Frequencies Of DD Research Articles

The influence of absorbed solar radiation by Saharan dust on hurricane genesis

AbstractTo date, the radiative impact of dust and the Saharan air layer (SAL) on North Atlantic hurricane activity is not yet known. According to previous studies, dust stabilizes the atmosphere due to absorption of solar radiation but thus shifts convection to regions more conducive for hurricane genesis. Here we analyze differences in hurricane genesis and frequency from ensemble sensitivity simulations with radiatively active and inactive dust in the aerosol‐climate model ECHAM6‐HAM. We investigate dust burden and other hurricane‐related variables and determine their influence on disturbances which develop into hurricanes (developing disturbances, DDs) and those which do not (nondeveloping disturbances, NDDs). Dust and the SAL are found to potentially have both inhibiting and supporting influences on background conditions for hurricane genesis. A slight southward shift of DDs is determined when dust is active as well as a significant warming of the SAL, which leads to a strengthening of the vertical circulation associated with the SAL. The dust burden of DDs is smaller in active dust simulations compared to DDs in simulations with inactive dust, while NDDs contain more dust in active dust simulations. However, no significant influence of radiatively active dust on other variables in DDs and NDDs is found. Furthermore, no substantial change in the DD and NDD frequency due to the radiative effects of dust can be detected.

Comparative study of I/D polymorphism of ace gene in diabetes type-2 patients and control group in unrelated Gujarati population

Many of the previous studies indicated that the I/D polymorphism of ACE gene is associated with diabetes type-2. To validate the association of I/D polymorphism in ACE gene, a study was designed in non-diabetic (normal) and diabetic type-2 patients of unrelated Gujarati population. The random blood samples from 36 normal and 36 diabetic type -2 patients of above 45 years were collected for the studies. DNA was extracted from blood samples for PCR by using ACE specific primers. The gene and genotype frequencies were estimated for different alleles observed in diabetic as well as in normal healthy persons. In present study, all three genotypes that is, I/I (477bp), I/D (477/190bp), D/D (190bp) were observed in samples from normal and diabetic patients. Among all genotypes ID (58.3%) has maximum genotypic frequency in diabetic than Non diabetic individuals (44.4%), frequency of II (27.7%) is more in Non diabetic individuals than Diabetic individuals (19.4%) and genotypic frequency of DD (27.7%) is more in Non diabetic than Diabetic individuals (22.22%). The results were not in agreement with so many previous studies. However, recent findings of other studies conducted in different ethnic groups are similar to our findings which do not support that I/D polymorphism are associated with type-2 diabetes.

Association of ACE, FABP2 and GST genes polymorphism with essential hypertension risk among a North Indian population

Background: Hypertension has a multi-factorial background based on genetic and environmental interactive factors. ACE, FABP2 and GST genes have been suggested to be involved in the development of hypertension. However, the results have been inconsistent.Aim: The present study was carried out to investigate the association of ACE (rs4646994), FABP2 (rs1799883) and GST (GSTM1 null or positive genotype and GSTT1 null or positive genotype) genes polymorphism with essential HTN cases and controls.Subjects and methods: This study includes 138 essential hypertension (HTN) patients and 116 age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched control subjects. GST (GSTM1 null or positive genotype and GSTT1 null or positive genotype) genes polymorphisms were evaluated by multiplex PCR, ACE (rs4646994) gene polymorphisms by PCR and FABP2 (rs1799883) gene polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP method.Results: Significant differences were obtained in the frequencies of ACE DD, II genotype (p = 0.006, 0.003), GSTT1 null, GSTM1 positive genotype (p = 0.048, 0.010) and FABP2 Ala54/Ala54 genotype (p = 0.049) between essential HTN cases and controls.Conclusion: It is concluded that ACE (rs 4646994), FABP2 (rs1799883) and GST (GSTM1 null or positive genotype and GSTT1 null or positive genotype) genes polymorphism are associated with HTN. Further investigation with a larger sample size may be required to validate this study.

