Freelance Translator Research Articles

Feasts of Raw Meat

Russell Harris is a free-lance translator currently living in Amsterdam. He also works under the auspices of the Lafayette Project and it was while cataloguing a group of photographs of Ras Makonnen for the Victoria and Albert Museum that he happened upon the early reports of Abyssinian culinary habits which had horrified readers in the past. He decided to investigate these, and here exposes some misconceptions which in his view flawed the reports and exaggerated the barbaric aspects of the practices.

You Scratch my Back, and I'll Scratch Yours: Feedback and Recommendation on Freelance Translators Recruitment

Professional translation is now mostly conducted in virtual teams, or production networks, where freelance translators and language service providers (LSPs) communicate via increasingly computerized means. This study examined how feedback are left on profiles and specifically to find extent to which these feedbacks have been manipulated by having a prior agreement with each other (the translation agency and freelancer translator). This study was a multiple-case study since it covered Upwork and Proz.com, and an ethnographic was employed since a cultural context was used for the identification of the websites. Proz.com and Upwork were chosen to investigate and collect the data as both are the most effective websites for freelancers among all other workplace websites. Unstructured observation and semi-structured interviews were carried out for the data collection. The results showed that the vast majority of the feedback on profiles have been biased. In most cases, a settlement between the translation agency and freelancers was made before leaving the feedback. In other words, the feedback should not be depended on when a freelance translator needs to work for a company and vice versa.

Contributors

Other| May 01 2023 Contributors positions (2023) 31 (2): 523–527. https://doi.org/10.1215/10679847-10300347 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Contributors. positions 1 May 2023; 31 (2): 523–527. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/10679847-10300347 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll Journalspositions Search Advanced Search Max Bohnenkamp is an independent scholar of modern Chinese literature and culture and a freelance translator specializing in Chinese scholarly writings in the humanities and social sciences. He holds a PhD in Chinese literature from the University of Chicago and has research interests in conceptions of popular and mass cultures in China, the adaptation of Chinese folklore for modern and contemporary literature and performing arts, the reception of Western and Soviet literary and dramatic aesthetics in China, and the relationship of creative expression to politics and critical social theory. He is currently completing a book-length study of the cultural, literary, and political origins of the famous Chinese revolutionary musical drama The White-Haired Girl. His most recent translated work is a collection of essays by Chinese scholars of religion, entitled Beyond Indigenization: Christianity and Chinese History in a Global Context (2023).Mun Young Cho is a professor in the Department... You do not currently have access to this content.

How to Create a New Workers’ Culture Together: An Interview with Wang Dezhi

Research Article| May 01 2023 How to Create a New Workers’ Culture Together: An Interview with Wang Dezhi Wang Dezhi ; Wang Dezhi Wang Dezhi is one of the founders of Migrant Workers Home in Picun, Beijing. After leaving his hometown in Inner Mongolia in 1995, Wang took up many different jobs, and in 2002 he cofounded the New Workers Art Troupe, creating and performing in cross-talk shows. He has studied labor law and has provided legal aid and organized workshops for migrant workers. In 2012 he launched the “Migrant Workers New Year Gala,” a New Year celebration program created and performed entirely by migrant workers. Wang also set up the “New Workers Documentary Group” and has directed several documentaries and short films. Currently he is managing the secondhand nonprofit stores of the Migrant Workers Home, through which he hopes to continue to support the activities of the organization. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Chun Chun Ting; Chun Chun Ting Editor Chun Chun Ting is assistant professor at the School of Humanities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. She teaches Chinese literature and cinema; activism and art; and youth and urban cultures. Ting is currently working on a manuscript on spatial politics and social movements in postcolonial Hong Kong. She also writes on Hong Kong literature and culture; Sinophone documentaries and films; and migrant workers’ literary production in contemporary China. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Max Bohnenkamp Max Bohnenkamp translated from Mandarin by Max Bohnenkamp is an independent scholar of modern Chinese literature and culture and a freelance translator specializing in Chinese scholarly writings in the humanities and social sciences. He holds a PhD in Chinese literature from the University of Chicago and has research interests in conceptions of popular and mass cultures in China, the adaptation of Chinese folklore for modern and contemporary literature and performing arts, the reception of Western and Soviet literary and dramatic aesthetics in China, and the relationship of creative expression to politics and critical social theory. He is currently completing a book-length study of the cultural, literary, and political origins of the famous Chinese revolutionary musical drama The White-Haired Girl. His most recent translated work is a collection of essays by Chinese scholars of religion, entitled Beyond Indigenization: Christianity and Chinese History in a Global Context (2023). Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google positions (2023) 31 (2): 507–521. https://doi.org/10.1215/10679847-10300334 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Dezhi Wang, Chun Chun Ting, Max Bohnenkamp; How to Create a New Workers’ Culture Together: An Interview with Wang Dezhi. positions 1 May 2023; 31 (2): 507–521. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/10679847-10300334 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll Journalspositions Search Advanced Search You do not currently have access to this content.

