Frequency Of Chronic Diseases Research Articles

Paravertebral Block in the Treatment of Patients With Blunt Chest Trauma

The study was conducted in the Thoracoabdominal Department of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine to explore the role of paravertebral block in the treatment of blunt chest trauma. The study included 715 patients with isolated chest trauma hospitalized between January 1, 2020 and August 2021. 55 patients received analgesic therapy in the form of paravertebral block. The comparison group included 660 patients who did not undergo paravertebral block, in their case pain relief was provided by systemic administration of analgesics. The compared groups did not differ significantly in sex and age composition. There were also no differences in the frequency of chronic diseases and interpleural complications. There were no significant complications during the block. The comparison revealed a significant decrease in the incidence of pleurisy and a shorter length of stay in hospital. Paravertebral block is an effective and safe method of pain management for patients with blunt chest trauma. The use of this technique reduces the incidence of post-traumatic pleurisy and duration of hospitalization.

Medication Errors and Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Elderly Patients Admitted to the General Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of a University Hospital

Background: The frequency of chronic diseases, number of drugs used, and number of medication errors have increased in the elderly. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use and medication errors in elderly patients admitted to a university hospital and to identify the influencing factors.
 Material and Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, the patients’ characteristics, drug use patterns, and medication errors in the previous month were recorded in detail. Following this, PIM use was assessed according to the 2015 Beers Criteria.
 Results: A total of 721 elderlay patients (60.9% female and 39.1% male) were included in this study. The mean number of drugs used by the patients per day was 4.6±2.8 and the rate of polypharmacy was 49.4%. The rate of medication errors was 54.2%, that of PIM use was 30.1%, and that of adverse drug reactions was 22.5%; these rates were higher in patients with polypharmacy. The most common medication error, PIM use, and adverse drug reaction were the omission of a daily dose (36.5%), inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors (10%), and gastrointestinal system-related symptoms (7.7%), respectively. Diabetes mellitus and depression were found to be independent factors associated with medication errors.
 Conclusions: In the present study, patient-related medication errors, PIM use, and adverse drug reactions were more frequently observed in elderly patients with polypharmacy. In addition, medication errors were more commonly observed in elderly with diabetes mellitus and depression.

Kidney disease profile and encountered problems during follow-up in Syrian refugee children: a multicenter retrospective study.

Children are one of the most vulnerable groups in conflict zones, especially those with chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate kidney disease profiles and problems during follow-up in a population of Syrian refugee children residing in Turkey. Syrian refugee children aged between 0 and 18 years were included in the study. Demographic data, diagnosis, particular interventions due to nephrological problems, and problems encountered during follow-up were obtained from all participating pediatric nephrology centers. Data from 633 children from 22 pediatric nephrology centers were included. Mean age of the children was 94.8 ± 61.7 months and 375 were male (59%). 57.7% had parental consanguinity and 23.3% had a close relative(s) with kidney disease. The most common kidney diseases were congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) (31.0%), glomerular disease (19.9%), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (14.8%), and urolithiasis (10.7%). Frequent reasons for CAKUT were nonobstructive hydronephrosis (23.0%), vesico-ureteral reflux (18.4%), and neurogenic bladder (15.8%). The most common etiology of glomerular diseases was nephrotic syndrome (69%). Ninety-four children had CKD, and 58 children were on chronic dialysis. Six children had kidney transplantation. Surgical intervention was performed on 111 patients. The language barrier, lack of medical records, and frequent disruptions in periodic follow-ups were the main problems noted. CAKUT, glomerular disease, and CKD were highly prevalent in Syrian refugee children. Knowing the frequency of chronic diseases and the problems encountered in refugees would facilitate better treatment options and preventive measures.

Polypharmacy and potential inappropriate drug use in the elderly admitted to the general internal medicine outpatient clinic

In this study, we aimed to investigate the rates of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate drug (PID) use in elderly patients who admitted to General Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic. In this prospective cross-sectional study, the frequency of chronic diseases, the number of drugs used and polypharmacy rates of elderly patients were determined. Then, PIDs rates were investigated according to the 2015 Beers criteria. 304 (58,9% female, 41,1% male) patients were included in the study. 95,8% had at least one concomitant chronic disease, the mean number of drugs used by the patients per day was 4,9 ± 3,3 and the rate of polypharmacy was 52,9%. A total of 124 PIDs were determined in 104 (34,2%) patients, and this rate was higher in patients with polypharmacy (p < 0,05). The most common PIDs; the use of drugs that should be avoided in the elderly (Table 2-related PIDs; 28,3%), and the most common of these was the inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Prevalence of ophthalmic diseases in the population older than 50 years