ASSOCIATION OF ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME GENE POLYMORPHISM AND DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN SHARKIA GOVERNORATE

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end – stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The pathogenesis of this condition is not well understood clearly at present. The relationship between angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/ deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and risk of DN is still conflicting. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate the association of ACE I/D gene polymorphism and development of diabetic nephropathy in a cohort of Egyptian population from Sharkia Governorate. Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study. The first group included 45 without nephropathy while the second group included 45 with nephropathy. Both groups were subjected to full history taking, physical examination, routine laboratory investigations including fasting and 2 hours post prandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, urine albumin excretion and urinary creatinine estimation. ACE I /D genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using allele specific primers. The frequencies of ACE DD, ID and II genotypes in group I were 11.1%, 55.6%, 33.3%. But in group II were 33.3%, 46.7%, 20% respectively. DD genotype was significantly more frequent in group II than group I (33.3% VI 11.1%), odd ratio1.5; 95%, Confidence interval (1.049-2.145), p<0.01). The ACE DD genotype is associated with diabetic nephropathy in Sharkia governorate.

Association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of turkey prolactin with egg performance

The induction and regulation of broodiness is of the most important role of prolactin in avian species. In this study, the association between prolactin promoter region alleles and reproductive traits in Fars native turkey was investigated. These traits consisted of mean egg weight (MEW), number of egg (EN) and egg mass, during the first laying period. In total, 115 laying turkeys, randomly selected from the flock of the Breeding Center for Fars Native turkey, and DNA was purificated from blood samples, 231 bp of prolactin promoter region was amplified and Genotype of Samples was determinate by PCR-SSCP technique were genotyped. Two alleles D and I were identified. Based on the results obtained, the frequency of D and I alleles were 0.67 and 0.33, respectively. Frequencies of DD, II and ID genotypes were 0.385, 0.044 and 0.571, respectively. The association analysis between the polymorphism PRL gene promoter region and egg performance was carried out. Significant relationship was found between genotypes with egg production (P&lt;0.01). Individuals with II genotype produced higher egg production than DD and ID genotype. The results of current study showed that using information of genes related to egg production could be used to improve the performance of native turkey of East Azerbaijan province.

GW24-e3765 A Correlational Study about Relationship between ACE Gene Polymorphisms with Heart Failure in Hainan Han Nationality.

ObjectivesTo study the correlation between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)gene polymorphisms with heart failure in Hainan Han Nationality.MethodsACE I/D gene polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 150 cases...

630 ACE GENE I/D POLYMORPHISM IN HEALTHY SMOKERS

Background: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) was first identified as a key component of the rennin-angiotensin system, as its main role is in the conversion of inactive decapeptide Angiotensin I in to active octapeptide Angiotensin II. ACE gene contains a polymorphism based on the absence or presence of a non-sense fragment. In humans ACE I/D Polymorphism is situated in Intron 16 of the ACE gene. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of ACE gene I/D polymorphism in Pakistani healthy smokers. Design and methods: A total of 50 smokers and 50 age and sex matched controls were enrolled in the study. Genomic DNA isolated from subjects as well as from the matched controls was used for the detection of ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism by triple primer method with nested PCR. ACE I/D polymorphism was assayed in Intron 16 of the ACE gene. The banding patterns of the three possible genotypes were: DD, 210 bp; II, 498 bp and 264 bp; ID: 498 bp and 210 bp. Statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS ver 13. Results: The frequency of DD, ID and II genotypes was same in smokers and in healthy controls. Conclusions: No significant difference was found in the frequency of the insertion (II) and deletion (DD) alleles in the subjects and controls.

Studies on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Genotype Distributions in Turkish Preeclampsia Patients

Placental, immune and genetic factors are thought to play an important role in preeclampia (PE)'s pathophysiology. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) plays a vital role in the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) which regulates blood pressure by converting angiotensin I into a powerfull vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. A deletion polymorphism (D allele) has been reported to be associated with elevated ACE activity. The aim of the this study was to investigate whether there is an association between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and PE. In this study, 120 preeclamptic and 116 normotensive Turkish pregnant women were genotyped for ACE I/D polymorphism and the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of this polymorphism in preeclampsia and controls were evaluated. Codominant, dominant and recessive models were appplied in ACE gene I/D polymorphism. In the codominant model, DD genotype was found significantly more frequent in preeclampsia than controls (P = 0.016). Moreover, in dominant model (DD frequency versus DI+II frequency) there was a significant relation between DD genotype and preeclampsia (P = 0.006). D allele frequency was 64.6% in preeclampsia while it was 56.1% in controls (P = 0.062). In conclusion, there was significant difference in genotype distribution between preeclampsia and controls.