Competence Development Strategies after COVID-19: Using PBL in Translation Courses

The 2019 pandemic had a direct impact on all educational stakeholders. While many teachers and trainers regarded the changes with some scepticism, others embraced the opportunity to integrate technology into their teaching-and-learning methods and resources. As translation trainers, it is essential to follow and understand the translation market. Translators require vast competencies, amongst which is the flexibility to adapt. In translation training, project-based learning (PBL) has been established as an essential teaching-and-learning method, as it has proven to foster the development of essential competencies, since it simulates the translator’s work environment. Thus, the need to implement new strategies within a short timeframe reinforced the practice of PBL. PBL reflects the work of a freelance translator, because it places the student at the centre of the learning process. In these situations, student self-regulation becomes essential, as it is necessary to analyse the market/situation/project received and be flexible enough to adapt to the specific context. As of 2018–2019, ISCAP implemented PBL as the main teaching-and-learning method in its Technical Translation courses. At the same time, on these courses, an ongoing qualitative quasi-experimental study on student self-regulated learning (SRL) began. The purpose is to understand student perception of their self-regulation competence and its development, or lack thereof, after using PBL to complete translation assignments. The study presented in this article aims to examine the possible effects an online-PBL approach may have on a student’s SRL during the pandemic. Students enrolled in the translation courses voluntarily answered a survey on SRL two times: at the beginning and then at the end of the course. The purpose was to analyse and compare each student’s responses before and after using PBL strategies, identifying changes in student perception over a six-month period. Additionally, we compare each group’s results over a period of three years, which includes the lockdown. Statistical analysis showed that a higher level of self confidence in autonomous learning was achieved, but a lower level of belief in the importance and usefulness of the course contents was noted. Additionally, the study revealed that, with the exception of time-management, student SRL increased. Results indicate that PBL is a useful simulation of the translation labour market and that it does enhance essential competencies, amongst which is student SRL.

Contributors

Contributors

Untitled Poem

[Untitled Poem] Ekaterina Simonova (bio) Translated by Robin Munby (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution PHOTO BY NATHAN BANG ON UNSPLASH I brought mum and dad an old quilt –It’s nice, only it came out of the wash with funny splodges on it.They can stick it on the sofa bed out at the allotment.“We’ll finally throw that old mattress out,” dad said happily.It was late when I got to Tagil, already dark.I found a shop and bought a watermelon, plums, grapes.Mum wanted fruit. Then I waited an age for the bus, freezing:Quilt in my left hand, fruit in my right.They were expecting me: they’d baked pies, stewed chicken.They were made up with the watermelon. Everyone was early to bed, stuffed.It was October after all – so much darkness makes you sleepy. In the morning I ate more pies, chicken,Tried watching TV, like when I was a kid.Then mum and dad started packing that kid a food bag:Half a bucket of potatoes, beetroot, carrots, jam – all home-grown.And off I went. As I stepped outside,Dad waved from the balcony, mum from the kitchen window.It was a Sunday: a crystal calmRang out, like grandma’s vase, where mum keeps her buttons now.Behind our house the forest – conifers, ski tracks, mushrooms – held its peace.“Make sure you call us when you’re home!” shouted dad,Once I’d crossed the threshold. “Will do,” I shouted back. We never say I love you.It’s a cringey, tacky thing to say. And what’s the point?We weren’t brought up that way.Here are my words: a quilt, carried 140 kilometers,When I’d just as well have thrown it out, a watermelon, bought in darkness,When I barely even had the energy to drag the stupid quilt around.Here are theirs: half a bucket of potatoes, three jars of jam.I didn’t take the fourth. Said no to the bag of onions as well.They got me to take the garlic though. Garlic doesn’t weigh much, after all. Translation from the Russian [End Page 29] Ekaterina Simonova Ekaterina Simonova is a Russian poet and literary critic from Nizhny Tagil in the Ural region. Her latest collection is Два ее единственных платья (Her only two dresses, 2020), and several of her poems appeared in the English-language anthology Ф Letter: New Russian Feminist Poetry, published in 2020. She lives in Yekaterinburg. Robin Munby Robin Munby is a freelance translator from Liverpool, based in Madrid. His translations have appeared in the Glasgow Review of Books, Wasafiri, Subtropics, and the Cambridge Literary Review, and he has written for Reading in Translation and Asymptote. He is currently learning Asturian. Footnotes Editorial note: From the collection Два ее единственных платья (Новое литературное обозрение, 2020). Copyright © 2022 World Literature Today and the Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma

Notes on Contributors

Notes on Contributors

ABOUT THE AUTHOR ANTONINA TYMCHENKO. POETRY. GLUED TO A STRAW BULL. I WAKE UP WITH YOU. GOD, SAVE AND PROTECT MY PARENTS. TIRED BY TRAVELLING, WALKING. SPEARS ARE BROKEN, AND SO ARE WHEEL SPOKES. I SPRING TO MY FEET AND IN HASTE TO THE WINDOW

Antonina Tymchenko is a poetess, a literary critic, a candidate of Philology, an assistant professor, a member of the National Union of Writers of Ukraine, laureate and organizer of literary contests. The poetess managed a literary and journalistic class at the Central Children’s and Youth Theater №6, was a freelance proofreader, editor, translator, and author at «Ранок», «Фактор», «Клуб сімейного дозвілля», «Основа», «Vivat» and other publishing houses.

The Immanence and the Transcendence of the Emerging Subject in Marx’s Philosophy of History

The Author’s aim in this paper is to expose the hidden distortions in Marx’s understanding of the subject of history, such that occur under the influence of the patriarchal ideology. In order to do so, the author will first offer what she believes is the most satisfying explanation of the subject in Marxism, namely, the idea of subject as an emerging immanence. The Author will further claim that Marx’s attempt to overcome Hegelian teleological image of the world and to replace its transcendental subject with an immanent one, remains essentially flawed. The cause of this shortcoming the author will find in the contradiction inherent to Marx’s idea of subject. In the conclusion, the author will name feminism as the key theory for overcoming this contradiction. Author(s): Branislava Petrov Title (English): The Immanence and the Transcendence of the Emerging Subject in Marx’s Philosophy of History Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 17, No. 2-3 (Winter 2020) Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje Page Range: 94-98 Page Count: 5 Citation (English): Branislava Petrov, “The Immanence and the Transcendence of the Emerging Subject in Marx’s Philosophy of History,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 17, No. 2-3 (Winter 2020): 94-98. Author Biography Branislava Petrov, Philosopher and Feminist Author Branislava Petrov is a philosopher and a feminist author based in Novi Sad, Serbia. She presented her work at various conferences all over Europe, some of them being: Workshop “Helene Druskowitz and Friedrich Nietzsche, 2018,” organised by Institute of Philosophy, Zagreb, Croatia; Historical Materialism Conference Athens 2019, Athens, Greece; Feminist Futures Festival 2019, Germany, Essen; Internatiolal Scientific Conference of Medical University of Kharkov, Ukraine, 2019 and 2020., etc. Her work under the title: “Ideology and Social Structures Behind the Problem of Domestic Violence” has been published in 2019 edition of the last mentioned conference. Her work under the title: “The Difference Between Marxist Radical Feminist and Liberal Feminist Approach to the Problem of Transgender Ideology” has been published in 2020 edition of the same. She organizes online reading groups focusing on the works of Second Wave feminism. She is critical of modern day liberal, as well as so called radical feminism. She is currently working on a piece titled “Feminism and Identities,” which will be presented at the online conference “Women Philosophers in South-Eastern Europe—Past, Present and Future,” organized by Institute of Philosophy, Zagreb, Croatia. She works as a freelance writer and translator. She speaks English and Greek languages.

