Frequency Of Aggression Research Articles

A tornado in the family: fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and aggression during childhood and adolescence: a scoping review.

Aggression exhibited by children and youth with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) toward family members is a major cause of stress and anxiety for caregivers, but relatively little attention has been directed toward designing interventions specific to this phenomenon. In light of the serious negative impact of this issue for families, a scoping review was undertaken to summarize the evidence available on psychosocial interventions that may mitigate the frequency and severity of aggression exhibited by children and youth with FASD toward family members. This review was designed using PRISMA-SCR and JBI scoping review guidelines. Three databases were searched in August 2021: EMBASE, PsychINFO, and Medline. A total of 1,061 studies were imported for screening with only five studies meeting full eligibility criteria. None of the interventions were aimed at specifically targeting aggression and instead reported on broader constructs of externalizing behaviors such as hyperactivity. The interventions were limited to school-aged children. Studies reported primarily on child outcomes while only one reported on family related outcomes. Following from this review of the literature, we argue that aggression is a related but separate construct from other behavioral problems most frequently targeted by parenting interventions. Given the often dire consequence of aggression displayed by children and youth with FASD and the limited number of studies, there is an urgent need for research on how to support families to manage this specific type of behavior in this population.

The Mediating Role of Callous-Unemotional Traits in the Relationship between Parental Aggression and Behavioral Problems among Chinese Preschoolers.

It is well known that aggressive parenting is associated with behavioral problems among Western children in their early childhood, but this has rarely been examined among Chinese preschoolers. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between aggressive parenting, callous-unemotional traits (CU traits), and behavioral problems among a large Chinese preschool sample. Data were collected in Wuhu city, China, from 1879 preschoolers (54% of whom were male) with a mean age of 65.66 months (standard deviation = 9.41). Parents provided information about the frequency of aggressive parenting, children's behaviors, and demographic characteristics via an online questionnaire. Mediation models were applied to analyze the associations between aggressive parenting, CU traits, and behavioral problems. Preschoolers' age, gender, and family socioeconomic status were considered as covariates. The findings of our study revealed that higher frequencies of parental psychological and physical aggression were associated with high levels of CU traits, which were related to increased levels of preschoolers' behavioral problems. This study extends previous studies by revealing a positive relationship between aggressive parenting and behavioral problems among Chinese preschoolers via CU traits and highlights the risks of aggressive parenting. Interventions for improving parenting strategies and lessening callous-unemotional traits should be developed to help reduce behavioral problems.

Don’t sweat the small stuff; anger rumination and lack of forgiveness are related to aggressive driving behaviours

Aggressive drivers pose a significant road safety threat to themselves and other road users. Therefore, understanding the relationships between certain cognitive processes and increased frequency of aggression has the potential to reduce road trauma through intervention. This study examined the relationships between anger rumination and forgiveness with trait driving anger and aggressive driving. These factors have previously been individually identified as predictors of aggression; but have yet to be considered simultaneously, despite recognised association between forgiveness and rumination tendencies outside of road safety research. Aggressive driving was measured across three facets of behaviour: verbal aggression, physical aggression, and use of the vehicle to display anger. Adaptive constructive responses to driving anger were also considered. Five hundred and one drivers (mean age = 43.7; SD = 17.7; men = 53.8%) completed an online questionnaire seeking information on these factors. Structural equation modelling showed that, after controlling for gender, 62% of the variance in aggressive driving was explained by a combination of trait driving anger, more frequent rumination and lower levels of forgiveness. Specifically, lower levels of forgiveness predicted more anger rumination (accounting for 49% of the variance), and the relationship between anger rumination and aggression was fully mediated by trait driving anger. A second model demonstrated that 17% of the variance in adaptive constructive responses to anger could be explained by higher levels of forgiveness, lower rumination and driving anger. Efforts to improve driver behaviour need to focus primarily on the reduction of driving anger. This could be achieved by reducing rumination through the promotion of forgiveness for the behaviour of other drivers.