Do ACE (rs4646994) and αADDUCIN (rs4961) gene polymorphisms predict the recurrence of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage?

This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of ACE and αADDUCIN polymorphisms in patients with recurrent and nonrecurrent hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A total of 101 nonrecurrent and 33 recurrent hypertensive ICH patients underwent an ACE (rs4646994) and αADDUCIN (rs4961) gene polymorphism study. The risk factors, clinical findings, CT scan abnormalities and functional outcome of recurrent and nonrecurrent ICH were compared. ACE (rs4646994) and αADDUCIN (rs4961) gene polymorphisms were also compared in the two groups and with 198 controls. The patients with recurrent ICH were older compared to those with nonrecurrent ICH and the other stroke risk factors were found in the two groups. Ganglionic-ganglionic pattern of recurrence was the commonest (75.6%) and all had at least one ICH in the location of hypertensive ICH. ACE DD genotype (OR6.18, 95%CI 2.93-13.02) and D allele (OR 2.43, 95%CI 1.70-3.47) were associated with nonrecurrent ICH compared to controls. In patients with recurrent ICH, DD genotype (OR 7.46, 95%CI 2.8-19.4) and D allele (OR 3.16, 95%CI 1.83-5.46) of ACE, and GW (OR 3.49, 95%CI 1.47-8.28), WW (OR 2.9, 95%CI 1.40-4.30) genotypes and W allele (OR 7.46, 95%CI 2.80-19.40) of αADDUCIN were more frequent compared to controls. Recurrent ICH also had higher frequency of WW genotype (OR 9.43, 95%CI 1.49-59.50) and W allele (OR 2.19, 95%CI 1.11-4.03) compared to nonrecurrent ICH. The frequency of DD + WW (P = 0.008) and DD/WW + ID/GW (P = 0.0001) genotypes in the recurrent ICH was higher than in the nonrecurrent ICH and the controls. Variant genotype combinations of ACE and αADDUCIN render the hypertensive patient more vulnerable to recurrent ICH.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) serum levels and gene polymorphism in Egyptian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

To investigate the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and serum ACE level among Egyptian SLE patients and its relation to disease activity parameters. We enrolled 50 Egyptian female systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 29 healthy controls. Measurement of serum ACE level was done using ELISA, and the ACE genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction using genomic DNA from peripheral blood. A significant difference was found in ACE genotypes between SLE patients and controls (χ(2 )= 7.84, p = 0.02). The frequency of ACE DD versus (DI and II) genotypes was significantly higher in SLE patients compared with controls (χ(2 )= 5.57, p = 0.018 and OR for risk of SLE was 3.1 with 95% confidence interval: 1.198.06). Mean serum ACE level was significantly higher in the SLE group compared with controls (p = 0.006). Subjects with DD genotype had a significantly higher mean level than those with DI (p = 0.015) and II genotypes (p = 0.02). Lupus nephritis patients had a significantly higher frequency of DD versus DI and II genotypes compared with lupus patients without nephritis (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.025) and controls (χ (2) =8.74, p = 0.003). SLE patients with vasculopathy had a significantly higher frequency of DD versus DI/II genotypes compared with SLE patients without vasculopathy (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.04) and controls (χ(2 )= 9.84 and p = 0.002). Mean serum ACE level was significantly higher in the lupus nephritis and SLE patients with vasculopathy compared with controls (p = 0.008, p = 0.001, respectively). Significant positive correlations were found between serum ACE level and serum creatinine and 24 h proteinuria (p = 0.03, 0.009, respectively). SLE patients with DD genotype had a statistically significant higher mean SLEDAI score than those with (DI/II) genotypes (p = 0.02). Significant positive correlation was found between serum ACE levels and SLEDAI scores (p = 0.04). ACE genotype and subsequently serum ACE level could be associated with the disease activity of Egyptian SLE patients; in addition, ACE deletion polymorphism might be used as one of the predictive factors for the activity of SLE. Further studies on a larger number of patients should be done to determine the exact prevalence of ACE gene polymorphism among Egyptian SLE patients.

