Frequency Of Different Types Research Articles

Age and Gender Distribution of Benign Breast Lesions of Women at Port City of Bangladesh

Background: Benign breast diseases are the most common cause of breast problems. The most common symptoms are breast pain, lumpiness or a lump and nipple discharge. Triple assessment that includes clinical examination, imaging like ultrasonography (USG) or mammography and a pathological examination – FNAC or core needle biopsy has a very high accuracy rate in diagnosing, discrete benign breast diseases and this can be used for reassurance.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency of different types of benign neoplasm of breast lump in different age and sex.Methodology: The present study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College, Bangladesh one year period from May 2005 to June 2006. This study was cross sectional which included 48 cases of breast neoplasm. The specimens were received from indoor patient Department of Surgery, Chittagong Medical College, Bangladesh. Histopathological examination was done.Results: This study shows the mean age of the patients was 32.91 years with age range 11 to 70 years. Most of the patients were in 31 to 50 years (45.8%) age group and female predominance than male. Fibroadenoma accounted for 76.2%. Sclerosing adenosine the second most common benign breast disease in this study accounted for 9.5% of cases.Conclusion: This study showed that among the benign breast diseases in females there were preponderance of fibroadenoma followed by sclerosing adenosineJournal of Science Foundation 2018;16(1):27-31

Feeding habits of the mojarras (Gerreidae) population in the hyperhaline lagoon system of Ria Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico

The trophic preferences and ontogenic variations were evaluated and compared between five species of mojarras collected bimonthly for two years (2004-2005) in the hyperhaline lagoon system of Ria Lagartos, Yucatan Peninsula. A total of 361 specimens corresponding to Eucinostomus argenteus, Eucinostomus gula, Eucinostomus harengulus, Eugerres plumieri and Diapterus auratus were collected and used for trophic analysis. The trophic components were analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (RII) and multivariate analysis. The mojarras were defined as second-order consumers, feeding on microcrustaceans (amphipods, copepods, tanaidaceous, ostracods) and significant amounts of detritus with variations in the proportion and frequency of different types of food according to their ontogeny and food availability. Three species shared the same resources. However, differences were observed at the general and ontogenetic level, avoiding inter and intraspecific competition. Results provide evidence of the importance of these coastal habitats for the trophic requirements of marine-euryhaline juvenile fish species. Normal 0 21 false false false ES ZH-CN X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Tabla normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

Postoperative Complications Associated With Different Fixation Methods of Isolated Mandibular Angle Fractures.

The objective of this study was to review the medical records of patients with a history of mandibular angle fracture who were attended at the Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology of FOAr/UNESP in the last 5 years. The data collected were subjected to chi-squared test (significance level of 5%). The authors reviewed 19 medical records. The main cause was physical aggression (58.00%), but with no statistical difference in relation to the other etiologies (P > 0.05). Regarding the type of fixation, one 2.0-mm system plate associated with one 2.4-mm system plate and the fixation using only two 2.0-mm system plates were used in 7 patients each. The fixation method with a monocortical plate at the upper border was used in 5 patients. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of complications among the 3 fixation methods used (P > 0.05). In 52.64% of the patients, the third molar was removed intraoperatively. Despite this, there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of complications when the third molar was in the fracture line or when it was removed postoperatively (P > 0.05). The complications observed were dehiscence associated with pain (44.44%), trismus (22.22%), infection (22.22%), and presence of bone spicules (11.11%). However, no statistical differences were observed between the frequency of different types of complications (P = 0.779). In the sample studied, there were no differences in the frequency of complications among the fixation methods applied.

