Frequency Dependence Of Conductivity Research Articles

Study the effect of kaolin on the electrical properties of polyvinyl acetate-polyol composite

Polyvinyl acetate and polyol (PVA-Polyol) has been blended in percentage by weight 3:1 and a mixture has been done by mixing different percentages by weight of kaolin for electrical measurements. Diagnosis of kaolin was measured by FTIR spectrophotometer. Quality factor (Q), dissipation factor (D), parallel resistance (R), pseries resistance (R), impedance (Z), series capacitance (C) and parallel capacitance ss(C) and Phase angle (Φ) were measured. The maximum electrical conductivity is pfound 6794 S.m-1 for samples 1, 3wt% kaolin and the minimum electrical conductivity is 1x10-5 S.m-1 for sample (2) 5wt% kaolin. Dielectric constants (έ), dielectric loss (έ′), have been studied and calculated. The frequency dependent ac conductivity (σ) and frequency independent dc conductivity (σ) has studied and acdcinvestigated. The calculated minimum and maximum ac conductivity (σ) is 3.2x10-5 acS.m-1 for samples (3) 6wt % kaolin and 0.45 S.m-1 for sample (2) 5wt % kaolin. The minimum and maximum calculated independent frequency dc conductivity (σ) is -dc 0.3472 S.m-1 for sample (2) 5wt % kaolin and 1.1671 S.m-1 for sample (1) 3wt % kaolin.

Investigation of Wettability and AC-Conductivity of EVA/PANI Composite

In the current work, EVA/PANI composite is successfully prepared by in-situ technique. Both prepared materials are characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV-Visible, and SEM analyses. Wettability and dielectric properties of both EVA film and EVA/PANI composite are studied. High intense peak is found in EVA/PANI composite and is indicated more crystalline nature compared to pristine EVA polymer film. π-π* and polaron transitions are appeared in the UV-Visible spectrum of EVA/PANI composite. Different absorption band of EVA film and EVA/PANI composite are viewed in their spectrum. A study has been made of wettability of smooth surfaces of EVA and HCl doped EVA/PANI materials by observing the equilibrium contact angle formed by a liquid drop resting on the solid surface. Wettability results of EVA/PANI composite shows hydrophilic nature. Frequency dependent AC electrical conductivity and Dielectric are analyzed for both materials.

Tunable bulk photovoltaic effect in strained γ -GeSe

Recently, Lee et al. [Nano Lett. 21, 4305 (2021)] synthesized the monochalcogenide GeSe in a polar phase, referred to as the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-phase. Motivated by this work, we study the shift current of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-GeSe and its tunability via an in-plane uniaxial strain. Using first-principles calculations, we uncover the electronic structure of strained $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-GeSe systems. We then calculate the frequency-dependent shift current conductivities at various strains. The tunability increases the shift current to $\ensuremath{\sim}40$ $\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{A/V}}^{2}$ for visible light. Moreover, the direction of the shift current can be inverted by a light strain. Markedly, noticeable behavior is found in the zero-frequency limit, which can be indicative of band inversion and electronic phase transition driven by the strain. Our results suggest that the shift current can be tangible proof of bulk electronic states of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-GeSe.

Investigation of multiferroic properties of dysprosium substituted bismuth ferrite (Bi1-xDyxFeO3) prepared by auto combustion technique

A simple and inexpensive auto combustion procedure was used to create the Bi1-xDyxFeO3 (x=0.0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.045, 0.060) multiferroics samples. In bismuth ferrite, the average crystallite size increased with growing Dy3+ concentration in BFO, revealing a rhombohedral distorted perovskite structure of space group R3c. During morphological analyses of the produced samples, a spherical structure with little aggregation was found. When Dy3+ is substituted at the B-site, the Raman modes widen and the cation site occupancy changes even more. The frequency-dependent dielectric properties (εr, tanδ), electric conductivity (ac), impedance (Z), and electric modulus (M' and M′′) of the samples were assessed using an impedance analyzer at frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 MHz. All samples had the maximum dielectric constant, which was discovered at a relatively low frequency. The highest value of impedance was found at low frequency and it lowers with increasing frequency as a result of the contributions from the grain and grain boundary. It is discovered that the samples' ac conductivity is frequency-dependent and changes depending on how much Dy3+ is doped into the BFO.

