Free Tuition Research Articles

Foucault's Work: A Reminiscence of Ancient Days

Foucault's Work:A Reminiscence of Ancient Days Timothy Hampton (bio) In May of 1982 I received a message from Paul Bouissac, a professor of French at the University of Toronto, to come to his office. I had just completed an MA in comparative literature and was preparing to move south, back to the United States. Toronto's comparative literature program was going through a transition. Several of my favorite professors were leaving. It was time for me to leave, too. Bouissac was a noted semiologist who had been a circus performer at one point in France, and had written a well-received study of the semiotics of the circus. He informed me that the university was hosting a Summer Semiotics Institute in June, at which a number of visitors would be coming to teach for a month. Would I be interested in working for Michel Foucault, as his research assistant, in return for free tuition? Foucault was at that point involved in his work on the techniques of self-construal in late antiquity and the early Christian period. He had just published The Care of the Self. With Jacques Derrida, he was one of the figure heads of a strangely named invention called "French Theory," a fantasy in the American imaginary that there was a club of French guys (and one gal, Julia Kristeva) who sat around in Paris and cooked up new concepts to animate the careers of ambitious American academics. Of the various French theoreticians, Foucault was the one I found most appealing, because of his interest in history. As an undergraduate, I had read and loved his book on madness. So, I signed on. The short-lived Semiotics Institute was a summa of academic stardom. In addition to Foucault, the philosopher John Searle was a headliner, along with Umberto Eco, whose novel The Name of the Rose had just come out in Italian. There were other experts: a scholar of Bakhtin, a hard-core linguistic semiotician, and, for a few weeks, the great medievalist Eugene Vance. Eco was still known mostly as a slightly eccentric essayist who sometimes wrote about modern art. He got third billing, after Foucault and Searle. I was summoned to meet Foucault on opening day, in an office in Victoria College. It was a brutally hot and humid Toronto day—a day on which no reasonable human would venture out in anything more than a [End Page 377] light shirt. Foucault appeared in a black leather biker's jacket, an advertisement, as I took it, of his sexuality, in the midst of the AIDS crisis, and a moment when black leather was still associated with a certain gay male identity. He was friendly and funny, and seemed genuinely interested in what I was reading and trying to do. As the institute shifted into full speed, Foucault offered lectures, to a large crowd, and a seminar, to a group of about fifteen students. The lectures were the main event. Foucault had a set of texts in English that he read from, about the practices of monasticism in late antiquity and the early Christian periods. He was especially interested in John Cassian, the fourth-century monk who had been instrumental in spreading the practices of monasticism to the Christian West. What were the techniques that Cassian proposed? What was the logic he used to justify and shape monastic practice? It soon became clear that my job was not the job of research assistant at all. I was to be a language consultant and a bodyguard. Each day Foucault would read his lecture text, and each day there would be questions. Many of them came from students in Toronto's venerable Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies. These were people who really took medieval Christianity seriously. They were perfect foils for Foucault, because they were skeptical of absolutely everything he said. They were not impressed by his fame, and they pushed back after each lecture. One student, in particular, was writing a thesis on Iamblichus, the third-century Neoplatonist who had been a biographer of Pythagoras. He challenged Foucault insistently on the details of monastic practice. Each time he opened his mouth Foucault would mutter, somewhat...

The Power of Certainty: Experimental Evidence on the Effective Design of Free Tuition Programs

The Power of Certainty: Experimental Evidence on the Effective Design of Free Tuition Programs

What Is the Relationship between Higher Education and Neoliberalism in the United States?

What Is the Relationship between Higher Education and Neoliberalism in the United States?

Diversity, equity, and inclusion in pathology: Some progress, but room for improvement: Amid a troubling backslide in diversifying medicine, pathologists point to recent successes and remaining challenges in promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). In part 1 of a 2-part series, we investigate what has and has not worked in efforts to diversify workforces.

Diversity, equity, and inclusion in pathology: Some progress, but room for improvement: Amid a troubling backslide in diversifying medicine, pathologists point to recent successes and remaining challenges in promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). In part 1 of a 2-part series, we investigate what has and has not worked in efforts to diversify workforces.

Early outcomes of a rural-oriented physician education programme against rural physician shortages in Guangxi province: a prospective cohort study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate early outcomes of one of the first medical undergraduate education programmes with a goal of mitigating severe rural physician shortages in China, which was developed...

