Frequency Of Moderate Physical Activity Research Articles

Association Between Physical Activity and the Prevalence of Kidney Stones in American Adults: Results From a Multiyear National Survey

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between physical activity and the prevalence of kidney stones. MethodsA cross-section study was conducted using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. Physical activity was evaluated based on the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to elucidate the association between physical activity (patterns, intensity, duration and frequency of moderate and vigorous physical activity) and the prevalence of kidney stones after adjusting for potential confounders. Stratified and interaction analyses were conducted to detect potential effect modifiers. In addition, physical activity was assessed using metabolic equivalent and physical volume, and followed the regression above. Water intake was obtained from the day 2 dietary recall and was included in the sensitivity analysis. ResultsA total of 34,390 participants were included in the analysis. The multivariable logistic regression revealed that individuals who engaged in moderate physical activity for 30-60 minutes per day had a significant inverse association with the prevalence of kidney stones in the fully-adjusted model (OR=0.804, 95%CI 0.700 to 0.923), while no more significant finding was observed for other physical activity parameters. Interaction and stratified analyses indicated no covariate modifying the association. The results above were robust in the sensitivity analysis. ConclusionThe duration of moderate physical activity (30-60 mins/day) is inversely associated with the prevalence of kidney stones, while no more significant association was observed between other physical activity parameters (including patterns, intensity, duration and frequency of vigorous physical activity, frequency of moderate physical activity) and kidney stones. Data availabilityData available in a publicly accessible repository that does not issue DOIs. Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. These data can be found here: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm.

Impact of physical activity intensity on longitudinal trajectories of cognitive function and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: Eight-year prospective study

BackgroundLittle is known about how longitudinal trajectories of cognitive function and depressive symptoms are impacted by varying levels of physical activity (PA) intensity. MethodThe data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative household study of the Chinese population aged 45 years and older. The sample included 5025 middle-aged and older adults (mean age = 57) who self-reported their cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and PA intensity (vigorous PA, moderate PA, and light PA) every two years from 2011 to 2018. ResultOn average, every 2 years, cognitive function decreased by 0.17 points (95 % CI: [−0.22, −0.12], P < 0.05), while depressive symptoms increased by 0.23 points (95 % CI: [0.19,0.27], P < 0.001). Middle-aged and older adults who reported a minimum of 6 days/week frequency of moderate PA (β = 0.14, 95 % CI:[0.01,0.27]) had lower reduction of cognitive function compared to people with none moderate PA but not vigorous PA (β = 0.04, 95 % CI:[−0.11,0.19]) and light PA (β = 0.06, 95 % CI:[−0.09,0.22]). The increase in depressive symptoms was significantly slower among middle-aged and older adults with a minimum of 6 days/week light PA (β = −0.02, 95 % CI:[−0.03,-0.002]). ConclusionA minimum of 6 days of moderate PA a week was associated with a slower reduction in cognitive function and a minimum of 6 days of light PA a week was linked to a delayed increase in depressive symptoms. In middle-aged and older adults, a tailored PA intensity may be more beneficial in achieving the maximum improvement in cognitive function and mental health.

Examining the Link Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function: A Parallel Mediation Model of Health and Wellbeing Among Adolescents.

BackgroundAdolescents’ engagement in daily physical activity brings multiple benefits, including reduction in obesity, improvement of mental health, and enhancement of cognitive function (CF). While prior studies have examined the link between physical activity and cognitive function, little is known regarding the extent to which this relationship is shaped by health and wellbeing factors. This study examines how subjective wellbeing (SWB) and general health (GH) mediate the relationship between adolescents’ physical activity and cognitive function.MethodsThis study estimates a parallel structural equation model using the Program for International Student Assessment 2018 dataset. Specifically, a total of 63,228 15-year-old subjects in nine countries/economies satisfied the study inclusion criteria, including in Bulgaria, Georgia, Hong Kong, Ireland, Mexico, Panama, Serbia, Spain, and United Arab Emirates. Frequency of moderate physical activity (MPA, ≥3.0 Metabolic Equivalent Task) was reported weekly; SWB and GH were assessed using an internationally validated multi-item standardized questionnaire. SWB was measured by students’ self-evaluated satisfaction with their health, life, and schooling. GH was measured by students’ physical health and mental health status. Cognitive function (CF) was modeled as a latent function consisting of plausible values derived using item response theory on reading, mathematics, and science achievement tests.ResultsFindings indicated that increase in weekly MPA was positively associated with higher levels of SWB (p < .001), GH (p < .001), and CF (p < .001) among the study subjects. Parallel mediation analyses revealed that more frequent weekly MPA had relatively large direct effects (p < .001) on CF, and indirect effects channeling through improvements in SWB and GH were non-trivial (p < .001). Heterogeneity results showed that boosts to CF, associated with MPA, were larger for mathematics and science than for reading (p < .001).ConclusionThis study used a large-scale international dataset to show that the positive relationship observed between MPA and CF among adolescents was robust, and that SWB and GH were two critical mediators through which physical activity positively bolster CF.