A study the relation of ACE gene polymorphisms and risk factor with coronary heart disease in Hainan Li and Han nationality

ObjectiveTo probe into the relation of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms and the risk factor with coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Hainan Li and Han nationality.MethodsUsed the...

Study on the correlation between genetic polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in Hainan Li Nationality and hypertension with atherosclerosis

ObjectiveTo study the correlation between genetic polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in Hainan Li Nationality and hypertension with atherosclerosis.MethodsACE I/D gene polymorphisms were detected by PCR in 260 hypertension patients...

Association between polymorphism of GPR54 gene and litter size in Small Tail Han sheep

A DNA fragment (4262 bp) of sheep GPR54 gene was obtained through PCR and DNA sequencing methods. One nucleotide transition mutation (A125G) and one 5 bp deletion/insertion (TTCTT) mutation at the 163–167 locus in 5´-regulatory region of sheep GPR54 gene were identified by sequence alignment between Small Tail Han and Corriedale sheep. The distributions of these two mutations were determined in high prolificacy breeds (Small Tail Han and Hu sheep) and low prolificacy breeds (Chinese Merino and Corriedale sheep) and their effects on litter size in Small Tail Han sheep were also evaluated. The results showed that the two mutations existed in all four sheep breeds tested. In Small Tail Han sheep, genotype frequency of AA, AG and GG was 0.250, 0.500 and 0.250, respectively. The differences of litter size between three genotypes were not significant in Small Tail Han sheep ( P > 0.05). Genotype frequency of CC, CD and DD was 0.175, 0.125 and 0.700, respectively. Small Tail Han sheep ewes with genotype CC had 0.66 ( P < 0.05) or 0.49 ( P < 0.05) lambs more than those with genotype DD or CD, respectively. The ewes with hap3/hap3 or hap2/hap3 had the most litter size in Small Tail Han sheep. And the inserted/deleted mutation may influence the binding of the transcription factor deltaE. These preliminary results indicated that allele C at the 163–167 locus in GPR54 gene may be a potential marker for improving litter size in sheep.

Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme Gene Is Linked With Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

To study the putative significance of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Recent evidence has suggested that a 287-base pair insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism (rs4646994) of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) might be associated with cancer risk and progression. The present case-control study accrued 383 subjects, including 210 with RCC and 173 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals without evidence or a history of cancer. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood leukocytes. The ACE fragment containing the polymorphism was amplified using conventional polymerase chain reaction using specific primer pairs and subsequently genotyped using agarose gel electrophoresis. Overall, a DD genotype and D allele were more frequently noted in the patients with RCC than in the controls (P = .042 and P = .045, respectively), and resulted from a greater frequency of DD and D in chromophobe RCC (P = .023 and P = .020, respectively). In contrast, the genotype and allele distribution of the controls and patients with papillary or clear cell RCC was similar. The II genotype was not observed in any patient with chromophobe RCC. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the ACE genotype was an independent risk factor for chromophobe RCC (P = .012). Neither the ACE genotypes or alleles were associated with the tumor stage or grade. The results of the present study have shown for the first time that the ACE insertion/deletion gene polymorphism rs4646994 might be linked with the development of chromophobe RCC. Neither the ACE genotypes nor the alleles were associated with RCC progression.