Electrical characterisation and analysis of dominant contributions in disordered semiconducting systems with an application to the pure bentonite material for civil engineering applications

Semiconductors and clay materials have significant applications in environmental, civil engineering and optoelectronic sectors. The application of an electric field to such systems is subject of many works. However, to understand the behaviour of such materials under the influence of an electric field, the perception of its electrical properties is essential. In the present study, the powerful technique of complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) is introduced to illustrate the electrical characteristics of two types of disordered semiconducting materials. These are Cu5In9Se16, an ordered defect compound of the I-III-VI2 family and a novel bentonite clay system which is an insulator at room temperature and semiconductor above 400 °C. Na-bentonite has been studied extensively because of its strong adsorption capacity and complexation ability while Cu5In9Se16 is considered for its use in solar and phtovoltaique domain. Some of selenides have turned out to be leading materials for electro-optical devices and the tellurides for thermoelectric power generation. It is very likely that study of bentonite clay and other similar materials may lead to the technology of heterojunction and clay composite. The frequency dependence of conductivity of bentonite was investigated using an impedance analyzer in the frequency range (20 Hz–1 MHz). The experimental data of CIS are analyzed using some analytical methods that take into account the effect of the grains and grain boundaries. The impedance data confirm the non-Debye behavior in these systems. Some important parameters related to the identified dominant contribution such as relaxation time and activation energies are estimated for the studied materials in the considered temperature and frequency ranges

Innovative model of the universal power law of dielectric and ac conductivity behavior of nonferroelectric materials

In predicting the dielectric and ac conductivity behavior of nonferroelectric materials, the novel model proposed in this study, which considers two components with conductivities in the low-frequency and high-frequency regimes in series, is more accurate than Jonscher's expression and provides insight into the related physical significance. New scaling parameters are uncovered, clarifying the diversity and misunderstanding of the existing parameters and the related physical significance. The demonstration of the relationship of loss peak frequency and intersection frequency of low- and high-frequency regimes of frequency dependence of conductivity is pioneering, providing deep insight into understanding the mechanism concerning the frequency dependence of charge carriers hopping and innovative perspectives with respect to the fundamental science of material dielectric and ac conductivity responses.

Broadband spectral induced polarization for the detection of Permafrost and an approach to ice content estimation – a case study from Yakutia, Russia

Abstract. The reliable detection of subsurface ice using non-destructive geophysical methods is an important objective in permafrost research. The ice content of the frozen ground is an essential parameter for further interpretation, for example in terms of risk analysis and for the description of permafrost carbon feedback by thawing processes. The high-frequency induced polarization method (HFIP) enables the measurement of the frequency-dependent electrical conductivity and permittivity of the subsurface, in a frequency range between 100 Hz and 100 kHz. As the electrical permittivity of ice exhibits a strong characteristic behaviour in this frequency range, HFIP in principle is suitable to estimate ice content. Here, we present methodological advancements of the HFIP method and suggest an explicit procedure for ice content estimation. A new measuring device, the Chameleon-II (Radic Research), was used for the first time. Compared to a previous generation, the new system is equipped with longer cables and higher power, such that we can now achieve larger penetration depths up to 10 m. Moreover, it is equipped with technology to reduce electromagnetic coupling effects which can distort the desired subsurface signal. The second development is a method to estimate ice content quantitatively from five Cole–Cole parameters obtained from spectral two-dimensional inversion results. The method is based on a description of the subsurface as a mixture of two components (matrix and ice) and uses a previously suggested relationship between frequency-dependent electrical permittivity and ice content. In this model, the ice relaxation is considered the dominant process in the frequency range around 10 kHz. Measurements on a permafrost site near Yakutsk, Russia, were carried out to test the entire procedure under real conditions at the field scale. We demonstrate that the spectral signal of ice can clearly be identified even in the raw data and show that the spectral 2-D inversion algorithm is suitable to obtain the multidimensional distribution of electrical parameters. The parameter distribution and the estimated ice content agree reasonably well with previous knowledge of the field site from borehole and geophysical investigations. We conclude that the method is able to provide quantitative ice content estimates and that relationships that have been tested in the laboratory may be applied at the field scale.