Parental perception and guideline awareness of children’s lifestyle behaviours at ages 5 to 14 in Singapore

There are limited data on the descriptive lifestyle behaviour of school-age children in Singapore. A total of 100 parents of children ages 5 to 14 participated in a parents' proxy-reported survey. Frequency of moderate physical activity (PA) and vigorous PA was assessed, while t-tests or chi-square test was used to examine differences between weekdays and weekends for sleep, screen viewing time (SVT) and sedentary behaviour (SB). Of the 100 children (68% of Chinese ethnicity, 59% boys, mean age 9.1±2.9 years), 31% were overweight or obese, with body mass index z-score of >1. For moderate and vigorous PA participation in a typical week, 32.0% and 43.0%, respectively, did not participate, while median (interquartile range) days of participation were 3 (2-3) days/week and 2 (1-3) days/week for a duration of 60 (interquartile range 30-120) minutes/session. When comparing weekends with weekdays, the means (standard deviation) of both SVT and sleep duration were higher on weekends (SVT: 4.1 [2.9] versus 3.3 [3.1] hours/day, P=0.07; sleep: 8.8 [1.5] vs 8.3 [1.3] hours/day, P=0.02), while there were no significant differences for SB. A higher proportion of children had SB of ≥10 hours/day and slept <8 hours/day on weekdays compared with on weekends (SB: 23.5% vs 20.6%, P>0.05; sleep:18.8% vs 2.1%, P<0.05), while the proportion exceeding SVT of 2 hours/day were higher on weekends than on weekdays (63.8% vs 45.4%, P=0.03). Overall, there was higher parental awareness of sleep guidelines (80.0%), but lower awareness of PA (51.0%) and SVT (59.0%) guidelines. Lifestyle behaviours were suboptimal in Singapore children compared with existing overseas guidelines, indicating a need for an integrated guideline with greater dissemination.

Relationships Between Frequency of Moderate Physical Activity and Longevity: An 11-Year Follow-up Study

Objectives: Moderate physical activity gains survival. There are, however, several variables that may affect this relationship. In this study, the relationship between moderate physical activity and longevity was investigated, taking into account age, gender, smoking habits, cohabitation status, body mass index, leg strength and balance, education level and cognitive function. Method: A sample of 8,456 individuals aged 60 to 96 years, representative of the Swedish population, was included. Participants were followed from 2004 to 2015. Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the predictive value of physical activity on longevity. Results: Participants still alive in the follow-up measure were more physically active on a moderate level. Being active 2 to 3 times a week or more was related to a 28% lower risk of not being alive at the follow-up measure. Discussion: The low frequency of physical activity, necessary for survival benefits should be considered in public health programs.

A comparative study of physical activity level among inpatients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Aims: Regarding the low level of physical activity (PA) in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD), our aim was to compare the level of PA between the two groups. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients with schizophrenia and 100 patients with BD were selected through convenience sampling in 2017. The level of PA was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Chi-square, extended Fisher's exact, Student's t, and Mann–Whitney tests were applied to analyze the data. Results: Prevalence of low PA in schizophrenic patients and BD was 36.7% and 30.3%, respectively. The frequency of moderate PA was less in schizophrenic patients than that in the BD patients (56.1% and 65.7%, respectively) and vigorous PA was more frequent in schizophrenic patients than the BD individuals (7.1% and 4%, respectively) (P = 0.334). Schizophrenic patients had significantly fewer minutes of PA than that of the BD patients (P = 0.027). Minutes of vigorous PA were higher in schizophrenic patients, while BD patients had more minutes of moderate PA, but these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). BD patients had significantly more walking minutes than that of the schizophrenic patients (P = 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of inactivity was higher in schizophrenic patients than BD patients. This rate was high in both groups due to hospitalization, factors associated with the disease, or even lack of attention to these patients. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the physical health of these patients; also, psychiatric centers should take preventive and interventional measures in this regard.