The healthy and fit translator: a reality or a necessity?

ABSTRACT Recent research studies in translation devote increasing attention to the pivotal role that ergonomics plays in translators’ workplaces. However, there are no previous research studies that focus on how effective translators’ lifestyles are and provide results on how necessary it is to improve them. The aim of this paper is to show results from a pilot qualitative research study conducted in Spain with a focus group composed of a representative from four different professional profiles from the translation industry: a part-time employee at a translation company, a full-time employee at a translation company, a freelance translator, and an intern at a translation company. The focus group followed a non-structured interview and the list of topics ranged from changes in sleeping and eating patterns and regularity of physical activity depending on the volume of work translators had, to health problems related to these variations in their daily routines. Participants’ qualitative answers have shed light on the topic and have allowed us to develop a questionnaire that will be distributed internationally to compare data from different countries in a future study of a wider scope.

An Embroidery Needle Made from a Water-Deer Fang

An Embroidery Needle Made from a Water-Deer Fang Mushasijia Eni (bio) Translated by Alexandra Draggeim (bio) That embroidery needle made fromA water-deer fang—Is it still fastened to the foldedScarf in your hair?Even with my dreams keeping watch,Even in my soul's distress. The sky has darkened, Mother,The golden-feathered roosterIs hanging on the lintel upside-down.There on the thresholdThat deer-fang needleGuides the white-silver thread,Waiting for my soulTo return to your embrace. The sun has risen, Mother,Open the carved wooden bowl.The end of the water-deer needleIs already pointing to your warm breath.And at this moment, light shows itselfThroughout the stone-slab house.Ah, that egg used to call back a wandering soul.You eat the yolk, and I'll just eat the white. The embroidery needle made from a water-deer fang—Is it still in the felt pocket on your breast?Can you still neatly embroider my soulWhen you face the hills so lonely for so long? [End Page 82] Mushasijia Eni Mushasijia Eni (Li Hui) 俄尼·牧莎斯加 (李慧) is a member of the Yi ethnic group and is from Jiulong, Sichuan province. He has been a member of the China Writers' Association since 2005, and his works include The Soul Has a Date, The Tribe and the Lover, and Highland Potatoes, as well as the script for the television series Zhige'a'er. Alexandra Draggeim Alexandra Draggeim has studied in China, Paris, and elsewhere. She graduated from Ohio State University and is now a freelance writer and translator. Her working languages are English, Russian, Chinese, and French. Copyright © 2019 University of Hawaiʿi Press

THE TRANSLATION SHIFT AND ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF MUSEUM MACAN’S CAPTION

Museum MACAN is the first museum that exhibit modern art. Museum MACAN has Indonesia-English caption in their Instagram account in order to promote their collection. This study investigates translation shift occurs in Museum MACAN’s Instagram caption and the accuracy of their translation. The translation shift is used to produces accurate translation. This study uses Catford’s theory about translation shift (1964) and the accuracy based on ATA Rubric Assessment. The data were twenty five Museum MACAN’s Instagram captions. The collected data were analysed, in order to fine the translation shift and accuracy of their caption. There are three evaluators to rate the accuracy of the captions. The first evaluator is the writer of this study; the second evaluator is a student of management from Universitas Negeri Jakarta who works as freelance translator more than two years, the third evaluator is a professional translator who has been in translation field for twenty five years. The result of the translation shift analysis is there are five shifts occur in Museum MACAN’s Instagram captions. The most used shift is structure shift. It shows that the use of shift helps writer or translator adjusts word into appropriate sentence from source text to target text.

Chinese-English Literary Translation as an Economic Network: A Freelance Translator’s Experience- Based Perspective

This article examines Chinese-English literary translation as a field of professional endeavor within the last decade, drawing on the author’s first-hand knowledge as a freelance translator and on secondary sources surrounding the processes of translation and publication. Positing Chinese-English literary translation as the product of a global socioeconomic network, the essay examines, in succession, the questions “Who translates?” “Who funds?” “Who publishes” and “Who and what is being translated?” The findings are that the field is presently experiencing growth, accompanied by a shift from the West towards Asia in terms of funding, publication and geographic location of translators.