Gender-Based Violence Against Pregnant Women and Its Relationship with Maternal Depression in Patients Attended at a Public Hospital in Chincha, Peru: A Cross-Sectional Study

At least one-third of women worldwide has suffered intimate partner violence (IPV) during their lifetime. During pregnancy, IPV has serious consequences on the physical and mental health of women and children. Therefore, this study aims to describe domestic violence and maternal depression in Peruvian patients treated in a public hospital. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on pregnant women between 18 and 40 years of age who attended their prenatal checkups at the San José de Chincha National Hospital located in the Ica region in southern Peru. A total of 316 pregnant women were interviewed, of which 48.4% were between 18 and 25 years of age and 28.2% belonged to a rural area. The frequency of psychological violence and physical aggression was 19.6% (n = 62) and 7% (n = 22), respectively. Furthermore, 22.1% (n = 70) of the participants were at risk of feminicide. Maternal depression was present in 29.1% (n = 92) of the participants and 16.8% (n = 53) had suicidal thoughts. Multivariate analysis showed several risk factors: unwanted pregnancy (adjusted prevalence of the ratio [aPR]: 1.44, confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.01–2.07), psychological violence (aPR: 1.79, CI 95%: 1.23–2.60), mild risk of feminicide (aPR: 1.97, CI 95%: 1.31–2.961), and a moderate risk of feminicide (aPR: 1.81, CI 95%: 1.11–2.95). In conclusion, the risk of femicide, the frequency of IPV against women, and the rate of maternal depression are all high among pregnant women treated at San Jose de Chincha Hospital, since one in three pregnant women has maternal depression and one in five has been a victim of psychological violence or at risk of feminicide.

Offenders and non-offenders with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Do they really differ in known risk factors for aggression?

Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have an elevated risk for aggressive behavior, and several factors contributing to this risk have been identified, e. g. comorbid substance use disorders. From this knowledge, it could be inferred that offender patients show a higher expression of said risk factors than non-offender patients. Yet, there is a lack of comparative studies between those two groups, and findings gathered from one of the two are not directly applicable to the other due to numerous structural differences. The aim of this study therefore was to identify key differences in offender patients and non-offender patients regarding aggressive behavior through application of supervised machine learning, and to quantify the performance of the model. For this purpose, we applied seven different (ML) algorithms on a dataset comprising 370 offender patients and a comparison group of 370 non-offender patients, both with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. With a balanced accuracy of 79.9%, an AUC of 0.87, a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 82.5%, gradient boosting emerged as best performing model and was able to correctly identify offender patients in over 4/5 the cases. Out of 69 possible predictor variables, the following emerged as the ones with the most indicative power in distinguishing between the two groups: olanzapine equivalent dose at the time of discharge from the referenced hospitalization, failures during temporary leave, being born outside of Switzerland, lack of compulsory school graduation, out- and inpatient treatment(s) prior to the referenced hospitalization, physical or neurological illness as well as medication compliance. Interestingly, both factors related to psychopathology and to the frequency and expression of aggression itself did not yield a high indicative power in the interplay of variables, thus suggesting that while they individually contribute to aggression as a negative outcome, they are compensable through certain interventions. The findings contribute to our understanding of differences between offenders and non-offenders with SSD, showing that previously described risk factors of aggression may be counteracted through sufficient treatment and integration in the mental health care system.

Aggression as a Consequences of Prejudicm

Aggression is a forceful action, whose intent is to harm another individual. It is characterize by type severity and frequency, more or less it is found in all members of society. Many factors affect the frequency of aggression. Prejudice is one of the factor, whose affect aggression, which is studied in this research. The present study intends that prejudice enhance the level of aggression among college going students. For accomplishment of above objective 100 college students (50 Male & 50 Female) has been taken from different colleges of Agra City. The Prejudice has been measured by prejudice scale developed by Bharadwaj, R.L and Aggression Scale developed by Pal, R., and Naqvi,T., were used for this study. The obtained score was analyzed with the help of Mean, SD and ANOVA. The findings of the present research revealed that racism prejudice is a huge cause of aggressions as well as male and female treated it differently. Many studies evident by their results that prejudice is root cause of aggression in Indian perspective.