English

&nbsp; Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was first identified as a key component of the rennin-angiotensin system, as its main role is to process angiotensin I to angiotensin II and degrade bradykinin. Human ACE maps to chromosome 17q23 spans 21Kb, includes 26 exons and 25 introns. In humans, ID, DD, and II polymorphism is located in intron 16 of the angiotensin gene. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism genotype in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and to study the correlation between I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene and clinical manifestations of SLE. Sixty one (61) controls and 61 SLE patients were recruited from Punjab-Pakistan. Sixty one SLE patients and 61 control subjects were studied for ACE I/D polymorphism by using Triple primer method with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequency of DD, ID and II genotypes was 54, 3 and 4% in SLE patients&rsquo; and 23, 32 and 6% in healthy controls, respectively. The frequency of DD allele in SLE patients with lupus nephritis is 100%, Sjogren&rsquo;s syndrome 100%, Raynaud&rsquo;s phenomenon 88.88%, and with rheumatoid arthritis it is 78.94%. The frequency of ID allele in SLE patients with Raynaud&rsquo;s phenomenon is 5.55%, and with rheumatoid arthritis it is 10.52%. The frequency of II allele in SLE patients with Raynaud&rsquo;s phenomenon 5.55%, rheumatoid arthritis is 10.52% but the important thing to note is that the frequency of II allele in SLE patients with vasculitis is 100%. This study was undertaken to determine whether DD, ID and II polymorphisms of Intron16 of the ACE gene is associated with SLE and whether the results support such an association. It can be concluded that lupus nephritis, Sjogren&rsquo;s syndrome, Raynaud&rsquo;s phenomenon, rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis, which are common among Pakistani SLE patients, are related diseases and ACE gene is involved in lupus susceptibility. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Systemic lupus erythematosus, angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism, Sjogren&rsquo;s syndrome, Raynaud&rsquo;s phenomenon, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis.

E0592 Study on the correlation between genetic polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in Hainan Li Nationality and hypertension with atherosclerosis

ObjectiveTo study the correlation between genetic polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in Hainan Li Nationality and hypertension with atherosclerosis.MethodsACE I/D gene polymorphisms were detected by PCR in 260 hypertension with...

E0399 The ACE gene polymorphisms distribution status in Hainan Li and Han peoples with coronary heart disease

ObjectiveTo explore the significance of the ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in peoples of Hainan Li and Han nationality with coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsUsed the PCR to detect the polymorphisms...

E0398 A study the relation of ACE gene polymorphisms and risk factor with coronary heart disease in Hainan Li and Han Nationality

ObjectiveTo probe into the relation of the ACE gene polymorphisms and the risk factor with coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Hainan Li and Han nationality.MethodsUsed the PCR to detect...

E0397 A correlational study of ACE gene polymorphisms

ObjectiveTo study the correlation of the ACE gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Hainan Li nationality.MethodsUsed the PCR to detect the polymorphisms of ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D)...

Western Mediterranean coastal waters—Monitoring PCBs and pesticides accumulation in Mytilus galloprovincialis by active mussel watching: the Mytilos project

In order to evaluate the contamination levels in the Western Mediterranean basin, the active mussel watch methodology has been applied. This methodology consists of mussel transplantation (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from non impacted areas to selected coastal areas, characterised by potential impact from the continent due to contaminating sources. The areas of interest were selected along the entire coastal development of the Western Mediterranean sea, 122 sites in total. The time of mussel caging exposure was 12 weeks. The project was co-financed in the frame of the Interreg IIIB Meddoc Programme, aimed at determining the overall chemical quality of the Mediterranean sea, consistent with the Water Framework Directive 2000/60. Several partners representative of the coastal Mediterranean Countries were involved in the Project, with the purpose of building up a common surveillance network, adopting shared methodologies. In this paper we present the results of three yearly monitoring campaigns (2004, 2005, 2006) carried out along the coasts of Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, including the coastal environment of Baleares, Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. The contamination levels of Pesticides (DDT and its metabolites, Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers alpha and gamma) and Polychlorinated biphenyls, are reported and discussed. Statistical elaborations performed on the original data set were mainly aimed at validating the raw sample distributions, by means of the Johnson method. Both DD and PCB species frequency distributions have been approximated to appropriate theoretical distributions, belonging to the Log-normal and Bounded families. By integrating the related Probability Density Functions (p.d.f.), different accumulation values for DDT, DDD and DDE and PCB species have been estimated, corresponding to fixed percentage points of the area under the respective curves. By choosing appropriate probability level boundaries (33rd and 66th percentile), different regional zones have been ranked in terms of low, medium and high accumulation for Pesticides and PCBs.