French-language Version Research Articles

Critical Synthesis Package: Structured Communication Adolescent Guide (SCAG)

OPEN ACCESSFebruary 13, 2014Critical Synthesis Package: Structured Communication Adolescent Guide (SCAG) Godwin Dogbey, PhD Godwin Dogbey, PhD Ohio University, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.9690 SectionsAbout ToolsDownload Citations ShareFacebookTwitterEmail AbstractThis Critical Synthesis Package contains: (1) a Critical Analysis of the basic descriptive and psychometric properties of the Structured Communication Adolescent Guide (SCAG), and (2) a copy of the SCAG with the scoring instructions and picture documentation of the use of instrument developed by Kim Blake, MD.The SCAG is a 30-item checklist designed to help medical students receive feedback about their interviewing skills with adolescents. The measure consists of four domains labeled: Getting Started, Gathering Information, Teen Alone-Including Lifestyles, and Wrap Up. The items are rated on a 3-point Likert-type scale (0 = Did Not, 2 = Did Well). The items are simple statements that the rater, an adolescent patient, uses to assess the provider. A brief explanation of the instructions on scoring is provided at the upper part of the guide. An additional column is provided for general comments from the rater regarding favorable (positive) and unfavorable (negative) things that stood out during the interview. The general rating is based on a 5-letter scale (A = Excellent, F = Fail). For scoring purposes, numerical values can be assigned to these alphabetic anchors. French, Spanish, and German language versions of the SCAG exist in the same format as the English language version. A picture guide that gives visual context to how the guide is used in practical face-to-face situations constitutes part of the complete repertoire of the supplemental materials. Studies reported that SCAG has been found to be both reliable and valid. Although the SCAG was translated into other languages, studies that used them in those languages were not readily available or accessible. The adaptation of the SCAG for use with other patient populations such as geriatric patients has been suggested, although it was specifically developed for use with adolescents. For medical education purposes, the SCAG can be used over the entire continuum of medical education spanning undergraduate, graduate, and practicing physicians undergoing continuing education, despite its initial development for undergraduate medical education.NOTE: The instrument to which this submission refers is also published within MedEdPORTAL and is available at: www.mededportal.org/publication/798 Educational Objectives To describe the purpose, and basic properties of the Structured Communication Adolescent Guide (SCAG), including number of items and scales, and psychometric properties;To describe the application of the SCAG in the health sciences education;To evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of the SCAG; andTo provide the SCAG and supplemental materials to aid in its administration. Sign up for the latest publications from MedEdPORTAL Add your email below FILES INCLUDEDReferencesRelatedDetails FILES INCLUDED Included in this publication: Critical Analysis of the SCAG.pdf SCAG Instrument-English.doc SCAG Sample Use Pictures.doc SCAG Instrument-Spanish.docx SCAG Instrument-French.docx To view all publication components, extract (i.e., unzip) them from the downloaded .zip file. Download editor’s noteThis publication may contain technology or a display format that is no longer in use. CitationDogbey G. Critical Synthesis Package: Structured Communication Adolescent Guide (SCAG). MedEdPORTAL. 2014;10:9690. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.9690 Related The Structured Communication Adolescent Guide (SCAG) Critical Synthesis Package: Structured Communication Adolescent Guide (SCAG) Copyright & Permissions© 2014 Dogbey. This is an open-access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike license.KeywordsPsychometric PropertiesAdolescent InterviewingStructured CommunicationDirectory and Repository of Educational Assessment MeasuresAdolescentCritical AnalysisMedical History TakingDREAMPsychometricsCommunication Disclosures None to report. Funding/Support None to report. Loading ...