Chinese Translation: A Vehicle of Cultural Influence

Translation played a central role in the life of Eileen Chang (Zhang Ailing, 1920-95). One of the most iconic figures in twentieth-century Chinese literature, Chang also wrote extensively in English throughout her career, which began in the early 1940s in Japanese-occupied Shanghai. She achieved fame quickly but fell into obscurity after the war ended in 1945. Chang stayed in Shanghai through the 1949 Communist revolution and in 1952 moved to Hong Kong, where she worked as a freelance translator and writer for the United States Information Service and wrote two anti-Communist novels in English and Chinese,The Rice-Sprout Song(1955) andNaked Earth(1956).

A Context-based Approach to Proverb Translation: The Case of Arabic into English Translation

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsEkrema ShehabEkrema Shehab is assistant professor of translation studies at the Department of English, An-Najah National University, Palestine, where he has taught translation courses at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels since 1999. He obtained his BA in English language and literature and MA in translation from Yarmouk University, Jordan, and received his PhD in translation from the Department of English, College of Languages, University of Sudan. Dr. Shehab has published a number of articles on Arabic/English translation problems. He has worked as an accredited freelance translator for a number of international companies and has been a member of the panel of judges in New York for ARC Awards honoring outstanding achievements in Annual Reports since 2011. His research interests include literary translation, the teaching of translation, pragmatics, discourse analysis, and Islamic and cultural studies.Abdelkarim DaragmehAbdelkarim Daragmeh has published articles on postcolonial and minority literature, translation between Arabic and English, and blended-language teaching environments. Dr. Daragmeh’s research interests are in African, Arab, and American contemporary literatures, translation studies, and faculty professional development programs. He has a PhD in contemporary literature and literary theory from Southern Illinois University and works currently as an associate professor of English at the Department of English Language and Literature, An-Najah National University, Palestine.

Mirjam Pressler: Germany ⋆ Author

Mirjam PresslerGermany ⋆ Author Amy Bright Mirjam Pressler was born in Darmstadt, Germany in 1940. Pressler is of Jewish descent, and was raised by foster parents who were old enough to be her grandparents; this and her experiences in an orphanage influenced her childhood. She attended the Frankfurt Academy and Fine Arts in Munich before living in a kibbutz in Israel. She worked a series of various jobs to support her family before experiencing the success of her first published novel, Bitterschokolade [Bitter Chocolate], written at the age of forty. Pressler's books for children and adolescents have been translated into numerous languages, such as Italian, Chinese, Japanese, French, English, and Spanish, making them available to readers internationally. Her books tell a wide range of stories that are important to young people, and span both historical and contemporary contexts. For example, Pressler's first published work, Bitterschokolade, describes Eva, an overweight teenager navigating the difficult experiences that come with constructing a stable sense of identity. Ein Buch für Hanna [A Book for Hanna] is set during the summer of 1939, while Golem, stiller Bruder [Golem, Silent Brother] is set in 1600. Still, Pressler's fiction is only one facet of her writing life. Her translations of books from Hebrew, Dutch, Flemish, Afrikaans, and English give books new life as they become available to international audiences. Pressler translated a revised edition of Anne Frank's diary, which led to her writing Ich sehne mich so…Die Lebensgeschichte der Anne Frank, a biography of Anne Frank. Her focus on the Holocaust and Jewish childhoods continued when she edited a collection of letters circulated among members of the Frank family and friends, making the lives of these individuals accessible to readers. An ambassador of children's literature, Pressler's work as a translator brings international attention to books for young people. Pressler is the recipient of numerous awards including the Friedrich-Bödecker Prize (1998), the German Book Award (2004), the Bavarian Order of Merit (2006), the German Children's Literature Special Award (2010), and the Buber Rosenzweig Medal (2013). Her books are anti-authoritarian and place emphasis on children and young people overcoming the problems central to their lives. Many already hold a classic status, and as such, will continue to be read by children over the world well into the future. Pressler has three daughters and continues to work as a freelance writer and translator just outside of Munich. Selected Publications • Ein Buch für Hanna [A Book for Hanna]. Weinheim: Beltz & Gelberg, 2011. Print. Google Scholar • Golem stiller Bruder [Golem, Silent Brother]. Weinheim: Beltz & Gelberg, 2007. Print. Google Scholar • Ich sehne mich so...Die Lebensgeschichte der Anne Frank [I Long So...The Life History of Anne Frank]. Weinheim: Beltz & Gelberg, 1992. Print. Google Scholar • Malka Mai. Weinheim: Beltz & Gelberg, 2001. Print. Google Scholar • Novemberkatzen [November Cats]. Weinheim: Beltz & Gelberg, 1982. Print. [End Page 24] Google Scholar Copyright © 2014 Bookbird, Inc.

