Freedom Of Access Research Articles

Intelligent Support System for Personalized Online Learning

The current conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic have required universities to transfer educational processes in the online environment. eLearning systems provide educational institutions and students with the opportunity to effectively organize the educational process and share knowledge. They provide each student with freedom of access to information and flexibility of the learning process. The student can individually determine the duration and sequence of courses by changing the trajectory of the educational process following their needs. In the context of the pandemic, students and teachers have to optimize their work over the Internet. This requires more extended personalization of the learning process. Intelligent technologies allow you to construct personalized learning paths for each student, varying methods, forms, and speed of learning. This study presents the architecture of the e-learning support system for the selection of online resources and for including them in the student's learning path. The system developed as a set of personal agents and services that interact based on a set of interconnected ontological models. Ontologies provide a more adequate representation of online resources and compatibility of the user request format with descriptions of training resources from different developers. The system recommends training modules based on current requests and user characteristics that match their profile. The system dynamically updates the knowledge base user characteristics, thereby increasing the effectiveness of recommendations.

DEMOCRATIC VALUES AND DIGITAL SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS OF POLAND AND UKRAINE

The subject of the paper is evaluating and comparing the activity of using digital technologies for the realisation of democratic values by students of Polish and Ukrainian higher educational establishments: rights to freedom of access to information; tolerant communication with other people; awareness of the values of solidarity, equality.The study was carried out at Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin (Poland), The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce (Poland), Radom Academy of Economics (Poland), Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine), Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University (Ukraine). Based on the survey results, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of digital technologies used in the development of democratic ideals and social activity of youth are carried.The results obtained are typologically common for students of both Polish and Ukrainian higher educational establishments.The paper provides recommendations for teachers of higher educational establishments on the use of digital technologies to support the development of students’ democratic values in formal and non-formal learning and draws attention to the problem of forming digital critical competence of students.

Censorship: What we’re trying to say…Drafting the IFLA Statement on Censorship

On 25 August 2019, the Executive Committee of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) endorsed and published a new IFLA Statement on Censorship. The statement had been drafted by the IFLA Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression (FAIFE) Advisory Committee over the course of the previous year. The present article describes the process of creating the statement, highlighting several questions that the committee had to consider along the way. For example, in choosing a definition of censorship, the committee decided to create one that was conceptually limited and linguistically neutral (in the sense of not simply borrowing the existing definition of a national association). As well, the committee needed to explain why censorship was problematic, essentially proposing that it offends against the library principle of equity of access to information. The committee also had to consider how to account for the apparent acceptability in most societies of some forms of censorship, in spite of the generally problematic nature of censorship, and proposed that, as suggested by the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 29, some limitations on liberties may be permissible for the general welfare of society – though not to the extent that the general concept of FAIFE is significantly compromised.

Open Knowledge Pada Gerakan Free Culture Sebagai Preservasi Budaya di Media Siber

This research aims to reveal and analyze the movement of free culture on the website Aural Archipelago as audio library which preserve the culture through archiving. The emergence of free culture in the provision of data and information through archiving provides an opportunity for the public to be able to access unlimited various information legally. The collection in Aural Archipelago is a digital audio library that focuses on traditional music. Its completeness and freedom of access is better than the Indonesian government departments assigned to related issues. The research method uses qualitative with Cyber Media analysis approach, exploring how free culture becomes a movement in a new media preserving culture through archiving. The theory applied is the combination theory of Cyber Media by Rulli Nasrullah with the Virtual Ethnography by Christine Hine who thoroughly examines the world of reality with the world of cyber. Aural Archipelago provides information data generated through ethnographic processes. The expedition and its documentation are archived through the digital library model and has granted permission for the user to redistribute the archives to others. The result of open knowledge including new works to be the subject of research, academic needs, innovation, inspiration and collaboration. Keywords: Free Culture, Open Knowledge, Cultural Preservation, Digital Library

