase. Our results show that the accumulation of water stress between flowering and physiological maturity using quantile regression increased the accuracy of payments. The results also highlighted a higher frequency of payments triggered when soybean seasons in the Southeastern US were under La Niña influence. The results also presented larger payments generated when the soybean was sown during April and May in comparison to later sowing dates. These results could be used by insurance companies and public administration to improve the efficiency of IBI products offered.

10 important financial investments for orthopods in India

10 important financial investments for orthopods in India