Az agresszív magatartás rizikóját felmérő skála alkalmazása akut pszichiátriai felvételre kerülő betegeken

Aggressive behavior among psychiatric patients occurs the most frequently during acute inpatient treatment causing significant safety risk for patients and staff. As part of a risk-reducing project targeting the reduction of the frequency of physical aggression, a daily routine use of a risk evaluation tool was introduced in the acute psychiatric unit of the Jahn Ferenc South Pest Hospital. Selection of the appropriate risk evaluation tool was based on a thorough search of the literature. After preparing the Hungarian translation of V-RISK-10, all acutely admitted patients were assessed with this rating scale completed by the duty psychiatrist. To evaluate the predictive validity of the scale, the authors retrospectively surveyed the number and length of necessary physical restraints due to aggressive behavior in the first week after admission. The mean score on V-RISK-10 was 6.78 ± 3.36 points and the time patients spent under restraints was 6.96 ± 17.21 hours. The sum score of the V-RISK-10 showed a moderate strength, and significant correlation with the time spent under restraint (r = 0.447; p = 0.001). The results confirmed that V-RISK-10 is an appropriate tool for predicting physical aggression necessitating restraints in the first days following an acute psychiatric admission. History of violent behavior, drug use, and a psychiatric diagnosis and suspiciousness among current symptoms had the strongest predictive value. The V-RISK-10 is a risk assessment tool that is user-friendly in the context of acute psychiatric inpatient care and has a moderate power for predicting aggressive behavior. Patients with high risk of aggression can be identified with this tool at the time of admission. With careful monitoring and timely initiation of aggression prevention strategies, the occurrence of aggressive behavior can be minimized. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(8): 293-299.

20 s Cadence TESS Photometry of HR 8799

We analyzed 20 s cadence Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite time-series photometry of the exoplanet host star HR 8799 collected in Sector 56. The amplitude spectrum shows Gamma Doradus (γ Dor) pulsations consistent with previous space-based photometry from MOST. Assuming that HR 8799 is a representative of γ Dor stars in the Kepler sample, the dominant dipole mode at 1.98 cycles day−1 implies a core rotation period of ∼0.7 day, which combined with and stellar radius measurements would result in a preliminary stellar inclination of ∼28° assuming rigid rotation. We find no significant residual photometric variation after removing the pulsation signal aside from a ∼9 days trend that is likely a systematic effect or an artifact from performing aggressive frequency subtraction in the presence of red noise.

Research on Communication Technology of OPGW Line in Distribution Network under Interference Environment

In optical fiber composite overhead ground wire (OPGW) networks, the current monitoring is mainly through installing electronic sensors on the cable and manually monitoring the video on the cable, where the interference plays an important role in the communication and monitoring based systems. In essence, the interference arises from aggressive frequency reuse, especially in the frequency-limited Internet of Things (IoT) networks. The existence of interference causes a negative effect on the system performance of communication systems and IoT networks including the OPGW networks. Hence, this article investigates the communication technology of OPGW line in distribution network under interference environment, where there is one primary link, one secondary link, and one legitimate monitor listening to the secondary link. The secondary user needs to transmit its message to the secondary receiver under the interference power constrained by the primary node. We firstly define the outage probability of legitimate monitoring based on the data rate, and then analyze the system performance by theoretically deriving a closed-form expression of the outage probability for the OPGW communication under interference environment. Simulation results are finally demonstrated to verify the correctness of the closed-form expression for the OPGW communication under interference environment, and show that the interference has a negative impact on the OPGW communication performance.

Short research report : Coping strategies in Hungarian school-age children

This longitudinal study aimed to analyse what coping strategies 8- and 12-year-old children use in frustrating situations. The participants were Hungarian students and their teachers. In the first investigation, children were aged 8 (N=52), and then they were re-examined four years later (N=45). Two Likert-type questionnaires (teacher and student versions) were developed and administered in the study. The instruments proved to be highly reliable (Cronbach’s α: .84-.86). The questionnaires enabled the researchers to investigate the following behaviourally observable strategies: physical aggression, verbal aggression, resistance, venting/crying, avoidance, teacher-seeking, peer-seeking, following the norms and following teacher’s instructions. In most frustrating situations, the frequency of physical and verbal aggression and venting increased with age. Both the self and teacher reports indicated that as students grew older, they were less inclined to seek peer or teacher’s help. The correlation between the teacher and self-ratings is weak, particularly in the 12-year-old cohort (p < .05).

