Frequency-modulated Continuous-wave Signal Research Articles

FMCW radar signal analysis by time-frequency representations and correlation techniques

Two LPI signal detection and parameter estimation methods are analyzed in a non-cooperative context. The first method is based on the time-frequency signal analysis along with pattern recognition techniques. The second one is based on the estimation of a periodic autocorrelation function. Frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) signals are analyzed as a class of waveforms often used in LPI radars. Experimentally obtained signals are used in tests. An experiment with a real FMCW signal transceiver and a receiver is carried out and the obtained signal analysis results are presented.

An efficient method for nonlinear distortion calculation of the AM and PM noise spectra of FMCW radar transmitters

The demand for autonomous cruise control and collision warning/avoidance systems has increased in recent years. Many systems based on frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar have emerged and are still in development. Due to the high complexity of such systems, the accurate evaluation of the noise spectra in the transmitter chain driven by complex modulated signals is today a severe drawback due to the limitation of simulation tools. In this paper, a method is proposed to compute easily with any commercially available nonlinear simulator, the amplitude and phase modulated signal distortion introduced by the nonlinearities of the transmitter on an FMCW signal. First, the amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM) noise spectra of the driving FMCW signal is derived from the knowledge of the continuous wave (CW) AM and PM noise spectra of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and the modulating saw-tooth signal applied. Using the narrow band envelope concept and a first-order expansion of the nonlinear transfer function of the transmitter, the transfer of the AM and PM noise spectra of the driving FMCW signal through the nonlinear transmitter chain and the resulting output distortion are then computed. This novel approach allows to compute with reduced computation time and very good accuracy the AM/AM, AM/PM, PM/PM, and PM/AM conversion terms in any nonlinear system driven by CW or FMCW signals. This new method has been applied to the characterization of a whole car radar transmitter operating at 77 GHz driven by an FMCW signal issuing from a VCO. A successful comparison between measured and simulated PM-to-AM conversion coefficients of this transmitter is shown, validating the proposed method.

On the shape of measured spectra of the ionosphere sounding by an FMCW signal under dispersion case

A theoretical description is given to the ionosonde operation configuration in the mode of sounding the decametric radio channel by the frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW). A preprocessing of the received signal is carried out using the frequency-compression method. It is shown that the result derived from processing an individual time sample is mathematically equivalent to a sounding of the radio channel by a complex-valued narrow-band impulse signal. The group delays of this signal determines maximum in the recorded spectrum. We give the formula for calculating the form of the recorded spectrum at ionospheric soundings by the FMCW signal subject to the dispersion. A formula for calculating the spectral width due to the dispersion is obtained. A comparison is made with experimental data.