Latin-American contributions to the creation of the Antarctic regime

ABSTRACT The 60th Anniversary of the signature of the Antarctic Treaty offers an opportunity to revisit interpretations about the process that led to its creation. Argentina and Chile have sometimes been underrated as significant contributors to the design of the Antarctic regime. This could be attributed to the predominance of rationalist theories in International Relations, which disregard the role of minor powers and non-material factors. Nonetheless, the history of Antarctica shows that both countries were pivotal to the creation of this regime. Argentina and Chile were calling for an international agreement for several years, their participation on the tripartite declaration favoured a limited demilitarisation, and Chile’s standstill proposal of 1948 provided a basis for the fundamental article IV. Both countries developed an articulated agenda to neutralise the political effects of the International Geophysical Year and were very active during the Antarctic Treaty negotiations. While they failed in establishing limitations to the freedom of access, they were successful in avoiding any sort of internationalisation and ensuring the freezing of rights and claims thereby helping to guarantee that international collaboration in scientific research could be sustainable in the longer term. Moreover, their participation in the negotiations imposed two key elements of the Antarctic regime’s environmental character: the banning of nuclear explosions and radioactive waste disposal and the introduction of environmental protection as one of the measures to be agreed. As the only Latin-American countries in the Antarctic Treaty negotiations, they were able to establish a common front and form case-specific alliances that reflected a shared perspective for the southern hemisphere. This example suggests that international institutions are not a mere epiphenomenon of the distribution of power in the international system, and rather minor powers can have an endurable effect.

The Influence of Special Legal Regulations on the Degree of Protection and Use of Archival Material of Personal and Secret Provenience - the Bosnian-Herzegovinian experience

The author deals with the influence of some special regulations such as the Law on Freedom of Access to Information, the Law on Personal Information and the Law on Classified Information on the Protection and Use of Information. These are regulations that conflict with provisions of archival legislation, which in turn creates a problem and raises new issues. The general characteristic of these regulations relate to the treatment of only the operational function of archival information in terms of its protection and use. The other function relates to information of provenance which relates to the cultural and historical significance of the same and is not adequately treated in the said regulations. All this has a major impact on the reduction of historical and cultural memory, and is detrimental to science and society as a whole.

Twitter Social Media Sentiment Analysis in Tourist Destinations Using Algorithms Naive Bayes Classifier

The current tourism destination in Indonesia has developed rapidly which is affected by the role of technology that has a major influence on freedom of access in seeking information. A tweet also has the possibility of containing information or condition about the tourist destinations that they will or have visited, such as the experience of visitors in the tour, the visitor’s opinion on a tourist spot, and other tourist attractions. The Naive Bayes method employs training data in order to create the probability of each criterion for different classes; nevertheless, the probability values of the criteria can be elevated to produce sentiment analysis towards opinions on twitter. The research has been done by classifying an opinion in the form of comments into two classes, which is positive and negative with the level of accuracy that is influenced by the training process. Based on that, it can be concluded clearly that the public sentiment information to the tourist attractions included in the positive sentiment.

Analisa Penerapan Private Cloud Computing Berbasis Proxmox Virtual Environment Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Praktikum Manajemen Jaringan

STMIK Bumigora Mataram strives to develop a curriculum that adopts the needs of the industrial world. In the past 2 years, Network Management lecturers have experienced problems related to practicum implementation. During this time the learning process uses virtualization installed on each laboratory computer. However, the system has various weaknesses, especially related to the freedom of access and availability. The implementation of Private Cloud Computing based on Proxmox Virtual Environment (PVE) which in the cluster can be a solution to the problems faced. PVE cluster which is made using four servers and integrated with one storage server can be used as a learning media for network management practicum and support high availability so that live migration can be done. Users can manage Virtual Private Servers using Linux Container (LXC) independently with a login and limited access permission account and the configuration can be done through the console and SSH. All practicum materials were successfully tested on LXC. An FTP-based local repository built on a storage server can minimize the bandwidth usage of an Internet connection and speed up the package installation. In addition port forwarding on the gateway router can facilitate the remote access needs on LXC from the Internet.