Cassandra’s Curse: Louis Bouyer, the Liturgical Movement, and the Post-Conciliar Reform of the Mass

Antiphon 18.3 (2014) 254–300 Cassandra’s Curse: Louis Bouyer, the Liturgical Movement, and the PostConciliar Reform of the Mass1 John M. Pepino Why pay any attention to Fr. Louis Bouyer, of the French Oratory? After all, he is no longer much read in liturgical circles; at most his Liturgical Piety and Eucharist are used among them as reference books, mainly for their biting comments on Dom Guéranger and pre-conciliar liturgical habits. Certainly his influence in his own country, after a high point in the 1950s, utterly waned a few years after Vatican II and he became so ostracized in the French Church that, when the French-language version of the journal Communio approached him to join their editorial board, he demurred, fearing that the association with his name might harm the enterprise in the sight of the bishops. In fact, after his death in 2004, his close friend and collaborator Jean Duchesne wrote a brief article (he has since written a book to present Bouyer’s life and thought and published the French version of Bouyer’s Memoirs)2 entitled “Who is Still Afraid of Louis Bouyer?”3 1 For a shorter paper on Bouyer and the liturgy (and the basis for this article), see “Louis Bouyer and the Pauline Reform: Great Expectations Dashed” (paper presented at the annual meeting of the Church Music Association of America, St Paul, MN, October 14, 2013), forthcoming in Sacred Music 141.4 (Winter 2014). A version of the present article was delivered as a lecture during Easter week 2014 at the Église Saint-Irénee in Montréal, at Saint Paul University in Ottawa, and at the Église Saint-Zéphirin-deStadacona in Québec, as well as during the Sacra Liturgia Summer School at the Monastère Saint-Benoît in La Garde Freinet, 18 July 2014. For an approach to Louis Bouyer and the liturgy with a different focus, see Alcuin Reid, “The Reformed Liturgy: A ‘Cadaver Decomposed’? Louis Bouyer and Liturgical Ressourcement,” in Antiphon 16 (2012) 37–51.. 2 Jean Duchesne, Louis Bouyer (Perpignan: Artège, 2011) and Louis Bouyer, Mémoires, ed. Jean Duchesne (Paris: Cerf, 2014). 3 Jean Duchesne, “Qui a encore peur de Louis Bouyer?” in Communio 30 (2005) 73–85. 255 CASSANDRA’S CURSE: LOUIS BOUYER We shall see that Fr. Bouyer had been an important voice in the preconciliar liturgical movement in France; the Second Vatican Council’s Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, reflects if not some of his views, certainly views that he had made his own and which he held most dear. Lastly, he was a member of the committee in charge of elaborating the Missal that Paul VI was to promulgate in 1969, the Consilium (the “little consilium” as he called it, as opposed to the “Big Concilium”, i.e. Vatican II), headed by the Vincentian Father Annibale Bugnini: Bouyer and Bernard Botte put together what is now the Eucharistic Prayer II. In other words, when it comes to the history of the liturgy in the twentieth century, and even the point that the liturgy has reached in the West in the early twenty-first century, Bouyer counts. Add to this that Bouyer was a man of the highest standards of intellectual and personal integrity. He saw things clearly and expressed himself bluntly; he seems to have been utterly void of what is known as human respect; he was allergic to fads and ill-thought-out enthusiasms.4 This cost him: he missed a lifetime award for his production in theology because of his clairvoyant but under-read Decomposition of Catholicism, a lament of how the Church was faring in 1968 (he would go into the causes of the collapse of Catholicism in his Religieux et clercs contre Dieu of 1975); he also turned down the cardinal’s hat because it meant having to go and see Paul VI (who invited him to spend a few weeks at Castel Gandolfo), and he knew that if he went, he would have to tell the pope how disastrous for the Church in France his episcopal nominations had been—not to mention the revolt on the part of 4...