A Contrastive Study of Stance-Markers in Opinion Columns of English vs. Farsi Newspapers

This contrastive study was conducted to contrastively analyze English and Farsi newspaper opinion columns in terms of the frequency of different types of stance markers.60 newspaper opinion columns (30 written in English and 30 written in Farsi) from 10 wide spread newspapers published in the United States and Iran in 2015 were analyzed. Hyland’s (2005) model of stance markers (hedges, boosters, attitude markers, and self-mention) was used as the framework of analysis.The findings revealed that hedges and self-mentions used by English columnists were considerably more frequent than those employed by the Farsi columnists. In contrast, Farsi columnists used large number of boosters and attitude markers. Although, attitude markers were in the last position of sub-categories of stance markers in both corpora.Generally, it could be concluded that the similarities and differences among columnists could be related to the cultural and linguistic preferences of the writers in languages. This study could be beneficial for EFL students and teachers in understanding intercultural linguistic problems in language use, and could be used to lead to creative reading and writing in journalism and ESP courses.

Clinical and Cytogenetic Study of Egyptian Patients with Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development

Disorders of sex development (DSD) are conditions with an abnormal development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex. Sex chromosome DSD involve conditions associated with either numerical or structural abnormalities of the sex chromosomes. This study included patients comprising a wide spectrum of presenting features suggestive of DSD and aimed at studying the frequency of sex chromosome abnormalities among 108 Egyptian DSD patients who presented to the Clinical Genetics and Endocrinology Clinics, National Research Centre (NRC) over the 2-year period of 2013 and 2014. The age of the studied patients ranged from 2 months to 39 years. The patients exhibited various presentations, including ambiguous genitalia, undescended testis, hypogonadism, short stature with Turner manifestations, primary or secondary amenorrhea, primary infertility, edema of the dorsum of the hands and feet, and dysmorphic features. The patients were subjected to detailed clinical examination, pubertal staging, and cytogenetic analysis. Our study reported a wide karyotypic diversity and a high frequency of sex chromosome DSD, reaching 44.44% (48/108). In conclusion, we showed a high incidence of sex chromosome DSD among Egyptian DSD patients with wide karyotype/phenotype diversity. The most frequent sex chromosome DSD detected among patients of the present study was Turner syndrome and variants (52.08%; 25/48) followed by Klinefelter syndrome and variants (43.75%; 21/48). Further long term studies are necessary for accurate detection of frequencies of different types of sex chromosomal anomalies and associated phenotypes.

Match outcome vs match status and frequency of selected technical activities of soccer players during UEFA Euro 2016

ABSTRACTThe study aimed to examine the performance frequency of selected technical activities by soccer teams playing in the UEFA EURO 2016 in relation to match outcome and match status. Thirty-six matches of the group stage were analysed. The data were retrieved using an OPTA Sportsdata Company system. The notated technical activities: shots, passes, were expressed as frequency of performance (playing time/number of activities); while ball possession was expressed in percentage terms. There was a large effect size in frequency of shots on target (η2 = 0.201), of shots from inside the penalty area (η2 = 0.163) in relation to match outcome. A medium effect size was then found in frequency of passes (η2 = 0.102), short passes (η2 = 0.060) and ball possession (η2 = 0.113) in relation to match status. A team’s playing effectiveness requires a concurrent scrutiny of players’ technical activities in relation to match outcome and match status. Key technical activities affecting a successful match outcome are frequencies of different types of shots. However, when the team is playing to change an unfavourable score (losing and drawing in match status), the most important are frequencies of different types of passes and higher percent of ball possession.

Study of histopathologic patterns of borderline and malignant ovarian tumor

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the cause of a high case-fatality ratio, and most of the cases are diagnosed in late stages. Aims and objectives: To find the frequency of different types of histomorphological types and their correlation with age, side and size distribution and how it helps in managements of these lesions. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of all malignant ovarian tumours received and processed at the Pathology Department of Hassan institute of medical sciences. Results: The ovarian tumours included 22 borderline and malignant cases. Surface epithelial tumours (Borderline and malignant tumours) was the most common accounting for 56.6%. Next common group was Sex cord stromal tumours constituting 26.1% followed by Germ cell tumours accounting for 17.3%. Conclusion: There was single case of Tertoma, Endometrioid carcinoma and Malignant mixed germ cell tumour constituting 4.3%. Maximum number of cases occurred in 4th decade of life.