Physical and social enrichment influences the adaptability-related behaviors of black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii: An effect mediated by social behaviors, HPI axis and neurogenesis

Environmental enrichment is a promising method to increase fish ecological fitness in hatchery release and to improve fish welfare in the aquaculture industry. However, little is known about the effects of physical and social enrichment on fish behavioral development and the relevant regulatory mechanisms. To address this knowledge gap, a typical aquaculture fish, black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, was exposed to contrasting environments (i.e., physically enriched environment vs. barren environment, and socially low-density environment vs. high-density environment) for six weeks. Subsequently, the adaptability-related behaviors and social interactions during the captive period were determined, and stress-related physiological parameters and neurogenesis-related gene markers were measured. In general, the fish from an enriched environment expressed significantly higher sheltering propensity and anti-predator ability while less risk-taking frequency than the fish from a barren environment. And meanwhile, the fish from a low-density environment presented significantly less risk-taking behavior and more anti-predator responses than high-density fish. A structurally barren environment significantly increased fish aggressive frequency and locomotor activity compared with an enriched environment, whereas the social environment did not affect fish social interactions. For physiological status, the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and corticosteroid receptor system activities of barren fish were significantly higher than those of enriched fish, and meanwhile, the high-density fish also presented significantly higher physiological stress than low-density fish. For neurogenesis processes, an enriched environment did not affect fish brain cell proliferation but increased telencephalon neuronal differentiation ratio and immature neuron number. In contrast, a low-density environment significantly stimulated cell proliferating activity in telencephalon but did not affect brain neuronal differentiation activity. These novel results verified the conspicuous effects of physical and social environments on the adaptability-related behaviors in aquaculture fish, and finally, we proposed a novel regulatory pathway for fish behavioral plasticity, i.e., environmental stimuli - social interactions - HPI axis - corticosteroid receptor system - neurogenesis - adaptability-related behaviors. These results may lay the foundations for restoring fishery resources and for improving fish welfare, add novel knowledge to fish biology and environmental enrichment framework, and help deeply understand the mechanisms of environmental effects on marine animal behaviors.

Male intrasexual aggression and partial dominance of females over males in vervet monkeys

Females dominate a subset of the males in a minority of mammalian species despite male-biased sexual dimorphism. How this may arise is suggested by a computational model, DomWorld. The model represents male-biased sexual dimorphism through the males’ greater initial dominance and higher intensity of aggression, meaning that fights initiated by males have a greater impact than those by females. The model shows that female dominance over males increases with a greater proportion of males in the group. This happens because when males are involved in a larger fraction of fights this results in greater hierarchical differentiation (i.e., steepness). This causes rank overlap between the sexes (i.e., partial female dominance). We test the validity of these processes in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus pygerythrus), a primate species with partial female dominance. We confirm that the proportion of males in the group is significantly positively correlated with the degree of dominance by females over males and with the steepness of the hierarchy among males exclusively, but not with the steepness of the hierarchy among all adults of the group. The steepness in male hierarchies correlated positively with female dominance over males in these groups. We show that steeper hierarchies among vervet males resulted from male-to-male fights being a larger proportion of the fights among all adults of the group. We conclude that the higher frequency of male intrasexual aggression favors female dominance in vervet monkeys. We also show that females received coalitionary support when they were in conflict with a male, mainly from other females, and that this favors female dominance in this species, but this does not explain why partial female dominance increased with the proportion of males in the group. We advocate further investigation of the influence of male intrasexual aggression on the degree of female dominance over males in other species with partial female dominance.