Electrical conductivity and impedance spectroscopy studies of ceramic (Ba0.8Sr0.2)Ti0.95(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.05O3 doped with Bi2O3

Polycrystalline samples of (Ba0·8Sr0.2)1–3x/2BixTi0.95(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.05O3 (BixBSTBZN) (x = 0.00, 0.10), were prepared by the solid state reaction method. The dielectric impedance properties were studied over the range of frequency between 100 Hz and 1 MHz and in the temperature range of 420 °C–480 °C, using the modulus formalism. The impedance plot showed a first semicircle at high frequency which was assigned to the grain intrinsic effect and a second semicircle, at lower frequencies, which corresponds to grain boundary polarization (conduction phenomenon). A complex modulus spectrum was used to understand the mechanism of the electrical transport process, which indicates that a non-Debye type of multiple relaxations in the material. The values of the activation energy of the compound (calculated both from dc conductivity and the modulus spectrum) are very similar, suggesting that the relaxation process may be attributed to the same type of charge carriers. The frequency dependent conductivity plots exhibit double power law dependence suggesting three types of conduction mechanisms: low frequency conductivity owing to long range translational motion of electrons, mid-frequency conductivity due to short-range hopping, and high frequency conduction due to localized orientation hopping mechanism. Variation of ac conductivity as a function of frequency shows that the compound exhibits Arrhenius-type of electrical conductivity.

A novel double perovskite BaKFeWO6: Structural, Microstructural, Dielectric and optical properties

• The synthesis of a stable BaKFeWO 6 double perovskite from BaWO 4 & KFeO 2 two non-perovskites materials. • Semiconducting property and NTC thermistor applications. • The study of I-V characteristics confirms the Ohmic nature with a low leakage current. • The study of UV visible spectrum provides the energy bandgap of 3.16 eV; which was found suitable for some optoelectronic devices. In this paper, the synthesis (solid-state reaction) and characterization (structural, electrical, and optical) of K + /Fe +3 co-doped inorganic BaWO 4 (i.e., BaKFeWO 6 ) double perovskite are reported. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) profile suggests an orthorhombic crystal symmetry with an average crystallite size of 95 nm and a lattice strain of 0.145 %. The incorporation of the potassium/iron ions on both sides of the barium tungstate is confirmed from RAMAN while microstructure (grain/grain boundary) analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirms the presence of all constituent elements with both weight and atomic percentage. The study of dielectric as a function of both frequency (1 kHz −1 MHz) and temperature (25 °C – 500 °C) insights into the structure, grain, grain boundary, transport properties and charge storage capacities. Modulus study suggests a non-Debye relaxation mechanism while impedance analysis suggests a negative temperature of coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior. The temperature-dependent dc conductivity follows Arrhenius's relation while frequency-dependent ac conductivity obeys Jonscher's power law and confirms the presence of the thermally activated conduction mechanism. The variation of the resistance with temperature confirms the character of the NTC thermistor. The I-V study supports the low leakage current and Ohmic character of the sample. The study of UV visible spectrum provides band-gap energy of 3.16 eV for some device applications.

Dielectric relaxation of α-Fe2O3/Gd2O3 core-shell nanoparticle obtained through the polyol method

The design of core-shell nanostructures is a potential approach to obtaining advanced dielectric nanocomposites. The frequency-dependent dielectric dispersion of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) encapsulated iron oxide (Fe2O3) core-shell nanoparticles (Fe2O3/Gd2O3 CSNPs) synthesized by the polyol route is investigated in the temperature range from 303 K to 553 K and in the frequency range from 42 Hz to 1.1 MHz. The phase formation of the materials is evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Synthesized Fe2O3/Gd2O3 CSNPs have multi-core nature are found by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Relaxation time corresponding to dielectric loss is found to obey Arrhenius law with an activation energy of 0.26 eV. Dielectric relaxation is analyzed in the electric modulus formalism. The frequency-dependent conductivity spectra follow the Jonscher power law.