Strategi Marketing Mix dalam Menarik Minat Peserta Didik Baru pada Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Swasta

This article discuss the marketing strategy undertaken by the Islamic Education Institution. There are various marketing strategies used by a private Islamic education institution to convey information about the institution to the wider community and to maintain the existence of the institution, one of which is by using the Marketing Mix strategy. This research used qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. While the type of research used a case study. The results showed that the process of planning the Marketing Mix strategy at MTs Misriu Al Hasan was carried out by forming a PPDB committee, analyzing the conditions of the community and the internal conditions of the institution, and determining the appropriate marketing strategy, namely the Marketing Mix strategy. The process of implementing the Marketing Mix strategy at MTs Misriu Al Hasan, namely by using: Product strategies that contain the culture of takdzim, dhuha prayers in congregation, memorizing juz 30 and yasin letters and achievement scholarships. Pricing strategy, which includes free registration, free tuition fees, free uniforms and GNOTA scholarships. Location strategy, which describes easy access to the institution. Promotion strategy, used to inform about the advantages of products, location and costs by means of brochures and banners, socialization to Elementary School, door to door and take advantage of moments of institutional events. The factors that influence the results of the Marketing Mix strategy at MTs Misriu Al Hasan are the weak role of the foundation, the participation of the committee which is less than optimal and the limited operational costs and the intense competition between private Islamic education institutions in Mojo District, Kediri Regency.
 Keywords: Marketing Mix Strategy, New Student Interests. Marketing Strategy

Closing the Gap: The Effect of Reducing Complexity and Uncertainty in College Pricing on the Choices of Low-Income Students

High-achieving, low-income students attend selective colleges at far lower rates than upper-income students with similar achievement. Behavioral biases, intensified by complexity and uncertainty in the admissions and aid process, may explain this gap. In a large-scale experiment we test an early commitment of free tuition at a flagship university. The intervention did not increase aid: rather, students were guaranteed before application the same grant aid that they would qualify for in expectation if admitted. The offer substantially increased application (68 percent versus 26 percent) and enrollment rates (27 percent versus 12 percent). The results suggest that uncertainty, present bias, and loss aversion loom large in students’ college decisions. (JEL I22, I23, I24, D31, I28)

Admissions quotas in university education: Targeting and mismatch under Sri Lanka’s affirmative action policy

The state university system in Sri Lanka is characterised by free tuition, central administration and an affirmative action policy based on geographical region aimed at reducing inequality in access to higher education. Using administrative data on applicants for university admission, we study the effectiveness of the policy in targeting under-privileged regions and students and test for academic mismatch among medical students. We find that the policy ensures representation of disadvantaged regions while effectively targeting disadvantaged students. However, beneficiaries of the policy lag slightly behind the rest and this mismatch cannot be explained away by differences in university quality, though the estimated mismatch is likely to be an upper bound of mismatches occurring across the university system. These results suggest that region-based targeting is a viable alternative to the more common race/caste based affirmative action policies.

Free tuition plan helps close equity gaps

“I've seen the gaps in access to education,” said B. Donta Truss, Vice President for Enrollment Development and Educational Outreach at Grand Valley State University. Truss began his current role at GVSU in July 2020 and helped launch the university's free tuition program, the Grand Valley Pledge. Before he came to GVSU, Truss's 20‐year career in higher education centered around helping low‐income and first‐generation students achieve their academic goals. After graduating as a first‐generation student, Truss worked as an educational advisor with the federal TRIO programs and in institutional research, which ignited his love for data as a big part of the change‐making process. Working as a VP at several institutions, Truss has integrated data analysis with retention, recruitment, and student life.

Chilean Educational Reform (2014-2018) and its Impact on Higher Education System

During the second term of the President Michelle Bachelet (2014-2018), a transversal educational reform was carried out. To tertiary education its main purpose was to provide free tuition for higher education institutions (HEIs): Universities, Technical Training Centers (CFT) and Professional Institutes (IP). In that context, this paper analyzes the impact of this educational reform as it pertains to the Chilean system of higher education, with special focus on the implementation of free tuition as a new way to transfer resources from the State to HEIs.
 The methods used is the documental analysis of different legal texts, as Acts and Budget Acts. They are analyzing to identify manifestations of governmental rationality, identifying the language-in-use or its performative dimension.
 The analysis considers political variables and how they influenced the process. Its focus is to see legal and institutional changes along with public budget and the impact of HEIs enrolment. The results indicate that despite the significant transformations carried out in the sphere of higher education, the reform could not achieve a significant change in the relationship between the State and HEIs due to the political dispute that arose in the process, thus achieving mixed results.
 Chilean higher education provides an interesting case study which can serve as reference for educational debates in other countries.