Validity, reliability and responsiveness of the French language translation of the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI)

BackgroundThe WOSI (Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index) is a self-administered quality of life questionnaire designed to be used as a primary outcome measure in clinical trials on shoulder instability, as well as to measure the effect of an intervention on any particular patient. It is validated and is reliable and sensitive. As it is designed to measure subjective outcome, it is important that translation should be methodologically rigorous, as it is subject to both linguistic and cultural interpretation. ObjectiveTo produce a French language version of the WOSI that is culturally adapted to both European and North American French-speaking populations. Materials and methodsA validated protocol was used to create a French language WOSI questionnaire (WOSI-Fr) that would be culturally acceptable for both European and North American French-speaking populations. Reliability and responsiveness analyses were carried out, and the WOSI-Fr was compared to the F-QuickDASH-D/S (Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand–French translation), and Walch-Duplay scores. ResultsA French language version of the WOSI (WOSI-Fr) was accepted by a multinational committee. The WOSI-Fr was then validated using a total of 144 native French-speaking subjects from Canada and Switzerland. Comparison of results on two WOSI-Fr questionnaires completed at a mean interval of 16 days showed that the WOSI-Fr had strong reliability, with a Pearson and interclass correlation of r=0.85 (P=0.01) and ICC=0.84 [95% CI=0.78–0.88]. Responsiveness, at a mean 378.9 days after surgical intervention, showed strong correlation with that of the F-QuickDASH-D/S, with r=0.67 (P<0.01). Moreover, a standardized response means analysis to calculate effect size for both the WOSI-Fr and the F-QuickDASH-D/S showed that the WOSI-Fr had a significantly greater ability to detect change (SRM 1.55 versus 0.87 for the WOSI-Fr and F-QuickDASH-D/S respectively, P<0.01). The WOSI-Fr showed fair correlation with the Walch-Duplay. DiscussionA French-language translation of the WOSI questionnaire was created and validated for use in both Canadian and Swiss French-speaking populations. This questionnaire will facilitate outcome assessment in French-speaking settings, collaboration in multinational studies and comparison between studies performed in different countries. Type of StudyMulticenter cohort study. Level of evidenceII.

Quality of life tools in head and neck oncology

Quality of life (QoL) is now as much an assessment criterion in clinical trials in head and neck oncology as are survival and response rate. It is therefore important to be able to choose an adapted tool from the wide range of QoL instruments available. The present study presents an inventory of QoL scales validated in their French-language version, to facilitate the selection of appropriate tools showing good psychometric properties. QoL scales cited in all 492 French and English language articles published between March 1st, 2006 and April 3rd, 2012, referenced on Medline and retrieved using the keywords "quality of life" AND "head and neck" AND "cancer", were inventoried and classified thematically in a search of the literature. Ninety QoL scales are presented by theme (ORL oncology, voice, swallowing and mastication, mucosities and xerostomia, etc.), specifying psychometric quality and citation level. The present report constitutes a guide to selecting QoL tools adapted to head and neck oncology studies.

Internal consistency, factor structure and construct validity of the French version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture

ObjectiveTo assess the psychometric properties of the French-language version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC).MethodsData were obtained from a staff survey at a Swiss multisite hospital. We...

The validation of a french-language version of the aging perceptions questionnaire (APQ) and its extension to a population aged 55 and over

The validation of a french-language version of the aging perceptions questionnaire (APQ) and its extension to a population aged 55 and over

The validation of a French-language version of the Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ) and its extension to a population aged 55 and over