Investigation of trapping effects in Schottky lightly doped P-GaN gate stack under γ-ray irradiation

In this Letter, trapping effects of a Schottky lightly Mg-doped p-GaN gate stack for low-power applications have been investigated, and further analysis focusing on AlGaN/GaN interface traps under γ-ray irradiation has been carried out. A negligible shift in the flatband voltage with γ-ray irradiation dose up to 800 krad indicates the superior radiation tolerance of the p-GaN gate structure. The difference between capacitance dispersion at the measurement frequency below and above 500 kHz is observed, which is attributed to trapping effects in different locations with varying gate voltage. Moreover, the frequency-dependent conductance method is put forward to assess the effects of different doses of γ-ray irradiation on the AlGaN/GaN interface traps. Based on that method, aside from the shallow trap states [the trap activation energy (ET) is about 0.334–0.338 eV] previously found in the traditional normally on high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), another type of deeper trap states at the AlGaN/GaN interface (ET is about 0.467–0.485 eV) is detected. It is observed that the ET of shallow trap states distributes at a deeper and broader range as the irradiation dose increases. Additionally, the trap density decreased after 600 krad doses irradiation but increased after 800 krad doses irradiation for both deep and shallow ET. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy are used to demonstrate the smooth AlGaN/GaN interface morphology, which will not be greatly damaged after 800 krad doses of γ-ray irradiation. This work can provide a further understanding of radiation tolerance and trapping effects of p-GaN gate HEMTs for low-voltage applications.

Impact of amorphous SiO2 as shell material on superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and investigation of temperature and frequency dependent dielectric properties

In this work, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and amorphous silica coated Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanocomposites synthesized using solvothermal method and modified Stöber method are reported. Powder XRD analysis, FTIR spectroscopic technique and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzeswere employed to confirm the structure and formation of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 core shell structured nanocomposites. The structural details elucidated from TEM images and SAED patterns are very much in agreement with the XRD results and confirm the formation of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 core shell structured nanocomposites. VSM analysis confirms super paramagnetic features having soft magnetic property in Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 albeit with reduction in saturation magnetization. The dielectric behavior was studied at different temperatures in the frequency range between 1 Hz and 1 MHz in the temperature range 373 K to 723 K in steps of 50 K. The modulus spectrum formalism reveals temperature dependent hopping type of mechanism for charge transport and the impedance spectra reveals the contribution of grain effect on the electrical properties. Further, the analysis of dielectric data indicates that the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 displays positive temperature coefficient of resistance type behavior and the frequency dependent ac conductivity obeys the well-known Jonscher’s power law. • Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 core shell nanocomposites are prepared using modified Stober process. • The value of magnetic saturation is high for Fe 3 O 4 and low for Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 core shell structured nanocomposites. • FTIR, XPS and TEM measurements substantiate the formation of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 core shell structured nanocomposites. • When the temperature is high the dielectric constant is high and the dielectric loss is low at lower frequency region. • The cole-cole plot reveals that the material follows non-Debye type of relaxation.

Dielectric and thermal performance of a C60-based nanofluid and a C60-loaded ferrofluid

Liquids in electrical devices often act as electrical insulators and cooling media. To enhance both dielectric and thermal properties of liquids, various nanoparticles can be dispersed in the liquids resulting in effective nanofluids. In this research, a new generation transformer oil prepared by a gas-to-liquid technology has been used to prepare a mono-nanofluid with fullerene C60 nanoparticles (0.01%w/V) and a hybrid nanofluid with C60 (0.01%w/V) and iron oxide nanoparticles (0.01%w/V), so-called C60-loaded ferrofluid. Both nanofluids and the oil were subjected to experimental investigation of frequency-dependent dielectric response, dielectric breakdown, and thermal conductivity at various temperatures. Finally, the three liquids were applied in a single-phase transformer, and temperature rise tests of the loaded transformer were conducted. The dielectric spectroscopy revealed three orders of magnitude higher dielectric losses in C60-loaded ferrofluid than in the oil and C60 nanofluid, where the losses are of conducting nature. In C60-loaded ferrofluid, an interfacial relaxation process is considered in addition. C60 particles in the oil increased its breakdown voltage by 17%, while the mixture of C60 and magnetic nanoparticles resulted in a 12.5% reduction of the breakdown voltage. The enhancement has been ascribed to the strong capacity of C60 to absorb electrons and their ability to weaken the photoionization in the head of the streamer. The thermal conductivity of both nanofluids decreases with temperature, and the effective medium theory can well predict it. A significant decrease in the transformer temperature rise up to 8 K has been found for C60 nanofluid, as compared with the temperature rise achieved with the transformer oil. The temperature rise was also reduced with C60-loaded ferrofluid (up to 5.6 K). The lower cooling efficiency of the hybrid nanofluid was attributed to the high dielectric losses generating undesirable heat with a counter-productive effect on the cooling process.