The reciprocal relationship between physical activity and depression in older European adults: A prospective cross-lagged panel design using SHARE data.

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the reciprocal nature of the physical activity-depressive symptoms relationship in 17,593 older adults from 11 European countries older adults (M age = 64.07, SD = 9.58) across two-year follow-up. Also, gender and age were examined as potential moderators of this relation. A two-wave cross-lagged panel design and latent change score models with structural equation modeling was used to analyze data. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2) using the EURO-D scale, capturing the two factors of affective suffering and motivation. Physical activity was measured at T1 and T2 as frequency of moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity. Cross-sectional latent variable analyses revealed that higher levels of physical activity at T1 and T2 were associated with lower levels of affective suffering and motivation at T1 and T2. Physical activity at T1 was significantly associated with affective suffering and motivation at T2. The relations of depressive symptoms at T1 with physical activity at T2 were not significant. However, a cross-lagged model showed best model fit, supporting a reciprocal prospective relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in older adults. Latent change in depressive symptoms factors was related to latent change in physical activity indicating complex and dynamic associations across time. Regular physical activity may be a valuable tool in the prevention of future depressive symptoms in older adults, and depressive symptoms may also prevent older adults from engaging in regular physical activity.

Dietary behaviour of pregnant versus non-pregnant women

This study investigates dietary behaviour and the perceived role of food for health of pregnant versus non-pregnant women. Data were collected between 15 January 2003 and 15 March 2003 in Belgium. One hundred and forty-eight pregnant and 130 non-pregnant women aged between 20 and 40 years completed a self-administered questionnaire about their dietary behaviour and nutritional attitudes. Both sub-samples match with respect to individual factors such as relevant socio-demographics and general food perceptions. Pregnant women report higher consumption of fruits, which results in a better score for fibre intake. They also report higher consumption of beef and dairy products, as well as a higher fat intake. No difference in fish consumption between pregnant and non-pregnant women is observed. In line with recommendations, pregnant women report reduced consumption of food products with heightened safety-related risks, lower use of alcohol and tobacco, and safer food handling practices. Reduced intake of raw vegetables for food safety reasons is not compensated by higher intake of cooked vegetables. Pregnant women also report a lower frequency of moderate physical activity. Most differences in food choice by pregnant versus non-pregnant women pertain to the avoidance of specific, potentially harmful food groups. A substantial share of pregnant women does not follow upon recommendations with respect to alcohol use and exposure to tobacco. Personal medical sources for pregnant women and personal social sources for non-pregnant women are reported as the most attended sources of diet-related information. The perceived role of food for health is not different between pregnant and non-pregnant women, and there were no significant interaction effects between pregnancy and presence of children, which indicates that the observed differences in dietary behaviour can be attributed to the state of being pregnant.

Cigarette smoking and cancer incidence risk in adult men: National Health Insurance Corporation Study

We analyzed risk while adjusting for age, body mass index, frequency of moderate physical activity, alcohol consumption, preference for vegetables versus meats, and frequency of meat consumption in a multivariate analysis and based our findings on not mortality data but incidence data. 733,134 Korean men who were 30 years old or older, insured by the National Health Insurance Corporation, and had a medical evaluation in 1996 were included in the study and followed up through 2000. During the 4-year follow-up period of 3,590,872 person–years, we identified 7204 new cases. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The association of current cigarette smoking was significantly stronger as compared with never smokers; aRR was 1.49 (95% CI = 1.39–1.59) for all cancers, 4.46 (2.32–8.57) for esophageal, 3.83 (2.97–4.94) for lung, 3.01 (1.58–5.72) for laryngeal, 2.24 (1.48–3.39) for urinary bladder, 1.62 (1.42–1.84) for gastric, 1.75 (1.12–2.74) for oral and pharyngeal, 1.58 (0.97–2.27) for pancreatic, and 1.50 (1.29–1.74) for liver cancer. Our findings, based on incidence data, confirmed that differences in smoking habit were responsible for most of the differences observed in smoking-related cancers.

