Impressive Frequency Research Articles

Temperature observations in Bologna, Italy, from 1715 to 1815: a comparison with other contemporary series and an overview of three centuries of changing climate

The observations taken in Bologna, Italy, from 1715 to 1815, three times a day, with a number of thermometers (i.e., Stancari air thermometers, Little Florentine thermometer, Florentine stick thermometer and a number of Reaumur spirit and mercury thermometers) some of them operating in parallel, have been recovered and analysed. The early thermometers had unknown scales and temperature units, with deviations due to the bulb shape or the thermometric liquid, but it is possible to interpret them after comparison between parallel readings. Historical sources and the analysis of the data fingerprints and their variability permit recognition of where instruments were located and who the observers were. It is also possible to relate the indoor climate of historical buildings to the outdoor one, and transform indoor readings as they were taken outdoors, expressed in Celsius. The Bologna series has been compared with the contemporary observations in Padua, Venice and Milano. The climate analysis shows that the temperature fluctuated but with an increasing trend. The 1730–1770 decades constituted the coldest period and 1980—today the warmest one. The eighteenth century was generally cold and had an impressive frequency of extremely severe winters that exceeded the rest of the series. The whole dataset (i.e. 1715–2015) of daily temperatures has been included to allow further use for scientific purposes. Finally, the paper provides a methodological example of procedures to recover and analyse early instrumental series.

Loaded Speech: Between Voices in Indigenous Public Speaking Events

This paper explores public podium addresses involving identified Indigenous speakers within the context of eco‐Indigenous alliances. In Montreal, the field site, Indigenous podium talk takes place with impressive frequency. These kinds of reflexive, discursive productions are part of a larger trend in staging ethnically reflexive voices in public discourse. Indigenous podium talks serve as important sites for Indigenous communities to engage and seek beneficial relationships from various Canadian publics. Yet, insofar as speakers speak from an identified cultural identity, perennial quandaries around the presentation of the “other” persist. In this article, I examine Indigenous podium talk as a discourse genre through which Indigenous identities and social issues are made recognizable and brought to the attention of non‐Indigenous publics. Through an in‐depth analysis of a single speaking event, focusing on reported speech and pronomial deixis, the interactional demands and possibilities of podium presentations are investigated and related to both the genre and the tar sands dispute that has brought the participants together. Analysis shows the fraught footings available and the sheer delicacy through which speaker and collective voices are presented and aligned to audience and issue, as speakers speak both as and for Indigenous people within the terms of podium talk.

Prevalence of Unique Pediatric Pathologies Encountered by Paramedic Students Across Age Groups

Introduction Traditionally, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) educators have divided the pediatric population into age groups to assist in targeting their clinical and didactic curriculum. Currently, the accrediting body for paramedic training programs requires student exposure to pediatric patients based entirely on age without specifying exposure to specific pathologies within each age stratification. Identifying which pathologies are most common within the different pediatric age groups would allow educators to design curriculum targeting the most prevalent pathologies in each age group and incorporating the physiologic and psychological developmental milestones commonly seen at that age. Hypothesis It was hypothesized that there are unique clusterings of pathologies, represented by paramedic student primary impressions, that are found in different age groups which can be used to target provider education. This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data documented by paramedic students in the Fisdap (Field Internship Student Data Acquisition Project; Saint Paul, Minnesota USA) database over a one-year period. For the purposes of this study, pediatric patients were defined arbitrarily as those between the ages of 0-16 years. All paramedic student primary impressions recorded in Fisdap for patients aged 0-16 years were abstracted. Primary impression by age was calculated and graphed. The frequency of primary impression was then assessed for significance of trend by age with an alpha ≤.05 considered significant. The following primary impressions showed clinically and statistically significant variability in prevalence among different pediatric age groups: respiratory distress, medical-other, abdominal pain, seizure, overdose/poisoning, behavioral, and cardiac. In patients less than 13 years old, respiratory and other-medical were the most common two primary impressions and both decreased with age. In patients 5-16 years old, the prevalence of abdominal pain and behavioral/psych increased. Bimodal distributions for overdose were seen with one spike in the toddler and another in the adolescent population. Seizures were most common in the age group associated with febrile seizure. Sepsis was seen most often in the youngest patients and its prevalence decreased with age. There are statistically significant variations in the frequency of paramedic student primary impressions as a function of age in the pediatric population. Emphasizing paramedic student exposure to the most common pathologies encountered in each age group, in the context of the psychological and physiological milestones of each age, may improve paramedic student pediatric practice. Ernest EV , Brazelton TB , Carhart ED , Studnek JR , Tritt PL , Philip GA , Burnett AM . Prevalence of unique pediatric pathologies encountered by paramedic students across age groups. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016; 31(4):386-391.