Free tuition plan helps close equity gaps

“I've seen the gaps in access to education,” said B. Donta Truss, Vice President for Enrollment Development and Educational Outreach at Grand Valley State University. Truss began his current role at GVSU in July 2020 and helped launch the university's free tuition program, the Grand Valley Pledge.

Will college promise programs improve or reduce equity? Understanding the contextual conditions that influence program implementation

Although “free tuition” programs are politically popular, some worry that these programs will exacerbate inequity. Scholars note that program outcomes depend on implementation, but few have probed the contextual conditions that contribute to differences in implementation or the consequences of implementation for equity. To address this knowledge gap, we draw on conceptual models of implementation fidelity and case studies of last-dollar, free tuition programs at four community colleges. The consequences of an implemented program for equity depend on program content and coverage and are moderated by programmatic and organizational conditions. For the studied programs, implemented content includes the financial award and non-financial academic supports. Coverage is determined by eligibility requirements. Program content and coverage are moderated by programmatic characteristics, including program goals and placement in the organizational structure, program staffing, and recruitment strategies. Organizational conditions, including sources and availability of funding, availability of synergistic programs, capacity for data collection and evaluation, and perceptions of the community college also moderate implementation. The results inform understanding of how to implement programs at community colleges that increase equity in particular contexts.

Predictive modelling of burnout among Kazakhstani English teacher candidates

Introduction. In Kazakhstan, 55% of English pre-service teacher candidates do not plan to work in public schools after graduation. The current quantitative study, using statistical analysis, sought to determine the causes of this phenomenon.The aim of the present research was to determine the probability of early career burnout among future English teachers using predictive modeling.Methodology and research methods. To create a predictive model, the authors used the following statistical data analysis tools: factor analysis, ordinal regression, and the Сhi-square test. The selection of the above tools provides to predict the probability of work intention in a Kazakhstani public school for more than five years. This period acts as a proxy variable for predicting future teachers’ burnout rates. The study involved 160 pre-service teachers, who received State scholarships for free tuition, with an obligation to work in public schools after graduation.Results and scientific novelty. The data indicated that some respondents would only work for a period of less than five years, due to a sense of despair about their profession. The results demonstrate that pre-service teachers require better training. Furthermore, the authors found a correlation in teaching career expectations and the gender gap, where mature female participants were more likely to carry an intention to work for more than five years.Practical significance. The present study makes a contribution to further research aimed at preventing the shortage and turnover of teaching staff in the workplace by detecting early warning signs of burnout among prospective teachers. The authors identified the indicators of the risk group of novice teachers, who are more prone to burnout due to emotional exhaustion, low self-efficacy, low expectations, and prospects from a teaching career. The authors believe that effective career guidance provides an adequate selection of the most motivated applicants with high occupational expectations.

The Spread of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) for Tertiary Education in the Philippines: A Bass Diffusion Model

This study predicts the spread of the new government program to be availed by out of school youths whose households are beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) using the Bass Diffusion Model. The model predicts the time and magnitudeof newly released products and services. The diffusion of innovations (DoI) paradigm is a way of studyingthe spread of a new product and servicesthat will be adopted over time by the first adapters, then subsequent imitators and adapters that could be accommodated within the program. This model is applied to the spread of the information of the government Tertiary Education Subsidy program on the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) among the Filipino youth with a target of spreading the information to out ofschool youths. The cash transfer allows a beneficiary to enroll in tertiary education with allowance and free tuition fees. The enrolment for the first semester for five years (CY 2014-2018) was obtained from the quarterly reports of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and was applied in the Bass forecasting spreadsheet. Cumulative diffusion and saturation point were categorically determined by the CCT beneficiaries from the initial adapters, imitators, and the potential imitators. Findings revealed that there was a slow diffusion at the early stage of CCT beneficiaries in tertiary education. However, the forecast revealed that almost one million of the beneficiaries could benefit from the program after 30 years. It will take four years for students to finish their higher education degree before they can be considered part of the working force. Significantly, short-term course offerings that are skill-based may be offered to students to acquire knowledge, expertise in the tools, equipment, or technology and materials used and interactions they need to get a job thus, earning wages to help the family earn a living.