BackgroundSeveral studies have shown the influence of the perceptions of aging on the cognitive functioning and the mental and physical health of older people. These relationships have not to date been studied in France where validated instruments are lacking. The primary objective of this study was to validate a French-language version of the Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ) in the French general population aged 65 and over. The secondary objective was to study the stability of the dimensions of this instrument among participants aged 55 to 64.MethodsThe study was proposed to the cohort of the Observatoire Régional du Vieillissement (OPREVI) (observatory of aging), located in a small town in Poitou-Charentes (western France). An anonymous questionnaire including the APQ was sent by mail to inhabitants aged 55 and over. The original English language APQ was described with adults aged 65 and older. It has 32 items distributed on 7 dimensions: timeline chronic and cyclical, positive and negative consequences, positive and negative control and emotional representations.Results656 adults participated in this survey (286 men, 370 women). Among those aged 65 and over (n = 394), the seven-factor structure estimated by confirmatory factor analysis was coherent with original findings. Internal consistency as evaluated by Cronbach alpha, was between 0.83 for consequences negative and 0.52 for control negative. Several dimensions were strongly correlated. Among participants aged 55 to 64 (n = 262), the same factorial model yielded an acceptable fit. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis concluded to approximate factorial invariance between the two age groups with a null delta in comparative fit index.ConclusionThis study among French people aged 65 and over, added further evidence of the multidimensional structure of the French version of the APQ which is superimposed to the dimensions of the original Irish version. The same factorial structure applies acceptably to the younger group (aged 55–64). The OPREVI study is ongoing, and will collect data on the physical, material and social characteristics of participants. It will therefore be possible to analyse the variables associated with the perceptions of aging. On the basis of an individual's perceptions of aging as captured by this questionnaire, and his or her clinical profile, tailored multi-dimensional assistance could be made available aiming to provide incentives to anticipate or to adapt to difficulties.

French-language version of the World Health Organization quality of life spirituality, religiousness and personal beliefs instrument

BackgroundA valid assessment of spirituality and religiousness is necessary for clinical and research purposes. We developed and assessed the validity of a French-language version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs Instrument (WHOQOL-SRPB).MethodsThe SRPB was translated into French according to the methods recommended by the WHOQOL group. An Internet survey was conducted in 561 people in 2010, with follow-up 2 weeks later (n = 231, 41%), to assess reliability, factor structure, social desirability bias and construct validity of this scale. Tests were performed based on item-response theory.ResultsA modal score of 1 (all answers=”not at all”) was observed for Faith (in 34% of participants), Connectedness (27%), and Spiritual Strength (14%). All scales had test-retest reliability coefficients ≥0.7. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were high for all subscales (0.74 to 0.98) and very high (>0.9) for three subscales (Connectedness, Spiritual Strength and Faith). Scores of Faith, Connectedness, Spiritual Strength and Meaning of Life were higher for respondents with religious practice than for those who had no religious practice. No association was found between SRPB and age or sex. The Awe subscale had a low information function for all levels of the Awe latent trait and may benefit from inclusion of an additional item.ConclusionsThe French language version of the SRPB retained many properties of the original version. However, the SRPB could be improved by trimming redundant items. The strength of SRPB relies on its multinational development and validation, allowing for cross-cultural comparisons.

Validation of the ‘How I Think Questionnaire’ in a Population of French‐speaking Adolescents with Externalizing Behaviors

'How I Think Questionnaire' (HIT) is used to measure self-serving cognitive distortions among delinquents. Previously validated on Americans, this instrument was translated, adapted and validated for French-speaking teens. To assess convergent and discriminant validity, 336 adolescents with externalizing behaviors in Québec (Canada) completed the HIT, the Self-Reported Delinquency Scale (SRD), and the Auto-aggression Questionnaire. There were 165 boys and 171 girls with M(age) = 16.4 years (SD = 0.5) who received services under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (n = 145) or the Youth Protection Act (n = 191). HIT and SRD total scores were correlated (0.51, p < 0.01). On the HIT, past suicidal attempting delinquents were not significantly different than non-suicide attempting delinquents; also delinquents living in closed detention facilities had more self-serving cognitive distortions than delinquents living in open facilities or under probation in the community. This French-language version of the HIT is a reliable and valid measure.