To study the prevalence and age- and gender-related gradient of ophthalmic diseases (cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy) in the Russian population older than 50 years. A random population cohort (9360, aged 45-69 years) was examined in Novosibirsk in 2003/05 and re-examined in 2015/17 (the HAPIEE project). Ophthalmological parameters were studied in a random subsample (324 m/f, aged 55-84, 2015/17). Clinical and instrumental methods were applied to assess eye diseases: cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and other ophthalmic diseases. In the studied sample of men and women aged 55-84 years, the prevalence of cataract was 72.8%, AMD - 25.7%, glaucoma - 6.2%, DR - 2.1%, HR - 79.6%. The prevalence of other ophthalmic diseases (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, pterygium, pinguecula, dystrophy of cornea and retina, tumors and inflammatory diseases) was 13.5%. The frequency of cataract (p<0.001) and AMD (p=0.003) significantly increased with age. The frequency of glaucoma did not change substantially in the studied age range with insignificant increase in those older than 80 years (14.3%). The frequency of DR and HR were not consistently related to age. In the studied population sample of men and women aged 55-84 years (Novosibirsk), the prevalence of cataract and HR is high; the prevalence of AMD is similar to populations with moderate frequency of diseases; the frequency of glaucoma is close to populations with high prevalence of this disease. The frequency of cataract and AMD increased with age. There was no consistent age gradient of the frequency of glaucoma, DR and HR in the age range of 55-84 years.

Analysis of programs for ensuring active longevity of persons of older age groups in the moscow region

Aim. To study non - stationary and semi - stationary forms of health - improving services of multifunctional regional social welfare centers and determine satisfaction with their quality. Material and methods. The annual reports of state budgetary institutions of Territorial Centers for Social Welfare for 2017, projects to ensure healthy longevity. A survey of 210 respondents was conducted (average age - 71 years) of the participants in the Moscow Longevity project about satisfaction with the provision of recreational services of Territorial Centers for Social Welfare. Statistical analysis included the study of the absolute and relative values of the indicators obtained. Results. An analysis of the activities of 6 organizations of the Moscow Territorial Centers for Social Welfare revealed the implementation of all federal and regional programs, as well as two of them - local projects to stimulate active longevity. Women (68%) and persons with a higher education (48%) prevailed among the surveyed participants in the Moscow Longevity project. The frequency of chronic diseases and the attendance of medical care increased with age of the respondents. The average cost of purchasing drugs amounted to 25% of the monthly pension. Within one to three years, 54% of respondents used the services of Territorial Centers for Social Welfare. The analysis of satisfaction with the quality of social and health services showed high rates (4.7-4.9 points out of 5) for the criteria “Goodwill and competence of employees”, “Organization of educational, physical, leisure and social and cultural activity”. Average values (4.5-4.6 points) were obtained for the criteria “Openness and availability of information about the services provided” and “Comfort of conditions for the provision of services”. The lowest number of points - 4.2 - was obtained according to the criterion "Organization of medical and pharmaceutical care". Conclusions. In addition to federal and regional programs, organizations of the Moscow Territorial Centers for Social Welfare also implement local projects to stimulate active longevity. The majority of respondents use the services of Territorial Centers for Social Welfare for more than one year and positively evaluate their activities, but consider it expedient to increase the semi - stationary and non - stationary bases of the Territorial Centers for Social Welfare, create conditions for the provision of medical and medicinal care.

The frequency of chronic diseases and a health-promoting lifestyle in a group of elderly Romani people living in Northern Turkey

Purpose: To analyse the frequency of chronic diseases among Romani people who are sixty and older as well as their health-promoting lifestyle. Materials and methods: This research was conducted as a descriptive study between January 2015 and June 2015. The study included 98 elderly Romani people lived in Samsun, Turkey. The study data were collected using the questionnaire included 22 questions along with the Health-promoting Lifestyle Scale II. The statistical analysis of the data was made using percentage means, t-test, correlation, and ANOVA test. Results: The average age of the participating Romani people was 66.7±5.3. Of these Romani people, 83.7% had a chronic disease, and 80.6% had a medication that they used regularly. The mean score of the Romani citizens in the study sample on the Health-promoting Lifestyle Scale was 115.98±15.82. They obtained their highest score on the inter-personal relations sub-dimension and the lowest score on the stress management sub-dimension of the scale. There was a statistical correlation between the Romani people's gender, social insurance, income level, education level, family type, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure monitoring and their scores on the scale (p&lt;0.05). The study found that a health-promoting lifestyle did not affect the frequency of chronic diseases (p˃0.05). Conclusions: This study proved that the Romani people had risks of chronic diseases, did not attach sufficient importance to a health-promoting lifestyle and their health-promoting lifestyle is weaker compared to the elders in the rest of the population.