Reconsider deschooling: Alternative towards more accessible and inclusive education

This essay discusses deschooling concept as an alternative learning delivery method to achieve education for all. We argue that the deschooling idea, first introduced by Illich before the era of the Internet, has become relevant in relation to today’s education challenges. What we mean by deschooling in this paper is not the abolishment of the schooling system. Instead, the recall of deschooling discourse aims to provide more recognition of learning activities outside of the school setting. The learning webs, a key enabler in deschooling discourse, are realistic when implemented with the help of 21st century’s technology. The argument in this paper utilised an in-depth literature review and discourse analysis in the deschooling debate. To strengthen our argument, we have provided three case studies in the form of informal learning, non-formal learning and e-learning related to deschooling initiatives. Based on our findings, we can conclude that deschooling society is certainly viable. The principles used in deschooling, such as flexibility, inclusiveness, adaptability and personalisation, are alternatives for everyone to have freedom of access, use, copy, and modify learning resources. We also found that there may be possible challenges, including the limitation of self-directed learning, the pitfall of institutionalised capital and a lack of social interaction.

Elevator to the shallows: spatial verticality and the questionable depth of social relations in Mad Men

ABSTRACTSet in the world of Madison Avenue advertising during the 1960s, a century after the earliest construction of vertical lifts in New York City, Matthew Weiner’s Mad Men illustrates how central the elevator has become to the urban spatial imaginary, perpetuated in part through such cultural productions as Billy Wilder’s 1960 film The Apartment (a source of inspiration for Weiner). Like Wilder’s classic comedy, Mad Men stages several interpersonal encounters inside the cramped spaces of elevator cars, which are private zones of physical and verbal intimacy as well as public areas where individuals from different social classes come together, if only momentarily. Inspired by the work of Andreas Bernard (author of Lifted, which focuses on literary and cinematic representations of elevators), I explore the contradictory aspects of this prominent yet overlooked type of human conveyance, looking at the fleeting personal exchanges that take place inside vertical lifts on Mad Men as well as on other television programs. As Bernard states, because it combines ‘freedom of access while stopped and hermetically sealed impenetrability while in motion’, the elevator cab is ripe for interpretation as a means through which to tell the story of the modern metropolis and its demographically diverse inhabitants.

Riflessioni sul diritto d’accesso ai beni culturali

Different conflicting ideas and values cross the debate about freedom of access to cultural heritage. This is nothing new: a similar debate arose in the past decades with confrontation among free software and proprietary software. The future will depend on the evolution of this cultural conflict and the political choices that will follow.

Utopian Concept, Mixed Structure, Digital Extent and New Claims

The right to artistic culture, as a set of rights and freedoms associated with participation in artistic culture, can be regarded as a kind of umbrella term, consisting of an array of rights and freedoms related to the freedom to create and share one’s own works, the right to experience the works of others, setting the boundaries in horizontal relations between artists, and the freedom of access and creation on the basis of available works. The right to culture in European states with state patronage systems means also fulfilling a number of positive obligations, particularly connected to the fair financing of artistic life and universally assured access to it. This right is not by nature homogeneous and cannot be categorised only as a social right, while some components of it are already established and protected in civil rights systems of protection. Finding the elements of this right in the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case-law and domestic legal measures delivers the evidence on its complex nature and allows the pointing out of some paradoxes in its development. It also considers the justiciability to the right to culture.