Validity and acceptability of a French-language version of the Brief Edinburgh Depression Scale

IntroductionDepression is a frequent symptom among cancer patients but is rarely identified. The Brief Edinburgh Depression Scale (BEDS) is widely used within the United Kingdom to screen for depression among patients with advanced cancer, but its use elsewhere is limited by the lack of appropriate translations. We translated the BEDS into French and then validated the translated version with and assessed its acceptability by cancer patients in France.MethodsWe used back-to-back translation and standard European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer procedures to translate the BEDS into French. The French version was validated against Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) semi-structured psychiatric interviews with 48 patients with advanced cancer who were admitted to a palliative care unit. Acceptability was determined with these inpatients and with 95 outpatients at a Comprehensive Cancer Center.ResultsAmong inpatients, the prevalence of major depressive disorder according to the psychiatric interview was 56.3% and the optimum cut-off of the BEDS score was >6, which yielded a sensitivity of 82.8% and a specificity of 68.4%. Among outpatients, the prevalence of probable depression (BEDS score >6) was 28%. All inpatients (100%) and all but six outpatients (95%) completed the BEDS survey.ConclusionThe French-language BEDS is a valid and sensitive tool for screening in the case of depression and it is applicable to cancer patients.

Validation de la version française du questionnaire des caractéristiques situationnelles dans la mesure de l’inconfort spatio-moteur

Space and motion discomfort (SMD) refers to various symptoms that occur in environments with unreliable visual and kinesthetic information that do not permit adequate spatial orientation. Some studies have demonstrated that there is a stable and predictable relationship between vestibular dysfunction and anxiety disorders. Further, vestibular dysfunction can predispose or trigger the development of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (PD/A) or reinforce phobic avoidance. It therefore seems clinically useful to develop and validate instruments for evaluating SMD in various populations. Measuring SMD could facilitate identification of individuals with PD/A who present comorbid vestibular dysfunction. Jacob et al. developed and validated such a questionnaire: the Situational characteristics questionnaire (SitQ). This questionnaire evaluates the presence of symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, and instability under specific conditions. The SitQ comprises two subscales that measure SMD and one subscale (agoraphobia) that measures agoraphobic avoidance behaviours. The instrument has two sections. The first section is composed of the SMD-I and agoraphobia subscales, containing 19 and seven items, respectively. Each item consists of two contrasting descriptors of a specific situation or environment. The respondent is required to indicate to what extent the two described situations or environments cause discomfort. Each item includes a "criterion" descriptor for the situation (i.e., a descriptor that is presumed to engender SMD) and an alternative (non-criterion) descriptor. The second section comprises the SMD-II scale; this scale is composed of nine criterion situations, for which non-criterion situations are not supplied. The instrument takes approximately 20 minutes to complete.The present study focuses on the validation of the French-language version of the SitQ: the questionnaire des caractéristiques situationnelles (QCS).The sample was composed of French Canadians recruited across Quebec from an anxiety disorders treatment clinic, general psychiatric care clinics, a community organization for individuals with anxiety disorders, advertisements in local newspapers, and ads posted in various public locations. The sample included 141 participants who met the criteria for lifetime PD/A. Participants reported current PD/A (n=73) or PD/A in remission (n=68). The control sample was recruited from undergraduate courses in various disciplines. Two hundred and thirty-five (n=235) students completed the questionnaires. Data from 63 (26.8%) participants were excluded from the analyses due to failure to complete all of the research questionnaires.Analysis of the global descriptive data and the descriptive data for each dependent variable revealed that the data were independent of sociodemographic variables and respected the assumptions of normal distribution (skewness and kurtosis). Parametric tests were subsequently conducted. Using the combined data from the control and clinical groups, the internal consistency of the scales was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. The SMD-I and SMD-II scales demonstrated good homogeneity. The results were comparable or superior to those obtained with the English-language version of the questionnaire. The agoraphobia scale demonstrated weaker internal consistency and corresponding weaker homogeneity. This result was consistent with that of the original version of the agoraphobia scale; this scale was eliminated for the subsequent analyses. Construct validity was analyzed via t-tests comparing clinical and control groups. Effect sizes were estimated using percentage of variance explained. The SMD-I scale demonstrated weak construct validity and was also eliminated from subsequent analyses. The SMD-II scale demonstrated good construct validity and provided an adequate measure of the theoretical construct of SMD. This scale permitted discrimination of participants according to the presence or absence of PD/A. It is therefore possible to identify participants with PD/A by their level of SMD. This result is comparable to that of Jacob et al.The results of the present study are generally consistent with the results of the validation of the original version of the questionnaire. However, the SMD-I and agoraphobia scales in the French-language version of the measure did not achieve a level of significance sufficient to definitively establish validity.