ANALYSIS OF WORK OF PERINATAL CENTERS IN NURSING OF PRETERM INFANTS IN UKRAINE

The Perinatal Center is a modern medical institution which unites all stages in performing high quality care for mothers and newborns. The development of a system of regional perinatal centers is recognized worldwide in reducing perinatal losses, frequency of chronic diseases and disability formation in Ukraine. The article reviews and analyzes the experience of perinatal centers in the period from 2014 to 2016, the main chellenges and proposals in increasing the effectiveness of rendering medical care to newborns in perinatal centers in Ukraine.

Where does the childhood obesity take us?

Childhood obesity is one of the most important health challenges of the 21st century. The problem is global and involves virtually all countries, especially those with medium and low incomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers that children who are overweight or obese will also suffer from it in adult life, increasing the frequency of chronic diseases and presenting them at a younger age

Peculiarities of pregnancy course and pregnancy outcomes in tobacco smoking

Tobacco is an urgent problem in Russia and in the world. Recent years have seen increased prevalence of smoking among the population. Tobacco dependence is included in the international classification of diseases, the American Psychiatric Association. From habit associated increase in the frequency of chronic diseases, mortality. In Russia smokes about 30 % of women and half of them continue to smoke during pregnancy. Proved that chronic nicotine intoxication has a negative effect on the pregnancy and fetus, worsens perinatal outcomes. It is also known that when tobacco smoking increases the level of homocysteine in the body, which in turn have toxic effects on vasculature. With many gestational hyperhomocysteinemia associated complications (gestoses, placental insufficiency, miscarriage and other). Already, there are methods of prevention and treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia. However, studies on folate metabolism in pregnant smoking a little. No clear approaches to the maintenance and inspection of this group of patients. I would like to draw attention to the state of folate metabolism in pregnant women with nicotine intoxication, reveal features of pregnancy, methods of prevention and treatment of gestational complications.

The risk of contracting pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in children with celiac disease, epilepsy, juvenile arthritis and type 1 diabetes—a nationwide study

Background and aimsThe association of celiac disease with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children is unclear. This study assesses the risk of IBD in children diagnosed with celiac disease and three other chronic diseases, namely epilepsy, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and type 1 diabetes using nationwide, comprehensive registers. MethodsWe identified Finnish children born between 1994 and 2008 and diagnosed with IBD (n=596) by October 2010 (aged up to 16years) in a national register of medical reimbursements, which all these patients are entitled to. The presence of other chronic diseases, such as celiac disease, epilepsy, JIA and type 1 diabetes, diagnosed before the diagnosis of IBD was accordingly identified in patients and their population-based, individually matched controls (n=2380). The data on chronic diseases are based on certificates including the diagnostic criteria. The risk of contracting IBD in children with a diagnosis of a chronic disease was analyzed using conditional logistic regression analysis. ResultsChronic diseases were more common in children contracting IBD than in their matched controls (frequency of chronic diseases 5.9% and 1.0%, respectively, p<0.001). Celiac disease associated with later development of ulcerative colitis (p<0.01) but the association with Crohn's disease was less clear (p<0.05). For the other chronic diseases, association was seen only between epilepsy and ulcerative colitis (p<0.01). ConclusionPediatric patients with celiac disease or epilepsy have an increased risk of developing IBD during their childhood but the risk is not high. This finding warrants a thorough investigation of intestinal symptoms in these children.

Diabetes mellitus y calidad de vida en población geriátrica institucionalizada

Objectives To describe the clinical profile of diabetes mellitus (DM) in elderly nursing home residents, as well as chronic complications and residents’ perceptions of their quality of life. Material and methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in the residential setting through comprehensive geriatric assessment. The frequency of chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes in patients with diabetes was compared. In residents without cognitive impairment, perceived quality of life was determined through the COOP-WONCA questionnaire and cardiovascular risk was assessed with the Framingham scale. Statistical significance was set at P<.05. Results A total of 190 residents were evaluated. The mean age was 83.1 years (SD 8.2) and 76.8% were women. Severe dependency was found in 50.5% and criteria for dementia were met by 57.0%. The prevalence of DM was 27.4%. DM predominated in women aged more than 80 years. A further 11 patients showed altered baseline glycemia (110-125 mg/dl). Among patients with DM there was a greater association with hypertension and vascular complications, as well as with urinary incontinence and overweight. HbA 1C levels were <7% in 65% and the main treatment was oral antidiabetic agents. Cardiovascular risk was high or very high in nursing home residents with DM. Perceived quality of life was higher in diabetic residents without cognitive impairment than in residents without diabetes ( P<.05). Conclusions DM is highly prevalent among elderly residents of nursing homes. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is essential to evaluate potential risks and to optimize quality of life in these patients.