Green synthesis, characterization of SnO2 3D microbars with surface 2D nanostructures and evaluation of electrical properties of PMMA-SnO2 hybrid nanocomposites

SnO2 3D microbars (L ∼ 10 µm × B ∼ 1 µm x T ∼ 1 µm) distributed with 2D nanostructures (D ∼ 20 - 50 nm x l ∼ few nm) were synthesized by green approach using Plectranthus amboinicus plant extract. Effect of calcination treatments on the morphological changes of both primary microbars and secondary nanostructures were investigated. Dense corrugated networks of secondary particles were observed in the freshly synthesized material. When subjected to a temperature of 200 °C the densely covered particles on the surface, separate to distinct nanostructures. On further rise of temperature up to 400 °C, nanostructure networks break to complete individual nanoparticles, along with mild fragmental damage of particles. Presence of functional groups and bandgap energy levels of 3D/2D SnO2 material was studied using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, respectively. Bandgap energy level of 3.05 eV was observed at 400 °C and 3.06 eV was observed at other two conditions. Structural, morphological and elemental characterization of the material was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) spectroscopy. Using Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as matrix and 3D/2D SnO2 as the dispersed filler phase nanocomposite films were prepared. Effect of 3D/2D SnO2 loading on the alternating current (AC) conductivity of the nanocomposite films was investigated. Effect of frequency on AC conductivity, permittivity and loss factor of the composites were reported. The composites exhibited frequency dependent conductivity at lower frequencies and frequency independent conductivity at higher frequencies.

Single MEXCCII-Based Grounded Immittance Functions Simulation and Applications

A simple circuit based on modified extra-X second-generation current conveyor (MEXCCII), which is capable of realizing the following grounded immittance functions: a lossless capacitor, a lossy capacitor, a lossy inductor and a lossy frequency-dependent negative conductance, is introduced in this paper. The circuit employs one MEXCCII and three passive components. The use of single active block makes the circuit structure simpler. No component’s matching constraint is needed in the proposed circuit. The nonideal study of the proposed grounded immittance circuit is also included. The circuit’s performance is examined using 0.18-[Formula: see text]m technology-based PSPICE simulations. Experimental results which are performed using off-the-shelf integrated circuits (ICs) and bread board are also included. The proposed circuit is negligibly affected by the temperature variation and process variation. A single pole high-pass filter as an application of the realized lossy capacitor and a band-pass filter as an application of the realized lossy inductor are also presented in this paper. The realized filters offer the feature of ease of cascadability.

Effect of Fe ion substitution at B site of samarium cobaltite perovskites

Transition metal ion, Fe ion, doped at B site of samarium cobaltite (SmCoO3) perovskite was synthesized by solid state reaction method. The structural studies using X-ray diffraction technique confirmed perovskite structure with orthorhombic symmetry for SmCo1-xFexO3 (x = 0, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0) at room temperature. The scanning electron microscopy images show porous morphology for the synthesized samples. The vibrational band observed at 426 cm−1 in FTIR spectrum corresponds to Co–O stretching mode in cobaltite system. The DC conductivity increases with increase in temperature and was explained by the hopping model. The cole-cole plot explained the dielectric relaxation mechanism and established the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) for the material. The relaxation frequency observed from the imaginary impedance plot is temperature dependent and obeyed Arrhenius relation. The activation energy for different composition is in the range 0.011–0.017eV. The frequency dependent conductivity spectra were explained on the basis of Jonscher's power law.