Classifications in Brief: The Hawkins Classification for Talus Fractures.

As reported by Coltart [5], Fabricius von Hilden first described talus injuries in 1608, and in 1919, Anderson et al. [1] reported a series of talus fracture dislocations in which they emphasized dorsiflexion as the mechanism of injury and coined the term ‘‘aviator’s astragalus’’ (astragalus being another term for talus) because of the impressive frequency with which the mechanism—aircraft accidents— was associated with the injury in question. In 1952, Coltart [5] reported on 228 talus injuries treated by surgeons in the British Royal Air Force in an attempt to describe the variety of injuries that occur to the talus and surrounding joints. He described various talus fracture patterns, fracture-dislocation combinations, and isolated peritalar dislocations [5]. Others have presented case series of talus injuries and associated rarely used classification schemes [15, 19], but all have noted high complication rates with injuries to the talus [5, 11, 15, 19]. In 1970, proposed treatment strategies for vertical fractures of the talar neck ranged from nonoperative management to urgent open reduction internal fixation, bone graft augmentation, fusion of the dorsal talus to the distal tibia, and even complete talectomy [11]. Although the importance of early, anatomic reduction of these injuries was noted at that time, the incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) was not. In 1970 Hawkins [11] described injury patterns and AVN rates in a series of 57 vertical talar neck fractures in 55 patients from three different institutions. All 55 patients sustained forced dorsiflexion injuries, similar to the mechanism described by Anderson et al. [1] in pilots.

Formation of Pb0.6Sr0.4(Ti0.97Mg0.03)O2.97 thin films on assembled bottom electrodes with titanium silicide nanowires

Multi-layered bottom electrodes constituted by conductive Ti5Si3 thin films with and without TiSi nanowires were prepared on glass substrates by Atmosphere Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (APCVD) method. Pb0.6Sr0.4(Ti0.97Mg0.03)O2.97 (PST) thin films were deposited on the Ti–Si bottom electrodes by Radio-frequency Magnetron Sputtering Method. The morphology and phase structure of the PST thin films were observed and identified by FE-SEM and XRD, respectively. The dielectric properties of the PST thin films deposited on Ti–Si substrates were measured by Agilent 4294A Impedance Analyzer. Results show that the formation ability of the PST thin films can be reinforced by increasing crystallinity of Ti5Si3 thin films and increasing amount of TiSi nanowires. The preparation temperature of the PST thin films deposited on Ti5Si3 and TiSi-nanowire/Ti5Si3 bottom electrodes decreases by 75 °C and 98 °C, respectively, compared with the situation on ITO/glass substrate. The permittivity of the PST thin films deposited on TiSi-nanowire/Ti5Si3 bottom electrode is about 4 times higher than that deposited on ITO. The lowest dielectric loss of PST/TiSi-nanowire/Ti5Si3 thin films is <0.1 within a wide frequency range till 10 MHz, exhibiting impressive frequency stability compared with that deposited on ITO. High capacitance and high tunability also occur in PST/TiSi-nanowire/Ti5Si3 thin films. The tunability of the PST thin films is about 2.5 times higher on TiSi-nanowire/Ti5Si3 bottom electrode than that on ITO bottom electrode.