Histopathological Study of Malignant Neoplasm of Breast of Different Age and Sex Groups In a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Various types of female breast cancer associated with rapidly increasing age incidence. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the frequency of different types of malignant neoplasm of breast in different age and sex.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh from May 2005 to June 2006. Patients presented with breast lump of different age and sex were subjected to this study. Details gross examination was done followed by H & E staining for histopathological study.Result: A total number of 48 samples were selected after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This present study conducted in 27 specimens out of 48 breast lump. Among these benign and malignant were 21 and 27, respectively. Majority of the malignancy found in age group 41-50 years. Histopathologically Invasive ductal carcinoma was common 81.5%.There was significant association between different age group and type of neoplasm. In relation to sex malignant breast neoplasm was more common in female.Conclusion: In conclusion invasive ductal carcinoma was the commonest lesion of breast. In relation to sex malignant breast neoplasm was more common in female.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2018;5(2):42-44

Frequency of Chemotherapy Medication Errors: A Systematic Review

Objective: To synthesize peer-reviewed knowledge on the frequency of different types of chemotherapy medication errors. Methods: The data were collected from studies published between January 1, 2000, and March 3, 2018, and are identified through online resources such as Medline/PubMed, PubMed Central, Agency for Healthcare Research, and Quality and the Cochrane Library. The manuscripts published in peer-reviewed scientific journals in English language were included in the study. Initially, 19,723 articles were retrieved and finally 11 were found to be eligible to include in the review and were assessed for quality. Error percentages were calculated from the ratio of error type (numerator) to sample size (denominator: medication orders or prescriptions). Results: Overall, the chemotherapy medication errors ranged from 0.004% to 41.6% among various studies. Chemotherapy medication errors ranged from 0.1% to 24.6% in prescribing, 0.40% to 0.50% in preparation, 0.03% in dispensing, and 0.02% to 0.10% in administering phases. Conclusion: Prescribing phase had the highest number of chemotherapy medication errors reported, and least was reported during dispensing phase. We also noticed a need for harmonization for reporting of medication errors.

Exploring Intimate Partner Violence Before, During, and After Pregnancy in Bangladesh.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant or postpartum women is known to have multiple detrimental effects on women and their children. Although results from past research suggest much continuity in trajectories of IPV, it is unclear whether pregnancy interrupts or augments these patterns. Little is known about how physical, sexual, and psychological IPV change and overlap throughout a woman's transition to parenthood. Relying on population-based data, this study examines the prevalence, co-occurring nature, and the changing patterns of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV before, during, and after pregnancy in Bangladesh. Cross-sectional survey data were collected between October 2015 and January 2016 in the Chandpur District of Bangladesh from 426 new mothers, aged 15 to 49 years, who were in the first 6 months postpartum. IPV was assessed with a validated set of survey items. The frequencies of different types of IPV victimization according to the period of occurrence were calculated separately and in a cumulative, co-occurring manner. The prevalence of physical IPV before, during, and after pregnancy was 52.8%, 35.2%, and 32.2%, respectively. The comparative figures for psychological IPV were 67.4%, 65%, and 60.8%, and for sexual IPV were 21.1%, 18.5%, and 15.5%, respectively. The results demonstrate a notable continuity in IPV victimization before, during, and after pregnancy. Psychological IPV is the only type to exhibit a significant reduction during and after pregnancy, compared with before pregnancy, but it commonly overlaps with physical IPV, which shows a significant change during pregnancy and little change in the postpartum period. At the same time, pregnancy and childbirth offer little protection against IPV for women in relationships characterized by psychological or sexual victimization, both of which commonly overlap with physical IPV. Results reinforce the need to conduct routine screening during pregnancy to identify women with a history of IPV and to offer necessary help and support.