Some Major Steps to Translation and Translator

This work is an overview of the main issues at the core of theorizing translation practice and the features of a good translator or how to be a good translator and of course what are the Skills to become a Freelance Translator and Translation process. In this world of science and technology there is knowledge explosion every day. This knowledge which is generally written in the English language needs to be transmitted in various languages so that people who do not know how to speak and write the original language can get the knowledge necessary for industrial development and technological innovation to keep up with the rest of the world. To transmit this knowledge effectively, there is a need for competent translators in various languages.

Fu Leis translation activity and legacy

The 1950s and 1960s witnessed the survival of the one and only freelance translator in mainland China, whose name was Fu Lei. Fu’s selection of source texts was affected by the ideological factors of the day. His financial conditions were intimately related to the change of the country’s policy on royalties, but his translation quality almost remained at the same level. His repeated revisions of some works indicate that good translations, in many cases, come out of serious revisions and retranslations of the same work. His translation experience has several implications. First, translators with high literary and artistic accomplishment and taste may not produce a canonical translation in their first rendering of a work. Responsibility, devotion, honesty, love and hard work are also the basic prerequisites for the advent of an excellent translation. Second, the achievements of a forgotten translator will sooner or later be recognized. Third, translators’ influence on people through their translation and people’s commemoration of them in various forms are the natural reward for their hard work and contributions to translation as a holy cause. Finally, the translation ideas and theories coming from great translators are more convincing, thought-prevoking and constructive to the development of translation studies. Key words: Fu Lei, translation, activity, legacy

Developing Qualitative Research Analyses

All MS Word window, function and command names are in italic. An analysis is a process that contains stages (or phases). Each stage contains one or more procedures that contain steps. Use these terms consistently to avoid confusion and enable replication of your study. To quickly structure an analysis, use process and procedure tables, which you can later convert into paragraphs after you've entered information in each table cell. The tables help ensure that you do not (i) report findings in the analysis and (ii) overlook vital information-because if a cell is empty, then information is probably missing. Note: Some authors find table lines helpful during information development, while others find them distracting. So insert whatever makes the tables usable for you. Open p_templates, select Save As…, and give the file a new name (e.g., DP_anlys). Note: Table-generating macros are an alternative to saving templates in .dot or .doc formats, but instructions for creating and using them are beyond this article's scope. Describe data analysis in the process table in the new file, for example: Creating and using procedure templates Describe the procedure, for example: Study and correct the overall process description and each procedure after you describe each stage in detail to (i) ensure that you've documented everything and (ii) generate ideas for developing transition sentences. Note: Never write two consecutive headings without text in between-a convention that some non-native English speakers use. A heading indicates what the information below it is about. So either delete one heading or write a transition between the two headings, for example: DESIGN AND METHODS This study is part of a mega … This section describes this study's objectives, participants and setting … Objectives Text … Participants and setting Text … When your analysis is in paragraphs, then edit and complement the information. The process table could be reformatted like this: Analysis occurred in these stages and yielded these results: (i) Watching and listening to videos of patients' morning wake-up routines, which gave us the big picture-an overview of patients' capabilities; (ii) transcribing the videos, which documented patients' capabilities in files and on paper; (iii) searching for frequently occurring words and phrases, which led to lists of words and phrases ready for categorization; and (iv) categorizing capabilities, which resulted in identification of frequently occurring categories of capabilities. Or like this: The methods described in this article (i) save development/writing time; (ii) reduce revision time (e.g., when dealing with reviewer/referee comments); (iii) cut translating and editing costs; (iv) facilitate development of clear, concise, consistent information; (v) enable replication of your study; and (vi) increase your chances of acceptance. Judy Petersen, Ph.D. is a freelance writer, editor, indexer, translator, trainer, and project manager. She owns and operates American Writing & Editing AB in Sweden (http://www.americanwitingandediting.se/). Contact Judy at judy.petersen@mailbox.swipnet.se