J056041 複数台風力タービンの並列可変速運転による出力変動抑制 : 高風速域での出力変動分析(〔J056-04〕再生可能エネルギー(風力発電)(4))

The power output fluctuations of a parallel-variable speed operation system using multiple large-scale wind turbines are numerically analyzed. In this operation, the electric power outputs of load induction generators are connected to one large-capacity PWM converter. The rotational speeds of the wind turbines are synchronized and controlled by the impressed frequency of the converter, and the total power output of the system at high wind speeds is controlled by synchronizing the pitch angle manipulation for all the wind turbines. The numerical analysis conducted by using our dynamic simulation model shows that the parallel-variable speed operation system has a high reduction capability of the power output fluctuations as compared with the separate-variable speed operation system and that the synchronized pitch angle manipulation for all the wind turbines is effective to reduce the power output fluctuations of the parallel-variable speed operation system.

交直ハイブリッド電解法により構造制御したポーラスアルミナをテンプレートとしたニッケルナノピラーの作製

Aluminum was anodized in an oxalic acid bath using AC and DC hybrid electrolysis at a frequency of 0.1-1000 Hz and with DC galvanostatic electrolysis. Palladium was electrodeposited as a catalyst into pores of the anodized films using AC potentiostatic electrolysis. Electroplating was prepared continuously on anodized films of aluminum. Then the anodized film was dissolved in 5 mol dm−3 NaOH aqueous solution at room temperature to obtain nickel nanopillar aggregate (about 50-90 nm diameter).Results of SEM evaluation showed that the pore diameter and number (structure) of anodized films were governed by the impressed frequency. The frequency and the pore diameter showed an inverse relation. In addition, nickel nanopillars were prepared from an anodized film template. Results show that the pillar diameter accorded with the pore diameter of the anodized film.

2305 交流電圧印加された粒子分散型機能性流体の基本流動特性(S42-2 複雑流体の流動現象(2),S42 複雑流体の流動現象)

Diamond particle dispersion type functional fluid impressed high AC voltage forms the rotational flow structure under the high electric intensity and the low frequency conditions. This study investigated fundamental flow characteristics of the rotational flow structure to improve a new polishing technique for nano-microscopic processing technology and to develop novel micro devices. This structure consisted of rotational flows generated with positive and negative acceleration flows at even interval in plane. The acceleration flow was induced near the electrode by alternate electric field and it was drastically developed and arrived at the opposite side of the electrode. This flow had a certain delay from electric field excitation of the rectangular AC wave and this delay occurred independently of the impressed frequency of the electric field.

G-CSF as a Potent Mitogen Augments the Elimination of CML Stem Cells by Imatinib Mesylate In Vitro.

Imatinib mesylate (IM; Glivec®, Novartis) induces an impressive frequency of complete cytogenetic remission in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) but molecular disease persists in most cases. We have previously demonstrated survival and accumulation of quiescent Ph+ CD34+ cells in the presence of IM in vitro. Using Q-RT-PCR analysis of FACS-purified subsets, we have since found that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) transcript levels are significantly elevated in these primitive quiescent CML cells relative to their normal counterparts. Indeed CD34+ CML cells proliferated in response to exogenous G-CSF (20 – 200 ng/mL). Both total and quiescent CD34+ cell numbers were measured to test the effects of G-CSF with IM. Primary CFSE-labelled, CD34-enriched CML cells were cultured in serum-free medium for 3 cycles of treatment, 96 hours each (12 days in total). Nine treatment conditions were compared: (1) incubation alone (no G-CSF or IM), (2) continuous G-CSF alone, (3) continuous IM alone, (4) pulsed IM (final 72 hr of each 96 hr cycle), (5) continuous G-CSF with pulsed IM, (6) pulsed G-CSF (for first 24 hr) then washed out before pulsed IM, (7) pulsed G-CSF alone, (8) pulsed G-CSF with continuous IM, and (9) continuous G-CSF and IM. Pulsed G-CSF with continuous or pulsed IM, and continuous or pulsed IM alone, reduced total viable cell numbers more than continuous G-CSF with or without IM. Notably, at the end of 3 treatment cycles, pulsed G-CSF before pulsed or continuous IM reduced the number of persisting quiescent CD34+ CML cells 5-fold more than continuous IM alone (p<0.03, n = 6). Thus, use of a pulsed G-CSF and IM regimen in vivo may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the improved elimination of primitive quiescent CML cells that are relatively IM-insensitive. A clinical protocol incorporating this strategy has been given ethical approval, and is being tested in a pilot study in the UK.