Validation française du questionnaire de dépendance de l’exercice physique (Exercise Dependence Questionnaire)

Introduction The Exercise Dependence Questionnaire (EDQ) conceptualises exercise dependence (ED) within both traditional biomedical and psychosocial perspectives. This tool is a valid and reliable multidimensional measure of ED. Objective The aim of the present study was to examine the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and factorial validity of the EDQ, in a French language version. In comparison to other existing scales like the EDS (Exercise Dependance Scale), the EDQ emphases not only the symptoms of addiction but also the motivations to exercise. Method The French language version of the EDQ was completed by 160 participants (60% male, students and practitioners leisures of sports activities). Participants completed the EDS and measures of exercise behavior. Results Adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the scale were obtained. Confirmatory analysis (SPSS 16) supported a correlated eight-factor model, as suggested by Ogden, Veale and Summers (1997). The model fit indices were satisfying, RMSEA = 0.048; CFI = 0.90; IFI = 0.91; Chi 2/dll = 1.38. This study provides evidence for the reliability and validity of the French language version of the EDQ. The convergent validity of this scale with the Exercise Dependence Scale was r = 0.52. These two scales appear more complementary than redundant. The EDS focuses more on the strict definition of the dependence whereas the EDQ adds a motivational perspective often link to eating disorders. Conclusion The EDQ can be thus used in the clinical and studies framework on the exercise dependence.

Valuing EQ-5D using Time Trade-Off in France

While a French language version of the EQ-5D exists, to date, there has been no French value set to accompany it. The objective of our study was then to derive the French TTO value set of the EQ-5D. A total of 452 respondents aged over 18 were recruited who were representative of the French population with regard to age, gender, and socio-professional group. The direct valuation of 24 health states was first obtained by Time Trade-Off (TTO), and the negative TTO values were bounded using the monotonic transformation. Several alternative model specifications were investigated to estimate the values for all 243 states in the EQ-5D descriptive system. Only the best fitting model is presented in this paper. The analysis was conducted at an individual level to make the maximum use of the available data, and we estimated mixed models with random intercept. Models were compared through the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the Pearson correlation coefficient between the observed and the predicted values of each model. After exclusion, 443 respondents took part in the study. The best fitting model included the same variables as the N3-model used in UK. This study provides the French value set of the EQ-5D based on the stated preferences of the French general public facilitating cost-effectiveness analysis.

Validation francophone de la grille d’évaluation de la douleur-déficience intellectuelle – version postopératoire

The aim of the study was to test the validity of a French language version of the Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist - Postoperative Version (NCCPC-PV): grille d'évaluation de la douleur-déficience intellectuelle (GED-DI). We assessed the intensity of pain in 87 intellectually disabled surgical patients recruited in four Canadian and French hospitals in the pre- and post-operative settings using the GED-DI, a 100-mm visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and the Rosen sedation scale. The validity of the GED-DI was measured by the difference in scores between pre- and postoperative conditions. The checklist was made up of 30 items divided into seven subgroups. Items were rated from 0 to 3 for a total score ranging from 0 to 90 points. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 17 (11) yr and the mean mental age 24.5 (24) months. The total GED-DI score was 6.1 (4.9) pre- and 13.4 (11.2) post-surgery (P<0.001). All subgroups had a higher score after surgery (P<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, comparing the absence of pain to mild pain scores and moderate to severe pain scores, showed a cutoff at 6 (mild pain) and 11 (moderate to severe pain). The French version of the NCCPC-PV can be used to assess pain in non-communicating patients with intellectual disabilities in a postoperative setting. It has good content validity, as the total pre-surgery score for the GED-DI was significantly lower than the postoperative score, and showed a good concurrent validity when compared to the VAS.