Financial Aid:Reform or Revolution?

In Short The price of a public college education has increased rapidly, in large part because of inadequate public funding. Promising free tuition would be a giveaway to the relatively wealthy. Str...

A Study on the Relationship between Policy Acceptance Degree and Teachers’ Professional Identity Focused on Free Tuition Normal University Students of China

A Study on the Relationship between Policy Acceptance Degree and Teachers’ Professional Identity Focused on Free Tuition Normal University Students of China

高等教育の「無償化」をめぐって──ドイツの状況を踏まえて

高等教育の「無償化」をめぐって──ドイツの状況を踏まえて

ANALISIS SWOT PADA SMAS PLUS AL-BASHARIAH KABUPATEN KOTABARU (SEBUAH STUDI KASUS)

This approach tries to balance the organizational organization's internal strengths and weaknesses with the external environmental opportunities and threats of existing organizations. The formulation of the problem in the study is what is the factor of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in SMA Plus Al Bashariah Kotabaru and is expected to be obtained an overview of the factors that become strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and the threats. The study used a descriptive qualitative method in which data was obtained from principals, teachers, parents. Interview, documentation and observation data collection techniques, Interactive model data analysis techniques produce strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats emanating from the SMAS Plus Al-Bashariah environment. The results showed the strength factor of the school is: 1) Strategic location. 2) own and adequate infrastructure. 3) High school "Plus". 4) The number & qualifications of educators and non-educators are adequate. 5) Have a clear work program. 6) Teachers have a high commitment to achievement. 7) Have an IPA Laboratory. 8) Free tuition. For identified threats to schools namely: 1). The level of public trust is low. 2) The absence of competing schools both public and private. 3) parents of students from the lower middle class economy.
 Keywords :SWOT analysis

Survival Analysis Approach for Early Prediction of Student Dropout Using Enrollment Student Data and Ensemble Models

The Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act is a law in the Philippines that provides college students with free tuition and other fees in Philippine state universities and local universities. People's tax is used to finance this law and the government should ensure that student retention or persistence is attained throughout the duration of their stay. To effectively decrease student dropout, it is necessary to understand which students are at risk of dropping out. In addition, this study proposed a model that detects and predicts student success in tertiary education through the right selection of the suitable program utilizing the enrollment data that may have a significant on the study outcome of the students. This study experimented single classifier and added ensemble approach classifiers to propose a predictive model to detect early dropout of first-year college students. The study utilized tree algorithms and then applied the ensemble algorithm to identify student attributes that distinguish potential dropouts from college. The result reveals a very interesting prediction that if their average grade is less than 85, there is a high tendency of dropping any program they enrolled in. Evaluation results in the final stage of the model construction process reveal that applying bagging ensemble into j-48 tree attained the highest accuracy as matched with other tree algorithms, however, forest tree algorithm achieved the highest value in terms of dropout precision and graduated recall. The result also shows that applying ensemble approaches have a marginal increase in classification performance.

Education Attainment of Head of Household and Household Food Security: A Case for Yatta Sub - County, Kenya

This study examined the relationship between education attainment of head of household and household food security in Yatta Sub - County, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The target population was 19,349 households. A stratified random sample of 378 households was used in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire whose return rate was 81.0%. Majority (55.9%) of the households were headed by a male. Most (93.3%) of the heads of the households had formal schooling. Though a high proportion (56.4%) of the households were farmers, majority (53.3%) purchased food from the market. Most (63.5%) of the households were severely food insecure with hunger. It was found that the level of education attainment of head of household and level of food security were significantly related (x2= 84.495; df = 9; p= 0.000). As the education attainment of the head of household increased, the level of household food security also improved. However, it was observed that basic education graduates (primary and secondary education) were struggling to ensure household food security. This was partly explained by skills mismatch that hampered transition from learning to earning, negative attitudes towards informal employment and agriculture, lack of information on careers and job prospects and lack of capital to venture into enterprise creation. The study recommends that the Government should sustain efforts to provide free primary education, free tuition in secondary schools and improved access to postsecondary education considering that advanced levels of education attainment make a difference in households’ food security. Further, there is need for interventions to mitigate skills gap among the basic education graduates. Such interventions include training programmes for out of school adults to increase their adaptability and flexibility to realities of the formal and informal employment sectors including agriculture which is the main source of employment in rural areas.