Free Will Research Articles

The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom

According to the logical problem of evil, the co-existence of evil and the theistic God who is considered to be omniscient, omnipotent, and omnibenevolent is impossible. The fact that our world contains evils invalidates the existence of the theistic God. A libertarian theistic response to this problem, the free will defense, holds that if God actually has or could have a sufficient reason to actualize a world containing evils, the problem fails. This good reason, according to the defense, might be significant freedom, the freedom to choose between moral good and evil. Yujin Nagasawa, Graham Oppy, and Nick Trakakis, however, approach this debate from a different angle and argue that the traditional theistic view of heaven is a problem for this theistic response when we ask whether there is freedom in heaven. They contend that if the inhabitants of heaven do not have significant freedom, free will cannot be a great good that gives God a good reason to create a world containing evils. Thus, the free will defense fails. In this paper, I claim that this is mistaken. I argue that even though the inhabitants of heaven are not free in the most robust sense (i.e. they are no longer capable of sinning), this does not show that significant freedom is not a great good that justifies God’s creating a world containing evils.

Etika Bisnis Islam Dalam Jual Beli Di Marketplace

This research discusses marketing that occurs in the existing Shopee Marketplace in connection with the current implementation of Islamic business ethics, Shopee sellers must maintain integrity and honesty. The phenomenon that occurs is honesty, where the seller displays an accurate and honest product description. using primary and secondary data methods. Informants in this research include sellers at the Shopee Marketplace in the city of Sampang and outside the city of Sampang. Using an approach with qualitative research methods. To check and test data validity techniques, use the Triangulation method. Data analysis in this research was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions as the final goal. The research results show that in Islamic Business Ethics in marketing on the Shopee Marketplace it is important to prevent practices of manipulation, intimidation or immoral behavior towards buyers which include: Unity, Balance, Free Will, Responsibility Responsibility), and Truth. The conclusion in this research is that the implementation of Islamic Business Ethics in marketing activities at the Shopee Marketplace has not been fully implemented in its entirety. The importance of applying Islamic Marketing Ethics by interacting with sellers in the marketing process to provide a deeper understanding.

Augustine and Martin Luther on Free Will

This paper focuses on the comparison between Augustine’s and Luther’s understanding of the bondage of the will. As a philosopher of will, Augustine establishes the independence of the will in his earlier work. In his debate with Julian of Eclanum that comes from his later period, Augustine emphasizes grace and original sin. The salvation and freedom of humans rely on the Holy Spirit. In the debate with Erasmus, Luther introduced the conception of the necessity of will. However, both thinkers have different understandings of faith. Augustine has an intellectual understanding of faith, while Luther is a fideist.

Free Will - Mentalizing: Some Reasons to Consider Them a Single Phenomenon. The "Indeterminist" Point of View

The following essay aims to provide some arguments in favor of equality of the phenomena of mentalizing and free will; in order to be able to highlight the overlap, therefore, the equality of the phenomena concerned, it is desirable, methodologically, that the three characteristics of mentalizing (the cognitive effort of the self to “understand” the other; the processing time of the message and the presence of the You) be displayed as intrinsic properties to the free will in order to conclude that the field of intersoggetivity is an extension of the investigation of the latter and not a phenomenon in its own right. It will be argued, in fact, that “reading of the mind” is the answer to the accusation made against indeterminists about the physical localisation of causality sui generis. The latter, unduly exploiting the characteristics of mentalizing, would find in the “mind/brain” of the agent its manifestation, masking, however, the fact that the ontological nature of the same mentalizing is that of free will.

Forced, Fooled or Free Will

Abstract This paper explores the narratives and counter-narratives of indenture experience in Fiji in the works of Totaram Sanadhya, John Wear Burton, Kenneth Gillion, Brij Lal and Satish Rai. The recruitment of Indian indentured labourers in Fiji began in 1879, much later than in other colonies. Yet the experiences of the labourers in Fiji were not markedly different. The indenture system, or girmit, was considered better than the slave trade, while others regarded it as only a change in name, with regulations to safeguard the colonial interest. The above authors have shown that, from the onset, the recruitment process, the passage from India to Fiji, life on the plantations and the coolie lines, and life after indenture were a duality: either emancipation or victimisation of Indian labourers. This paper highlights the dual nature of the indenture experience in Fiji.