The Reliability and Validity of the French Version of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire- Brief

Cocaine has become a noticeable part of the European drug scene and is the second most commonly used illicit drug among the general population. Craving is a core issue in cocaine dependence and is strongly associated with lapse and/or relapse. However, no craving scale exists in French. The objective of our study was to assess the reliability and validity of a French language version of the 10-item Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-Brief). A total of 131 individuals ranging in age from 18 to 65 years were enrolled in a 12-month outpatient treatment program in 2009. The participants were seeking treatment for cocaine dependence. They completed the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the French version of the CCQ-Brief. At the end of the interview, a Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS) was completed by a clinician blind to the subject's treatment group. We evaluated the internal consistency of the French CCQ-Brief using Cronbach's α coefficient and the correlation of each item with the total scale using the Pearson's coefficient. We conducted an exploratory factorial analysis followed by a scree test. Only items with factor loading >0.3 were retained. The convergent validity of the French CCQ-Brief was assessed using Pearson's correlation between the CCQ-Brief and the CGIS. The mean (SD) score of the 10-item CCQ-Brief was 3.4 (1.5). Cronbach's α coefficient 0.88 and remained high even when an item was deleted (ranging from 0.86 to 0.88), indicating that this tool possesses a high internal consistency. Each item exhibited a strong correlation with the total score ranging from 0.62 to 0.83. All items presented factor loadings ranged from 0.47 to 0.83. The correlation between the CCQ-Brief and the CGIS was high (r=0.49, p<0.0001), indicating a sufficient convergent validity. The French version of the CCQ-Brief is a reliable and valid instrument that can provide a comprehensive assessment of cocaine craving in treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent patients.

Happy Ever After? The German Adventures of Gaumont-British in 1932

On 4 May 1932, ten days before the publication of the Film Pictorial interview with Renate Muller (the popular German star of Gainsborough’s Sunshine Susie), details of Europe’s newest treaty to promote international film production emerged in British newspapers and the film trade press. ‘ANGLO-GERMAN SUPER FILMS PLAN’, shouted the Daily Mirror; ‘Teams of British Stars to Leave for Berlin Studios. UFA-GAUMONT PICTURES NOW.’1 The excitement and capital letters were prompted by the previous day’s announcement by the Gaumont-British Picture Corporation, Britain’s biggest film combine, that it was joining forces in production with UFA (Universum Film Aktiengesellschaft), Germany’s biggest film combine. Their aim was to make, at UFA’s Neubabelsberg studios outside Berlin, simultaneous English-language versions of German productions from the slate of Erich Pommer, the much-favoured producer of UFA’s period musical Der Kongress tanzt, released in German, English and French versions at the end of 1931. Frenchlanguage versions, undertaken with UFA’s subsidiary ACE (Alliance Cinematographique Europeenne), had been a regular element in UFA’s sound output since late 1929; English versions, produced by UFA, proved more erratic. In May 1931, UFA had announced

Quality of life in dementia: Psychometric properties of a French language version of the Dementia Quality of Life questionnaire (DQoL)