Nutritional Supplements Used in Weight-reduction Programs Increase Intestinal Gas in Persons Who Malabsorb Lactose

Objective To determine if ingestion of 2 doses of milk-based dietary supplements produce gaseous symptoms in subjects who malabsorb lactose. Design Randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Subjects/setting Ten community-based subjects who malabsorb lactose. Intervention Ingestion of 2 standard servings of milk-based supplements (a powder reconstituted in fat-free milk or a ready-to-drink preparation) or low-lactose control preparations. Main outcome measures Frequency of flatus passage and subjective impression of bloating, flatulence, and abdominal discomfort. Statistical analysis Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The high lactose content (27 g) of 2 servings of the powder-based supplement ingested without other food resulted in a marked increase in daily flatus passages from the basal level of 9.7±8.2 to 30±14 (mean ±SD), and a significant increase in the subjects’ perception of gas. In contrast, the lower lactose content (18.4 g) of 2 servings of a ready-to-drink supplement resulted in a flatus frequency of 17±10 (P=.14 vs baseline) and no significant increase in the perception of increased gas. Neither supplement resulted in a significant increase in bloating, abdominal pain, or diarrhea. The lactose content of the liquid supplement was reduced by 80% following overnight incubation with an over-the-counter lactase preparation. Applications/conclusions Persons who malabsorb lactose should be aware that sizable increases in rectal gas commonly occur when milk-based powders reconstituted in milk are used as meal replacements. In contrast, gas problems probably will be minor following ingestion of 2 doses of a ready-to-drink, milk-based supplement. The lactose content of these supplements can be markedly reduced by overnight incubation with over-the-counter lactase preparations, and this manipulation should be beneficial for subjects troubled by the increased gas caused by the consumption of lactose-containing supplements. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101:1447–1452.

Effect of the long-acting, inhaled β2-agonist formoterol on the quality of sleep in healthy subjectsformoterol on the quality of sleep in healthy subjects

Antiasthmatics are widely used drugs that are known to impair the quality of sleep. So far, the effect of the long-acting, inhaled β2-agonist formoterol on the quality of sleep in healthy subjects has not been evaluated. 20 healthy subjects (9 women, 11 men, 19–45 years, mean age 28.3 years) without lung disease or sleep disorder were evaluated by polysomnography during 3 nights. After one night of adaptation, the patients were randomly assigned 12 μg of formoterol during one and placebo during the other night. We compared the frequency of respiratory disturbances, arousals, sleep stages, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, leg activity, and subjective impression of sleep quality in both groups. There were no respiratory disturbances in the study group as a whole, and the participents' subjective impressions of sleep quality did not differ after formoterol and placebo. Quality of sleep did not differ in both groups with a regular distribution of all sleep stages. In healthy persons, formoterol does not influence, or even impair, the quality of sleep.

QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

To evaluate the impact of radical prostatectomy on the quality of life (QOL) in patients with prostate cancer, we assessed the responses of 12 patients to a self-administered questionnaire 6-95 months (median 36 months) postoperatively. The QOL assessment focused on urinary disturbance, urinary incontinence and sexual function, which seem to be the major issues in deciding whether to perform radical prostatectomy.IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) for urinary disturbance was 3 points and a satisfactory grade was 2 points. Items reflecting irritative symptom were predominant, but no replies were very severe. Postoperative urination was good on the whole.In regard to incontinence, 58% reported some problem with wetness. Judging from the number of incidents of incontinence per day, the frequency of pad changes and impression of present status, the condition of two patients seemed to be serious, but their daily activities were not restricted. We therefore concluded that QOL about continence were not disturbed as a whole.As for sexual function, since many patients were on adjuvant hormonal treatment, we could not evaluate sexual function in detail. But 57% of all were dissatisfied with their postoperative sexual function, so our results were concluded not to be sufficient.

Field oriented control of induction machines employing rotor end ring current detection

The usual method of induction motor torque control uses the indirect field orientation principle in which the rotor speed is sensed and slip frequency is added to form the stator impressed frequency. Unfortunately, the rotor resistance varies as the motor heats up under load thereby changing the rotor time constant which has a deleterious effect on the torque response. In this paper two new field oriented control schemes are presented which employ rotor end ring current detection and thereby remove the dependence of the controller accuracy on temperature so that the controller is entirely independent of rotor time constant variations. The field orientation schemes do not require an incremental encoder for rotor position sensing. The motor torque can be accurately controlled even down to zero speed operation. >

Misuse of statistical test in three decades of psychotherapy research.

This article reviews the misuse of statistical tests in psychotherapy research studies published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology in the years 1967-1968, 1977-1978, and 1987-1988. It focuses on 3 major problems in statistical practice: inappropriate uses of null hypothesis tests and p values, neglect of effect size, and inflation of Type I error rate. The impressive frequency of these problems is documented, and changes in statistical practices over the past 3 decades are interpreted in light of trends in psychotherapy research. The article concludes with practical suggestions for rational application of statistical tests.

Doubly excited triplet states of the helium isoelectronic sequence

Doubly excited triplet states have been obtained for the first four members of helium isoelectronic sequence for the transitions Nsnp:3 P 0, Nsnd:3 D e and Npnd:3 F 0 forN=2, 3, 4,n≧N, 4 using a newly developed formalism based on time dependent perturbation theory. The doubly excited states have been identified as resonances in the oscillations of the two electron charge cloud and are obtained from a study of the behaviour of an appropriately constructed linearised variational functional with respect to externally impressed frequency. A correlated description of the orbitals in terms of product basis sets has been used. Many of the results are new and agreement with the experimental and theoretical data, whenever available, is good. Analytic representations of the doubly excited states have been obtained. These are used to calculate the Coulomb repulsion between the electron pair and may be very useful for calculating other physical properties of the system connected with transitions.

B Cell Malignancies Frequently Target the Autoreactive B Cell Repertoire.

Autoreactive B cells constitute a substantial part of B cell repertoire. They frequently secrete polyspecific natural autoantibodies, which are the expression of germinal genes. During recent years considerable evidence has accumulated indicating that this autoreactive B cell repertoire frequently undergoes malignant transformation. Studies on antibody activity of paraproteins and some B-cell malignancies have clearly demonstrated an impressive high frequency of autoantibody activity in these disorders. About 30% of IgM paraproteins and at least 10% of IgG and IgA monoclonal Ig display rheumatoid factor, cold agglutinin, anti-myelin associated glycoprotein or polyreactive activity. Similar high frequencies of autoantibody activity have been observed when CD5*** CLL B lymphocytes and CD5-follicular lymphoma B lymphocytes are induced to secrete Ig. The activation of this autoreactive B-cell repertoire through continuous challenge by self antigens could create suitable conditions for the occurrence of mutations and chromosomal translocations.