Historical and Philosophical Analysis of Free Will as the Genesis of Understanding Law

The article considers the views of prominent scientists on the legal nature of free will. The article proves that historically, the primary purpose of the law was to regulate social relations and free will. The Author studied the evolution of views on free will in direction through Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Reformation and modern understanding.

An Examination of the Issue of Free Will in Sadra’s Mystical Theories

An Examination of the Issue of Free Will in Sadra’s Mystical Theories

Over gelukkige winnaars en ongelukkige verliezers

The present review brings into focus the content of the book’s subtitle: A New Philosophy of Free Will. The author’s stand in this age-old, much discussed and difficult philosophical problem amounts to the idea of a highly but not wholly determined pattern of a person’s actions. Actions never originate out of the blue but are influenced by many circumstances, such as the person’s inherent character, his education and external factors like good or bad luck. These factors are all beyond the persons control and we should allways be aware of that. It should change our attitude to man’s doings as well as jurisdiction on the whole.

Naming and Free Will

Abstract Rigidity does interesting philosophical work, with important consequences felt throughout metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, and so on. The authors’ aim in this article is to show that rigidity has yet another role to play, with surprising consequences for the problem of free will and determinism, for the phenomenon of rigidity has the upshot that some metaphysically necessary truths are up to us. The significance of this claim is shown in the context of influential arguments against free will. The authors show that some virtually indisputable inference rules employed in formulations of the Consequence Argument, as well as in fatalistic arguments, fail with a variety of counter-examples. Along the way, the authors compare the present arguments to other, similar arguments made in recent years.

Anomalous Mind-Matter Influence, Free Will, and the Nature of Causality

This paper proposes a framework that supports both free will and anomalous mind-matter interaction (psychokinesis). I begin by considering the argument by the physicist Sean Carroll that the laws of physics as we understand them rule out psychokinesis (and other modes of psi), and find his claims problematic, in part due to misunderstandings of arguments borrowed from David Hume. I proceed to consider a more dispositional notion of causality (in contrast to one characterized by universal and necessary laws) which is more hospitable to both psychokinesis and free will. I then incorporate recent work from the philosophy of mind and science to arrive at a framework that supports real volition and psychokinesis, which are intimately linked. This approach is fundamentally dispositional but grounded in an ontologically prior field of awareness and potentiality. I also consider that the regularities (or causal natures) we observe in our physical world are ultimately supported by teleological “intentions” within a nonlocal, mind-like quantum ground.

Juno and the Pearl

Friedrich Hölderlin’s Hyperion oder der Eremit in Griechenland (1797–1799) plays with the Bildungsroman as a literary form. As a story of the coming-of-age of the novel itself, it is a Künstlerroman as well. When the narrator fails in his worldly aspirations, he chooses the life of a hermit. His book becomes his cloister. This essay will study Hölderlin's novel as a response to Friedrich Schiller's philosophy of freedom in and through art. In his letters Über die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen (1795), Schiller posits a two-fold relationship between art and freedom. Art is freedom in the ideal and allows for freedom in history. In other words, moral freedom requires aesthetic freedom as a pledge to its possibility. But in Hyperion, aesthetic freedom appears as freedom itself, absolutely and without any ‘and’. History may have yet to separate itself out from life, but art does so, making a prophet of Hölderlin's Hyperion.

Free Will in the World as a Computer Simulation

The article discusses the original many-worlds version based on the model of the world as a computer simulation, namely the space of a video game. Based on the interpretation of Benjamin Libet's experiment an assumption is made about how a person can function in a virtual game reality being and perceived as basic. This case shows that the question of the freedom of a person`s actions acquires a new meaning. In particular, in this situation, the acting person is proved to be actually deprived of the opportunity to act since decisions are made for him by someone else, for whom, in turn, decisions could be also someone else`s. The implementation of the described in the article scenario is theoretically possible — on obligatory condition of the successful creation of artificial intelligence and the availability of technical capacities which are necessary for the functioning of complex virtual systems. Obviously, at the moment neither one nor the other has been developed. But this is a highly topical issue and in modern scientific This work uses modeling and intellectual experiment methods: a simplified simulation model of a popular open-world video game is taken to demonstrate the main idea. Its example shows how the observable world can be realized — one of the possible versions of the multiverse.