Privacidade, ética e informação: uma reflexão filosófica sobre os dilemas no contexto das redes sociais

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre os dilemas do direito à privacidade no contexto das redes sociais no âmbito vivência da democracia no ciberespaço, problematizando a efetividade da garantia da proteção da privacidade dos internautas, na valorização dos princípios da liberdade e autonomia no ambiente da Internet. Indica as diversas legislações de escopos nacional e internacional que garantem o direito à privacidade e proteção de dados pessoais dos cidadãos. Revisa a literatura de ética informacional, associando este domínio do conhecimento ao conceito de privacidade e ao contexto das redes sociais, discutindo a construção de conceitos que norteiam e que estão diretamente envolvidos com os domínios afins. Considera, a partir dos aportes da filosofia da informação, que a personalização de conteúdos operacionalizada pelas empresas digitais, em troca da ampla liberdade de acesso aos dados pessoais de seus usuários, ameaça os princípios de autonomia e liberdade no ciberespaço. Observa que a investigação de dados pessoais é feita também entre os próprios indivíduos, como um reflexo da atual cultura de “transparência”. Atenta para a necessidade de proteção ética e legal dos dados digitais dos internautas, visando à salvaguarda autônoma de sua identidade digital.

Population Reduction, Unification of Curriculum and Diversification of Financial Support of Secondary Education in the Czech Republic: The Situation in the Years 2006 – 2016

Abstract Introduction: The article focuses on the situation in the area of secondary education in the Czech Republic. Its aim is to reflect three topics: population reduction, unification of curriculum and diversification of financial support of secondary education in the Czech Republic in 2006 - 2016. Methods: The results are underlined by available data from the national statistics. The data are collected annually and are accessible on the website of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. They contain the entire population of secondary schools, teachers and pupils. Analysis was provided with the use of SPSS, version 24. Results: There is a reduction of vocational and apprentice schools, but at the same time we are increasing financial support to their fields of study. Under the 2004 law, each school has an individual school educational program, but realistically, we see that the curriculum at secondary school level of education rather standardises. On the labour market, we need graduates of vocational and apprentice schools, but we still strongly support grammar schools and other theoretically oriented schools, whose graduates are not motivated for manual professions. Discussion: Closer analysis focused on reflection of selected trends in the area of secondary education is needed for the purposes of education policy and for planning future research studies in this area. Limitations: Continuous development takes place in the field of education. All comparisons in the years 2006-2016 are therefore limited. The data were used in their original form, in some cases were not available and therefore they could not be included in the analysis. Conclusions: Educational policy is very complicated, because education is difficult to control and it is based on freedom of access. Therefore, the most important target for the future is to stabilize the situation and be able to reflect maximum of factors influencing secondary education in our society. Although current trends clearly support lifelong learning and its unification, we should not forget the specific fields of apprentice and vocational schools, which are needed on the labour market.

ПРОФЕСІЙНА ЕТИКА БІБЛІОТЕКАРЯ: ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВІЛЬНОГО ДОСТУПУ ДО ІНФОРМАЦІЇ ЧИ СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ?

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the importance of the role of the librarian in the protection of intellectual freedom as an important component of a democratic society. The research methodology was based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. General historical and historical-sociological methods were also used, in particular, the historical-comparative, historical-retrospective, historical-typological, and statistical. Among the field-specific methods of research, methods of comparative library science were of particular importance. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the analysis of the professional ethics of librarianship as a set of specific requirements and norms of morality in the process of performing professional duties to provide service to consumers of information. Conclusions. Freedom of access to information, defined as the highest moral and ethical value in the professional activity of a librarian, needs clarification and discussion today in the scientific and professional library communities. Taking into account the dynamic socio-cultural changes in the information space, the imperative is scientific research into the problems of information ethics and educational support of the activity of librarians-practitioners (in any kinds and forms of educational activity).