14.3 Psychopharmacology Management: Mood Instability and Impulsive Aggression in Youth With ASD

Children and adolescents with ASD are frequently referred for treatment of maladaptive behaviors, including aggression, self-injury, mood dysregulation, and irritability. Concern about the potential for harm to themselves and others in addition to the failure of behavioral interventions creates a need for evidence-based pharmacotherapy. Participants will review: 1) evidence-based pharmacological interventions that reduce the frequency and intensity of acute agitation, self-injurious behaviors, irritability, and impulsive aggression in youth with ASD; 2) safety strategies for outpatient visits; and 3) treatment options for patients with ASD and co-occurring conditions such as ADHD and bipolar disorder, which may be challenging due to side effects.

QUALITATIVE SINGULARITY OF VERBAL AGGRESSION IN THE CONTEXT OF VARIOUS GENERAL PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATIONS OF EDUCATORS

Aim. To investigate the frequency and content structure of verbal aggression among educators with various professional deformities.Methodology. The study of verbal aggression was carried out using visual observation with verbal registration of speech material.Results. The empirical study revealed statistically significant differences in the frequency of occurrence and the content structure of verbal aggression in various professional deformations of educators.Research implications. The study contributes to the understanding of verbal aggression as a significant component of a number of professional deformations of a teacher. The results of the study determine the effective direction of preventive and correctional work in relation to professional deformities of teachers, taking into account the frequency and qualitative originality of verbal aggression manifestations.

Interrelationship among spatial cohesion, aggression rate, counter-aggression and female dominance in three lemur species

How social and ecological factors are associated with variation in dominance style across species of animals has been studied frequently, but the underlying processes are often not addressed. Theoretical research indicates that stronger spatial cohesion among individuals in a group causes a higher frequency of fighting and, thus, through the self-reinforcing effects of winning and losing fights, a stronger differentiation of the dominance hierarchy and dominance of females over more males. Our aim in the present paper is to study whether the same interrelationship among processes may underlie differences in dominance style among three species of lemur that differ in their degree of despotism: Lemur catta, Propithecus verreauxi and Eulemur rufifrons. We investigated their agonistic interactions and spatial cohesion based on 2752 h of observational data of 20 wild groups of these three species. We determined dominance style using the proportion of counter-aggression, with a lower proportion indicating a more despotic dominance style. We found that stronger spatial cohesion among individuals is associated with a higher rate of aggression, stronger despotism and dominance of females over more males. The results of our study emphasise the general importance of spatial cohesion in determining dominance style.Significance statementTheoretical studies have shown that the spatial configuration of individuals in a group influences the dominance style. In an agent-based model, DomWorld, individuals are guided by simple rules of grouping and fighting and emergent patterns of behaviour switch between resembling those of despotic or egalitarian primates depending on the degree of cohesion in groups. Yet this link has seldom been studied empirically. We, therefore, examine the relevance of spatial cohesion on patterns of behaviour of individuals in groups of three species of lemur. We confirm the predictions from the model and show that stronger spatial cohesion results in more frequent aggression, a more despotic dominance style and stronger female dominance over males. In light of this, we urge future research of animal dominance to include measures of cohesion.

Using the social information processing model to understand gender differences in the manifestation and frequency of aggression

Gender differences in physical aggression across early and middle childhood have been reliably established, with boys engaging in physical aggression more often than girls. The social information processing (SIP) model is an empirically-supported model initially developed to understand the etiology of physical aggression in boys. However, it remains unclear the extent to which this model also applies to girls who are more likely to engage in relational than physical aggression. The purpose of the current review is to examine the applicability of the SIP model to relational aggression in girls, using gender-schema and social-cognitive theories of gender development to inform our understanding of how gender socialization processes influence the development of SIP skills and displays of aggression. We argue that although a gender-linked version of the SIP model provides compelling theoretical predictions of when and why girls will engage in relationally aggressive behavior, empirical evidence in support of this model is mixed. After critically evaluating empirical literature in this area, we then briefly review evidence regarding the efficacy of SIP-focused interventions for physical and relational aggression and discuss their applicability to males and females. We conclude the paper by discussing limitations of extant research and highlighting future directions in this area.