Physical Activity and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women

Objective. —To evaluate the association between physical activity and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women. Design. —Prospective cohort study with 7 years of follow-up through December 31, 1992. Setting and Participants. —Subjects were 40 417 postmenopausal Iowa women, aged 55 to 69 years at baseline in 1986. Physical activity was assessed by mailed questionnaire. Main Outcome Measure. —All-cause mortality (n=2260). Results. —After adjustment for potential confounders and excluding women who reported having cancer or heart disease and those who died in the first 3 years of follow-up, women who reported regular physical activity were at significantly reduced risk of death during follow-up compared with women who did not (relative risk [RR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.90). Increasing frequency of moderate physical activity was associated with reduced risk of death during follow-up (from rarely or never engaging in activity to activity at least 4 times per week, RRs, 1.0 [referent], 0.76, 0.70, and 0.62; P value for trend P value for trend=.06). Reduced risks of death with increased physical activity were evident for cardiovascular diseases (n=729) and respiratory illnesses (n=147). Women who engaged only in moderate but not vigorous physical activity also benefited, with moderate activity as infrequently as once per week demonstrating a reduced mortality risk of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.64-0.96). Conclusions. —These results demonstrate a graded, inverse association between physical activity and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women. These findings strengthen the confidence that population recommendations to engage in regular physical activity are applicable to postmenopausal women.

Physical activity and mortality in postmenopausal women

Objective. —To evaluate the association between physical activity and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women. Design. —Prospective cohort study with 7 years of follow-up through December 31, 1992. Setting and Participants. —Subjects were 40 417 postmenopausal Iowa women, aged 55 to 69 years at baseline in 1986. Physical activity was assessed by mailed questionnaire. Main Outcome Measure. —All-cause mortality (n=2260). Results. —After adjustment for potential confounders and excluding women who reported having cancer or heart disease and those who died in the first 3 years of follow-up, women who reported regular physical activity were at significantly reduced risk of death during follow-up compared with women who did not (relative risk [RR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.90). Increasing frequency of moderate physical activity was associated with reduced risk of death during follow-up (from rarely or never engaging in activity to activity at least 4 times per week, RRs, 1.0 [referent], 0.76, 0.70, and 0.62; P value for trend P value for trend=.06). Reduced risks of death with increased physical activity were evident for cardiovascular diseases (n=729) and respiratory illnesses (n=147). Women who engaged only in moderate but not vigorous physical activity also benefited, with moderate activity as infrequently as once per week demonstrating a reduced mortality risk of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.64-0.96). Conclusions. —These results demonstrate a graded, inverse association between physical activity and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women. These findings strengthen the confidence that population recommendations to engage in regular physical activity are applicable to postmenopausal women.

Physical Activity and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women

To evaluate the association between physical activity and all case mortality in postmenopausal women. Prospective cohort study with 7 years of follow-up through December 31, 1992. Subjects were 40417 postmenopausal Iowa women, aged 55 to 69 years at baseline in 1986. Physical activity was assessed by mailed questionnaire. All-cause mortality (n=2260). After adjustment for potential confounders and excluding women who reported having cancer or heart disease and those who died in the first 3 years of follow-up, women who reported regular physical activity were at significantly reduced risk of death during follow-up compared with women who did not (relative risk [RR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.90). Increasing frequency of moderate physical activity was associated with reduced risk of death during follow-up (from rarely or never engaging in activity to activity at least 4 times per week, RRs, 1.0 [referent], 0.76, 0.70, and 0.62; P value for trend<.001). A similar pattern was seen for vigorous physical activity (corresponding RRs, 1.0, 0.89, 0.74, and 0.57; Pvalue for trend=.06). Reduced risks of death with increased physical activity were evident for cardiovascular diseases (n=729) and respiratory illnesses (n=147). Women who engaged only in moderate but not vigorous physical activity also benefited, with moderate activity as infrequently as once per week demonstrating a reduced mortality risk of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.64-0.96). These results demonstrate a graded, inverse association between physical activity and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women. These findings strengthen the confidence that population recommendations to engage in regular physical activity are applicable to postmenopausal women.