Inequalities in self-report road injury risk in Britain: A new analysis of National Travel Survey data, focusing on pedestrian injuries

Abstract In 2007, Britain's (since 2013 England's) National Travel Survey started asking respondents about experiences of ‘road accidents’. This paper conducts new injury analysis using NTS data from 2007-15. The resultant dataset contains 147,185 adult individuals (weighted), of whom 17,990 reported experiencing one or more ‘road accidents’ in the three years prior to the survey date. This dataset includes incidents involving other road users and those that did not, less likely in general to be included in police injury data, and not at all in the case of pedestrian falls. The paper firstly compares this self-report injury data with police data, including comparisons for different user groups such as pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists. Most studies of under-reporting focus on deaths and serious injuries, due to lack of other data on slight injuries. Self-report data enables a focus on that majority of injuries which are slight but may impact people's experiences of travel. The paper then compares the frequency of different types of pedestrian injury incident and finds that collisions in which a cyclist injures a pedestrian remain in this dataset very infrequent compared either to falls or to pedestrian injuries involving motor vehicles. Finally, characteristics of pedestrians injured by motor vehicles and in falls are examined. A binary logistic regression analysis examines odds of being injured as a pedestrian either by a motor vehicle, or in a fall, controlling for self-report walking frequency. Disabled pedestrians, those living in low-income households, and in London are at higher risk of being injured by a motor vehicle, while older and disabled pedestrians and women are at higher risk of being injured in a fall. Implications for policy and research are discussed.

Characteristics of eating behavior and the level of hormones regulating the appetite in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index more than 35 kg /m2

Background. The role of the hormones in eating behavior in the regulation of appetite has been well studied, but their relationship with various types of eating behavior has not been established.
 Aims. To study the frequency of different types of eating behavior, hunger/satiety feeling estimated by the visual analog scale and levels of leptin and gastrointestinal tract hormones that are involved in appetite regulation, fat and carbohydrate metabolism (ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide 1) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity.
 Materials and methods. The study included 35 people with obesity (BMI35 kg/m2) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) who received the stable sugar-lowering therapy, the median body mass index (BMI) was 40,1 [36,5; 49,6] kg/m2, the median age was 58 [52,5; 64] years. Blood tests for insulin, leptin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, C-peptide, glucose, glycated hemoglobin and lipids profile were done in all cases, also HOMA-IR and HOMA- were calculated. All patients completed questionnaires determining eating behavior type and hunger/satiety feeling severity.
 Results. In patients with T2DM and obesity a high frequency of combination of different types of eating behavior were found, it was 54,3%. Among the isolated types, restrictive eating behavior was more common in 40%. In patients with different types of eating behavior the tendency to difference in the level of hormones regulating appetite was found, but it was not significant. High frequency of an appropriate reduction of postprandial ghrelin level was found in patients with restrictive type of eating behavior. Correlation between the level of hormones regulating appetite and hunger/satiety feeling was weak, it might reflect the resistance to these hormones in patients with severe obesity and T2DM. At the same time the relationship between the ghrelin level and the -cells functional state parameters was significant.
 Conclusions. The severity of leptin and ghrelin resistance correlated with each other in T2DM and obesity patients; the severity of ghrelin resistance was associated with the beta cells functional state; according to our data postprandial ghrelin level may have opposite changes in patients with T2DM and obesity and its adequate reduction is more common for patients with restrictive type of eating behavior.

Pattern of Anaemia in Systemic Lupus Erythemetosus (Sle) Patients

Background: Anaemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) is the most common form of anaemia in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythemetosus (SLE) Autoimmune Hemolytic Anaemia (AIHA), Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) drug-induced myelotoxicity, and anaemia due to chronic renal failure are also often detected. Distinctly different therapeutic approaches are required for the multiple causes of anaemia in these patients. However, the pattern of anaemia among the SLE patient of this geographical area is less studied. Aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of anaemia in patients with SLE. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on the patients who had been admitted in the Departments of Medicine, Nephrology and also from outpatient Department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) Chittagong. SLE patients were selected consecutively as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed history and physical examinations were performed in every patient. Necessary investigations were carried out. Hematological manifestations with regards to anaemia were scrutinized and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 42 patients (97.62% females, mean age 27.02 ±8.63 years) were studied. All the study population was anaemic (Mean±SD of Hb was 9.14±1.84 mg/dl).ACD was most prevalent (52.4%) types of anaemia 22(52.4%), followed by IDA10(23.8%), AIHA6 (14.3%) and 4(9.5%) of total patient is undetermined cause of anemia. No significant association was found between anaemia and Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score, fatigue and Coombs’ positivity. No association was found between the degrees of anaemia with urine protein loss. Conclusion: Anaemia is frequently encountered in SLE. A sound conception about the relative frequency of different types associated with systemic lupus erythematosus will help the clinician to take necessary measures for the wellbeing of the patient.
 JCMCTA 2017 ; 28 (2) : 105-110