Freedom of Access to Information on the Environment - the Reality in Ireland

Freedom of Access to Information on the Environment - the Reality in Ireland

The ‘publicness’ of suburban gathering places: The example of Podkowa Leśna (Warsaw urban region, Poland)

The purpose of this study is to present a new model that can assess the ‘publicness’ of not only public open spaces, but also of the wider category of publicly accessible places, called gathering places. This model was tested in Podkowa Leśna – a suburban town near Warsaw. It includes three dimensions, each of which consists of two indicators: (1) diversity (diversity of activities, and diversity of users), (2) management (type of management; and freedom of access, use and behaviour), and (3) accessibility (financial and spatial barriers). The model measures the extent of publicness and identifies if a particular place has a ‘public’, more ‘public’ than ‘private’, more ‘private’ than ‘public’, or ‘private’ character. The research shows that the role of gathering places can be successfully played by quasi-public spaces, such as: club spaces, spaces owned by various institutions (churches, railways, cultural institutions) and also private places. The study proves that quasi-public gathering places are sometimes more important than fully public places in making local social life less exclusive, especially in the suburbs where almost all developed space is private.

Stating the problem: the grammar of repositories

Purpose – Libraries face a “selling” job on the relationship between print and digital as the mode of delivery for content. Too often it is limply said that “everything is on the web” when we know that it is not or that licensed access to the content is not always available. The Lyon’s Declaration promotes freedom of access to information, yet libraries live and work with this paradox. How will the ambitions of the Lyon Declaration be met? So while it is ironic that everything is said to be on the web while it is not, we have powerful evidence of their dynamic purpose and value. This conference series has dealt with this confronting riddle, evolving and refining, but not quite finding the defining moment. The purpose of this paper is to explore the many interfaces here. By understanding this paradox of print and digital we should see the future of the repositories and libraries more clearly and position them more exactly. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores the rich divergence of responses to the use and development of repositories and proposes future directions. It is an experiential paper as well as one guided by future planning perspectives. Findings – There is a need for a reconceptualisation of the role of print repositories blending in digital solutions together with the more traditional solutions. There is also a strong need for repositories to collaborate internationally in order to be able to render their own work and collections valid and effective in a much wider context. Originality/value – This paper is a series of observations and lessons. It is an extension of practical and managerial work in developing and managing repositories and their collections both in Australia and in Hong Kong. It is a collection views designed to stimulate and potentially guide library practitioners who are thinking and working in this area.

Less Is More: Saving the Internet from Itself

Explores the need to protect the content and information gleamed from the Internet while, at the same time, ensure that freedom of access and quality of content remains intact. Claims that there is a choice - do we want to make protection of individual Internet elements the owners’ problem for all values of “owner,” subject to unpredictable differentiation and a picking of winners and losers by emergent processes that we can perhaps still influence but never again control? Or do we want near monocultures of a few winning platforms whose vastness represents empire and thus requires a level of defense that only a nationstate can provide, if at all? On the former lies the path of so much science fiction, especially if the Singularity is imminent. On the latter lies the path to a state-level control far more invasive than fiat currency and secret standing armies. If neither of these options appeals, now is the time to apply the brakes. Now is the time, individually and collectively, to tamp down risk by tamping down dependence on the Internet. Now is the time to say that target richness is a disease for which the cure is intolerable.

Colliding Effects of Freedom of Access to Information and Personal Data Protection

Abstract: Significant efforts were taken in BiH in the adoption of legislation guarantying the rule of law and human rights. In the framework of this activity the Law on Freedom of Access to Information and the Law on Personal Data Protection were adopted. Unfortunately, practice in some cases shows present of conflict in implementation of those two laws. The most recent example is the case in which the Personal Data Protection Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina conducted the administrative proceedings against the Prosecutor’s Office and the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina for handling of personal data of accused and convicted persons at their official web-sites. As a result of these proceedings, The Personal Data Protection Agency adopted a decision warning the Prosecutor’s Office and the Court of BiH to refrain from such illegal complainant’s data handling and asking them to block personal data of all the persons comprised in the indictments and court decisions posted on its official web-site. This paper analyzes the consequences of the action of the Agency for Protection of Personal Data from perspective of international human rights standards and international jurisprudence and its impact on the justice, rule of law and human rights in the judicial sector.