Aim The aim of this study was to discuss about the Dementia Quality of Life (DQoL) psychometric properties and the contributions stemming from the French language version. Methods To assess the psychometric properties of the French language DQoL transcultural validation, 155 patients with mild to moderate dementia (Mini Mental State Examination score ≥ 10) were recruited in seven French-speaking hospitals. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed by the time required to complete the questionnaire, the rate of refusal to participate, and the rates of abandon or non-response. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed respectively by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. The discriminant validity was tested by evaluating the influence of severity of cognitive decline, dependence, existence of depression or behavioural troubles, as well as caregiver burden. Results Of the 155 eligible patients, 46 patients (29.7%) failed the screening procedure but completed the questionnaire nonetheless. The remaining 109 patients had an average age of 81 ± 6 years, average Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 20.8 ± 4.4. No patient refused to participate or abandoned. The French DQoL showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.70 to 0.87) and good reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC]: 0.96–1.00). Cognitive status, humour and behavioural troubles had an impact on Quality of Life (QoL), whereas dependence and caregiver burden did not. Psychometric properties did not differ for the group who passed the screening test ( n = 109) and for the whole population ( n = 155). Conclusion The French-language version of DQoL showed comparable psychometric properties to the original version. According to our findings, all patients with mild to moderate dementia can undergo evaluation with the French adaptation of the DQoL. We suggest transforming the screening procedure into a training step.

Dental hygienists’ research utilization: influence of context and attitudes

Research use is a core component of evidence-based practice (EBP), contributing to improved patient outcomes; however, we know little about factors influencing research use among dental hygienists. The purpose of this study is to examine whether individual's attitudes and organizational context influence dental hygienists' research use. A cross-sectional survey design was used to study research use among a geographically stratified probability sample of 1100 Canadian dental hygienists. A translated French-language version was provided for Francophone dental hygienists. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS. Mean responses were highest for conceptual research use (RU) (4.1), followed by overall RU (3.7), direct RU (3.3), and persuasive RU (3.3), on a five-point Likert scale. Internal consistency reliability for attitude and context scales was high (Cronbach's alpha 0.86 and 0.83, respectively). Repeated measures t-tests found significant differences between willingness to implement research and frequency of actually implementing research (P < 0.001 for paired comparisons), and ratings of importance of supportive practice characteristics were significantly higher than their actual presence (P < 0.001 for paired comparisons). A multiple linear regression model found the variables attitude, context, and years of practice explained 19.0% of the variation in responses. Significant differences between willingness to implement research and actual implementation, and between perceived importance of supportive practice characteristics and their presence, require exploration of these differences. These findings support the importance of the practice context and individual attitudes for research uptake by dental hygienists. Knowledge translation theories can inform further research and contribute greater explanatory power to this preliminary model.

Becoming a Franco-American: Jean Renoir, the Second World War, and A Salute to France

ABSTRACTCommissioned by the American Office of War Information in both English- and French-language versions, A Salute to France/Salut à la France (1944) are traditionally considered minor works of tangential importance to Renoir's career. Yet a close reading of the films' form and ideological content in relation to the director's wartime correspondence suggests that they deserve to be remembered for their clever blend of acted sequences with newsreel clips, as a turning point in the cross-cultural identity crisis that Renoir worked through while in Hollywood, and as a quintessential expression of his politically engaged, international humanism.

How much do family physicians involve pregnant women in decisions about prenatal screening for Down syndrome?

To assess the extent to which family physicians (FPs) involve women in decisions about prenatal screening for Down syndrome. Based on transcripts of consultations between 41 FPs and 128 women, two raters independently assessed clinician's efforts to involve women in decisions about prenatal screening for Down syndrome using the French-language version of OPTION. Descriptive statistics of OPTION scores were calculated. Construct validity was assessed by performing a principal factor analysis and by measuring association with consultation duration and FPs sociodemograhics. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha and inter-rater reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient. The overall mean OPTION score was low: 19 +/- 7 (range = 0 [no involvement] to 100 [high involvement]). One factor accounted for 80% of the variance. Both internal consistency and inter-rater reliability were very good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.73; ICC = 0.76). OPTION scores were lower for residents than for licensed FPs (17 +/- 5 vs 21 +/- 4; p = 0.02) and were positively associated with duration of consultation (r = 0.56; p < 0.001). Based on the French-language version of OPTION, which showed satisfactory psychometric properties, FPs studied put minimal efforts to involve women in decisions about prenatal screening for Down syndrome.