Mitigation in Chinese online consumer reviews

With the increasing popularity of online shopping among consumers and the continuous development of interactive digital communication, online reviews are prevalent in contemporary life. As a new genre, online reviews deserve more attention in language and discourse studies. Existing studies in this field predominantly investigate online reviews in English. More research on a greater variety of languages is needed to better understand the linguistic features of this genre and the localization of the social practice. In addition, how consumers mitigate their evaluations lacks systemic exploration. This study provides an analysis of mitigation strategies in Chinese consumer reviews, based on a dataset of user-generated online comments on Kindle E-Reader collected from Amazon China. The study examines the usage and frequency of different types of mitigation devices in the reviews. The distribution of mitigation is further investigated against the positive or negative nature of the comments. Since Chinese is a logographical language, exploring Chinese mitigation identified some particular usages. The study demonstrates that the investigation into mitigation in Chinese online consumer reviews could provide insights into cross-cultural differences in this genre.

The prevalence of strabismus types in strabismic Iranian patients.

PurposeTo determine the frequency of different types of strabismus and amblyopia in the patients of strabismus clinics from 2008 to 2014.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the archives of Farabi Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from 2008 to 2014. The study consisted of using records of strabismic patients. From these, strabismus types and associated abnormalities, types of amblyopia and other ocular pathological findings were recorded.ResultsIn this study, 1174 strabismic patients were studied. Accommodative esotropia (ET) was the most prevalent type of strabismus accounting for 25.04% of all strabismic patients while intermittent exotropia (XT), nonaccommodative ET and partially accommodative ET, with 12.09%, 11.24% and 10.39%, respectively, were relatively common. Also, 63.03% of all strabismic patients had esodeviation with XT coming second accounting for 24.53% of patients. Other ocular pathologic findings in addition to strabismus were found in 236 (20.1%) patients. The most common association with those types of strabismus was inferior oblique over action accounting for 11.07% of all cases, and 88 patients had nystagmus in addition to strabismus. Significantly 45% of patients had no amblyopia and 37% of patients had a combined type of amblyopia which was the most common type of amblyopia found in strabismic patients.ConclusionThe prevalence of ET was two and a half times more than XT and almost half of strabismic patients suffer from amblyopia. This study suggests that strabismus screening of children could be useful in the early detection of strabismus, appropriate management of it and prevention of strabismic amblyopia.

Trophic Level, Food Preference and Feeding Ecology of Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus. 1766), in Hormuzgun province Waters (Northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea)

The aim of this study was to assess the ecological factors associated with feeding by Rachycentron canadum (cobia) in the waters of Hormuzgan Province, Iran. Specimens were collected seasonally from Sep. 2014–Sep. 2015 from the Ferdows-1 survey ship and from landing areas in the city of Bandar Abbas. A total of 577 cobia were collected (340 male, 237 female) (20–161 cm Total length). Our results provide the first estimates of trophic level (TL) (4.4 ± 0.76, mean ± SE), consumption per biomass (Q/B) (6.13), and aspect ratio of the caudal fin (ARc.f) (3.1) for R. canadum in the Hormuzgan Province. We also found that osteichthies made up more than 80 percent of the relative importance of particular prey (IRI %), indicating that R. canadum primarily preys on these species. The immature group tended to feed on shrimp, crabs, and mollusks, and predominance of shrimp, crabs, and mollusks was also observed among the stomach contents of cobia ranging from 20–40(c.m). Hierarchical clustering revealed that the frequencies of different types of prey could be used to divide the length classes into three groups. A compare means test comparing the immature and mature groups and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing length classes revealed that the immature group and the 20-40 length class tended to feed on shrimp, crabs, and mollusks. Also, we found that males generally fed more than females in all seasons and that R.canadum had an average dietary intake. Our results suggest that the removal of top predators, such as cobia, could disturb the entire ecosystem because they play a fundamental role in maintaining a balance in the populations of their prey. Also, because diet is important for aquaculture, the findings of this study can be used to prepare a food formulation for cobia that resembles the native diet.

ОБОГАЩЕНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ШКОЛьНОГО КУРСА «ИСКУССТВО » ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛьСКИМИ ЗАДАНИЯМИ

In the article the system of enriching the content of the subject “Art” is studied through the introductionof research assignments into the structure of each lesson on the basis of one section of the eighthgradeprogram. Scientific and practical novelty lies in the fact that an effective approach to enriching thecontent of education, corresponding to the modern scientific concept of modernization of education, isrevealed on the specific material of the author’s experience, pedagogical conditions for effective enrichmentof the content of the school subject are determined. The practical importance of the work is that theauthor has created a model for enriching the content of the academic subject with a system of researchassignments for students on the lesson, which can be used by teachers of humanitarian disciplines. TheISSN 2520-2634 Journal of Educational Sciences. №1 (54). 2018 95Пaк Е.article discloses the pedagogical conditions for the effective enrichment of the content of the school curriculumwith a system of research assignments.Programming by the teacher of the frequency of different types of research activities in the lessonsoccurs through assignments in which the key guide is the verb that is regulating, that the students exactlyshould do. Now the most frequent research assignments in the practice of conducting lessons in thesubject of “Art” are assignments for the determination:- establish, clarify aspects of the artistic phenomenon, the creative process; – to understand theartistic phenomenon, to solve for themselves a creative issue; – to reveal the essence, the content ofthe work of art, the phenomenon, give a description of art technology, method; – to set the boundariesof actions, assign to a role in the team, micro group; – to place, arrange art works anywhere, a productof visual activity; – to reveal the cause of the appearance of certain phenomena, the conditionality ofartistic effects by technique, material, and instrument of creativity.Key words: the content of school education, the subject “Art”, research tasks, research activities.

Enabling clinicians to easily find location-based travel health recommendations-is innovation needed?

The types of place names and the level of geographic detail that patients report to clinicians regarding their intended travel itineraries vary. The reported place names may not match those in published travel health recommendations, making traveler-specific recommendations potentially difficult and time-consuming to identify. Most published recommendations are at the country level; however, subnational recommendations exist when documented disease risk varies within a country, as for malaria and yellow fever. Knowing the types of place names reported during consultations would be valuable for developing more efficient ways of searching and identifying recommendations, hence we inventoried these descriptors and identified patterns in their usage. The data analyzed were previously collected individual travel itineraries from pretravel consultations performed at Global TravEpiNet (GTEN) travel clinic sites. We selected a clinic-stratified random sample of records from 18 GTEN clinics that contained responses to an open-ended question describing itineraries. We extracted and classified place names into nine types and analyzed patterns relative to common travel-related demographic variables. From the 1756 itineraries sampled, 1570 (89%) included one or more place names, totaling 3366 place names. The frequency of different types of place names varied considerably: 2119 (63%) populated place, 336 (10%) tourist destination, 283 (8%) physical geographic area, 206 (6%) vague subnational area, 163 (5%) state, 153 (5%) country, 48 (1%) county, 12 (1%) undefined. The types of place names used by travelers to describe travel itineraries during pretravel consultations were often different from the ones referenced in travel health recommendations. This discrepancy means that clinicians must use additional maps, atlases or online search tools to cross-reference the place names given to the available recommendations. Developing new clinical tools that use geographic information systems technology would make it easier and faster for clinicians to find applicable recommendations for travelers.

English

English

Health impact of objective burden, subjective burden and positive aspects of caregiving: an observational study among caregivers in Switzerland

ObjectiveTo investigate associations of objective caregiver burden, subjective caregiver burden and positive aspects of caregiving with self-reported health indicators in caregiving partners of persons with a severe physical disability (spinal...