The existence of Christian trade unionism in North America has always been precarious. Although firmly established in Europe, confessional unions have been nonexistent in the United States and limited within Canada to the province of Quebec. In that province, a small Christian trade union confederation, the Canadian and Catholic Confederation of Labor (CCCL), has existed since 1921. It has been the leading working-class institution in the Quebec union of Catholicism and French-Canadian nationalism. Today there are indications that this relationship, at least in its traditional manifestations, no longer dominates the Quebec social outlook. And the CCCL is among the leaders in the reorientation of the social outlook of Quebec. On the religious level, the CCCL is in the process of reducing, perhaps abandoning entirely, its ties with the Catholic Church. On the secular level, the CCCL has become one of the principal critics of the present Quebec government, and has advocated economic and social reforms as radical as any in North America today. (Author's abstract courtesy EBSCO.)