Daniel C. Dennett and Gregg D. Caruso, Just Deserts: Debating Free Will

Daniel C. Dennett and Gregg D. Caruso, Just Deserts: Debating Free Will

Critical Appraisal of Abolhasan Ameri's Views on Predestination and Free Will

Critical Appraisal of Abolhasan Ameri's Views on Predestination and Free Will

Pandemic as Polemic: Free Will in an Age of Restrictions?

Inserting the discourse within an existentialist framework, this paper examines our existence of interrupted realities through the lens of Kierkegaardian thoughts and also draws on Simone de Beauvoir’s “Qu’est-ce que l’existentialisme?” (1947). As we navigate a surrealist time of COVID-19 (ab)normal, the lingering pandemic has left an impact on a both societal and psychosocial level. With societies across the globe facing continuous restrictions, what happens to free will? De Beauvoir defines our raison d’être as the individual having reality “only through his engagement in the world”. In this period of limited individual freedom, can we still talk of free will and how shall we engage with this all-pervasive, rule-changing pandemic ‘New Normal’?

Climbing the Invisible Ladder: Attenuating Belief in Free Will Reduces Subjective Perceptions of Social Mobility

Can belief in free will alter our perceptions of social mobility? Five studies manipulated free will beliefs and assessed subjective individual social mobility (Study 1), subjective social status across time (Study 2), objective social class 10 years (Study 3) and 20 years (Study 4) into the future, and counterbalanced subjective and objective social mobility measures (Study 5). Challenging free will beliefs reduced subjective perceptions of upward mobility in Study 1 and led to lower perceptions of subjective social status in the distant, but not in near future in Study 2. Studies 3 and 4 found that threatening free will beliefs did not influence perceptions of future objective social class. Study 5 revealed that weakening free will beliefs affected subjective and objective social mobility, with the latter under specific boundary conditions. The differential effects of belief in free will on perceived social mobility are discussed.

Free will determines the limits of psychological foresight: Review of “Free Will” by Sam Harris

AbstractThe existence of free will and its prerequisites have entertained countless debates. The position one takes in these debates dictates their outlook on limitations of predicting human psychology. Sam Harris (2012), in his book, misses out on exploring these consequences accepting or rejecting free will has for the predictability of human decision‐making and action‐taking. Likewise, referencers of his work addressed this topic only peripherally and, to the best of my knowledge, have never explored its consequences in depth. Therefore, in the present review, I aim to demonstrate and formalize the following: If we understand human cognition and behavior as the result of environmental and individual causes that both are knowable, adding a per definition indeterminable source, namely, free will, can only reduce the maximum possible power of any used prediction model. Accepting a free human will renders error‐free foresight theoretically, and empirically, impossible. This has consequences for all forecasting and planning methods that concern human agents as well as their tools’ utility (e.g., scenarios and psychological analysis). I address the consequences free will belief has conceptually for three application fields: management and leadership, historic analysis, and theory building.

Free Will, Religious Conflict, and the Social Contract

Free Will, Religious Conflict, and the Social Contract

External and Internal Factors that Denies Free Will

External and Internal Factors that Denies Free Will

The Conflict of Free Will and Moral Responsibility

The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether the motivations of human moral behaviors are still driven by free will under the influence of society. The paper will discuss how free will affects morality through ideas about morality and free will gained from psychologists and philosophers. In addition to some arguments concerning the existence of free will, this article will look at the conflicts between moral responsibilities and free will. Individuals must abide by its moral laws, which occasionally go against free will, in order to exist. The essay will also contrast several instances of morality and free will in order to determine the various degrees to which free will influences one's obligation to uphold moral principles under the domesticate of society. Influence depends on a person's actual free will and the stages they take toward moral development. This paper reviews and analyzes the original research and discusses the findings and future aims.