Social relationships among captive female Himalayan tahr

AbstractWe studied social relationships in a captive group of female Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus). Female tahr showed frequent aggression and a strictly linear age‐graded dominance hierarchy. Coalitions, in contrast, were rare. Female tahr formed differentiated social relationships, as they interacted with different individuals at widely different rates. A principal component analysis revealed that social relationships were best described along three independent dimensions that we labelled as Affiliation, Agonism and Ambivalence. Both Affiliation and Agonism were directed preferentially down the hierarchy. Affiliation was also directed preferentially to kin, while Agonism showed the reverse pattern. Ambivalence was unrelated to both dominance and kinship. Overall, these results show that an ungulate species can form differentiated social relationships that vary in relation to dominance rank and kinship.

Имплицитная речевая агрессия в текстах современных британских СМИ

Speech aggression, which is actively used in modern media discourse, is becoming one of the tools for influencing the target audience in "information wars": the world-famous mass media use a form of implicit speech aggression to manipulate public opinion globally. Research methods include frame analysis, qualitative and quantitative content analysis, and discourse analysis with the subsequent revelation of implicit speech aggression. The research material was 150 articles on foreign and domestic policy issues, which were published in 2019–2020 in the periodicals "The Times", "The Guardian" and "The Observer". The article considers the frequency of speech aggression used in the texts of the British mass media as a means of implicit influence on the readership. According to the results of the study, there are trends in the use of implicatures that potentially express verbal aggression. These implicatures are shown to appear mainly in conflictogenic texts, which contain the materials with varying degree of hostility – from insult to verbal extremism. Such frames as "COVID-19 policy", "Post-Brexit relations with EU", "Sanctions against the political regime in Russia" are noted to prevail in the publications. The most frequent means of implicit verbal aggression realization in the leading British mass media are false accusation, sarcasm, metaphor, mockery, reproach, irony, and threat.

A growth mindset intervention to promote resilience against online peer victimization: A randomized controlled trial

Online peer victimized adolescents are at an increased risk of several behavioral and emotional problems. Most cyberbullying interventions have focused on reducing the frequency of online peer aggressions. Meanwhile, less attention has been given to building resilience in victims to reduce the impact of victimization on their mental health. This study tested the effects of an online growth mindset intervention aimed at building resilience in victims. Eight hundred and fifty-six adolescents (47.10% female) were randomly assigned to the resilience vs. educational control intervention. The adolescents completed measures of online peer victimization, behavioral and emotional problems (online peer aggressions, depression, social anxiety, eating problems, and non-suicidal self-injury), entity theory of personality beliefs, and attitudes toward defending the victims of online peer aggressions at pretest and at three and six months. The resilience intervention reduced the predictive association between online peer victimization and online peer aggression and social anxiety, and it increased the association between online peer victimization and attitude towards defending the victims. The resilience intervention also reduced the entity theory of personality beliefs in all adolescents. These results are promising given that the intervention lasted only approximately 40–45 min.

Sexual offenders : Epidemiological and Criminological Profile

IntroductionSexual assault is a major problem in Tunisian society. There is no definitive typology of the characteristics of those who sexually assault. A great diversity of sexual aggression behaviors and different motivations can be described.ObjectivesIt is about a retrospective survey, achieved from data of Medical Expertise of the sexual offenders achieved in psychiatric departement of hospital of mahdia. This study revealed 18 cases during the period from January 2010 to December 2020.MethodsThe objective of the work was to describe the epidemiological and criminological profile of the sexual assaults.ResultsMean age of the sample was 40 years [30-61]. Aggressors were almost exclusively males, have medium socioeconomic status and without a regular job. Fifty percent of the perpetrators had a psychiatric diagnosis: bipolar disorder (27.7%), schizophrenia (11.1%), antisocial personality disorder (5.5%) and intellectual disability (5.5%). Indecent assault (27.7%) was the most frequent aggression then the rape (22,2%). Thirty three per cent of the victims were minor.Among these expertised patients, 72% were considered responsible for their actions and only one was considered irresponsible.ConclusionsStudies on the characteristics of sexual offenders have concluded to the profile of the young, single and unemployed male, but it can’t be a commun profile.DisclosureNo significant relationships.