Imprint of dynamic localisation in frequency-dependent conductivity in a paradigmatic quantum system

Imprint of dynamic localisation in frequency-dependent conductivity in a paradigmatic quantum system

A comprehensive study on structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of Ni0.3Cu0.3Zn0.4Fe1.8Cr0.2O4 nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion route

Ni0.3Cu0.3Zn0.4Fe1.8Cr0.2O4 (NCZF) ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion route. As obtained NCZF powder NPs from sol-get auto combustion route were divided into four parts equally. A non-calcinated part of NCZF NPs was considered as SS1 sample, whereas the three separated parts of NCZF NPs were calcinated at 400°C, 600°C and 800°C, accordingly and were considered as SS2, SS3 and SS4 samples, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of as-prepared samples were used to evaluate the microstructure parameters. The obtained crystallite sizes were found to be 25, 26.5, 23.4 and 28.1 nm for SS1, SS2, SS3, and SS4 samples, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images of samples exhibit the spherical shape particles. Average particle size was found to be 6.18, 8.24, 12.7, and 17.14 nm from particles size distributions of SS1, SS2, SS3 and SS4 samples, respectively. The saturation magnetization MS(45.96, 49.84, 48.84 and 50.01 (emu/g), coercivityHC(41.40, 43.00, 44.06, and 43.69 Oe), and remanant magnetization Mr(2.00, 1.85, 1.88 and 1.92 emu/g) were determined from M-H analysis of as-prepared samples. Surface analysis of SS2, SS3 and SS4 samples were examined by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Dielectric properties and real value of electric modulus of SS4 sample were reduced drastically as-compared to SS2 sample. Frequency dependent conductivity and impedance of SS4 sample was enhanced as-compared to SS2. Outstanding structural, dielectric and electric, and magnetic properties of NCZF NPs can be used for the multi-layer chip inductor applications.

Structural, electrical and gas sensing functionality of fabricated Co1-xZnxFe2-xNixO4 (x= 0.0,0.3) nanoparticles

This article reports for the first time the structural, electrical, and gas sensing functionality of novel composition of spinel-type porous Co0.7Zn0.3Fe1.7Ni0.3O4 microspheres fabricated through a simple hydrothermal route. The structural, morphological, and elemental properties of the materials are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) along with selected area electron diffraction pattern. XRD and XPS data reveal a pure phase spinel-type cubic crystal formation. Electron microscopic investigations confirm that the microspheres are devloped by the porous nano-lamellae made up of nanoparticles that are interconnected in a manner to form highly stable porous microspheres. AC impedance spectroscopy is utilized to analyse the electrical conductivity at different temperatures which disclose extrinsic semiconductor behaviour. The DC conductivity derived activation energy of the sample is found to be 0.76 eV. The frequency dependent conductivity of the compound obeyed Jonscher's power law and Koop's phenomenological theory. The sensing properties of the Zn and Ni doped ferrite were investigated for different gases and it demonstrates the promising sensing behaviour towards butane gas.

Effect of Ag2S on electrical conductivity and dielectric relaxation in Ag2O-MoO3-P2O5 ionic glassy systems

The influence of Ag2S incorporation on the electrical and dielectric properties of the host Ag2O-MoO3-P2O5 glassy matrix has been systematically studied in the present communication. By applying the well-known Archimedes principle, the density of the samples has been determined. The ionic property for all the as-prepared glassy systems has been explored methodically. The nearly identical obtained values of the crossover frequency and the activation energy for DC and AC conductivity suggest that the same mechanism is responsible for electrical conduction. For the purpose of inspecting the frequency and temperature dependent AC conductivity, the Almond-West formalism model has been used. The observed values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss are found to increase with the temperature rise and drop with rising frequency. The coinciding scaled complex electric modulus spectra suggest a non-Debye type dynamical relaxation mechanism, which also indicates that the relaxation mechanism is temperature independent but composition dependent.