Prospects for Heating Tokamaks by Parametric Decay of Intense Extraordinary Mode Radiation

Intense electron beam technology has developed coherent very high power (350-MW) microwave sources at frequencies which are a modest fraction of the electron-cyclotron frequency in tokamaks. Propagation into a plasma occurs via the extraordinary mode which is subject to parametric decay instabilities in the density range ω02< ωpe2<ω0(ω0+Ωe), where ω0 is the impressed frequency, Ωpe the electron plasma frequency,Ωe the electron-cyclotron frequency. For an incident wave focused onto a hot spot by a dish antenna of radius ρ, the effective threshold power P0 required to induce effective parametric heating is roughly P0 ≃8 MW x/Ω e/ω0 (Te/ 1 keV)3/2 where x denotes the distance to the hot spot. With present single-pulse technology, experiments which demonstrate nonlinear absorption are possible. Significant heating of tokamaks requires the development of a high repetition frequency intense microwave source.

Carbonised Cereals from Grooved Ware Contexts

In their report of Durrington Walls, Wainwright and Longworth (1971) comment ‘It is noteworthy that not one certain grain impression has been recorded on any Grooved Ware sherds, nor is there any other evidence for the cultivation of cereals’. They conclude that the economy of Grooved Ware cultures is based on pastoralism and strandlooping rather than agriculture, and this conclusion has been generally accepted. Two points may be raised about this conclusion. First, the absence of grain impressions need not imply the absence of cereal cultivation. Hubbard (1975) has convincingly argued that the occurrence of pottery impressions does not provide the representative picture of crop economy suggested by Jessen and Helbaek (1944, 28). Such variables as the nature of the refuse deposited in the potter's working area and the degree of cleanliness required by the potter in his work will strongly influence the occurrence of impressions. For example, Hubbard has suggested that the sharp decrease in the frequency of impressions of emmer wheat in the Bronze Age may reflect its careful storage for human consumption, in contrast to barley which, as animal feed, would be more likely to get scattered around the site and incorporated into pottery.The second point concerns the apparent absence of carbonised grain. This may be an illusory consequence of inadequate methods of retrieval in the field. Over the last decade, the use of water flotation has demonstrated that carbonised grain and seeds are many times more common than had previously been thought (Jones 1978).

The family planning attitudes, practices, and motivations of mental patients.

The family planning attitudes, practices and motivations were studied by interview in 21 patients of the Massachusetts Mental Health Center, 18-45 years of age, with varying racial, religious and socioeconomic backgrounds and a broad range of mental illness. Without investigating the relationships of mental illness to marital discord, an impressive frequency of divorce, unhappy marriages and lack of communication between the spouses was noted. Frequency patterns of sexual intercourse and orgasm in these patients reflected normal patterns as determined by sexual research. The patients also closely resembled normal women in responses on desired family size and the right of women to control the number of children they have. Behavior was found to differ strongly from attitudes in that contraceptive knowledge and approval, though low, was comparable to normal women, but actual contraceptive use was infrequent with a total of 26 unwanted pregnancies reported in 13 of the women. 9 of the unwanted pregnancies were aborted and 8 of the 13 women felt that raising the unwanted child contributed to their mental illness. Though all the patients thought hospitals should provide the postnatal family planning counseling, contraceptive motivation was determined to be poor in these women due to excessive dependency needs, passive-aggressive ambivalence towards men, and excessive use of the mechanism of denial. Greater communication between doctor and patient is needed on sexual attitudes and practices.

Oscillations of a Gas Bubble in Viscoelastic Liquids Subject to Acoustic and Impulsive Pressure Variations

An analysis is presented of the forced oscillations of a gas-filled bubble at rest in a large body of a linear viscoelastic fluid. Two types of forcing are considered. In the first, oscillations are induced by a pressure surge on the system. For the three-parameter fluid model employed, numerical computations show that for a given ratio of the fluid's elastic modulus to the pressure surge, the damping of the bubble motion exhibits a maximum as a function of the fluid relaxation time at a value of this parameter equal approximately to one-fifth the natural period of oscillation. At very high or very low relaxation times, the damping becomes insignificant. As the second type of forced oscillation, we consider the motion induced by the application of ultrasonic waves to the system. Here, damping is found to depend strongly on the product of impressed frequency and fluid relaxation time.