Serum Free Triiodothyronine Research Articles

Low levels of free triiodothyronine are associated with risk of cognitive impairment in older euthyroid adults

Accumulated evidence showed that thyroid diseases induced cognitive decline. However, the relationship between thyroid hormones (THs) and cognition in older euthyroid people is still unclear. Our study aimed to estimate the association between THs within the euthyroid range and cognition in community-dwelling older adults in China. Data were extracted from a cohort study on the health status of rural older adults from the Guizhou province in China (HSRO). Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were measured using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Linear regression and a binary logistic regression model were used to explore the relationship between THs and cognition in euthyroidism (TSH level of 0.27 ~ 4.20mIU/L). A total of 957 euthyroidism individuals were included in this study, with a mean (SD) age of 71.34 (6.35) years. In individuals with euthyroidism, serum TSH and FT3 levels were positively associated with cognition (TSH:β = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01 ~ 0.11, P = 0.03; FT3:β = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 ~ 0.12, P = 0.01); and serum FT3 and TSH levels were significantly associated with cognitive domains (P < 0.05). Further, euthyroid individuals in the lowest serum FT3(OR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.27 ~ 3.03) quartile had a twofold increased risk of cognitive impairment compared to those in the highest quartile after adjusting for potential confounding factors. These findings suggested that low levels of FT3 could be an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment in older euthyroid adults. Additionally, a positive linear association exists between serum FT3 levels and cognitive domains (such as immediate memory, language, and attention). Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms and the community significance of these findings.

Association of thyroid hormone sensitivity index with stroke in patients with coronary artery disease

Background and aimsThyroid hormones (THs) will affect the occurrence and prognosis of stroke, and the research on THs sensitivity index and stroke in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is scarce. The goal of this study is to look into the relationship between central and peripheral THs sensitivity index and stroke in patients with CHD. MethodsBetween January 1, 2014, and September 30, 2020, 30,160 patients with CHD were enrolled in this study. By computing the thyroid feedback quantile index (TFQI), thyroid stimulating hormone index (TSHI), and thyrotropin thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI), the central sensitivity indexes to THs was assessed, and the ratio of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) to serum free thyroxine (FT4) was used to assess peripheral THs sensitivity. The relationship between central and peripheral THs sensitivity index and stroke was investigated using logistic regression, especially in different types of stroke, ages, sexes, and blood glucose levels. ResultsStroke risk is positive associated with TSHI, TFQI, and PTFQI. In subgroup analysis, the OR values of these relationships are higher in people younger than 65 years old, male, and diagnosed with diabetes. In addition, stroke risk was negatively associated with FT3/FT4, and the OR values of these relationships were lower in people older than 65 years, female, and diagnosed with prediabetes. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the increase in the central THs sensitivity index and the decrease in the peripheral THs sensitivity index are associated with a higher risk of stroke in CHD patients, and provides new ideas for the assessment of stroke in patients with CHD.

Assessment of Serum Levels of Free Tri-iodothyronine, Free Thyroxine and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Patients with Acne Vulgaris

The aim of the study was to assess serum levels of free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients with acne vulgaris and apparently healthy subjects, to compare all the above-mentioned parameters between the two groups and to correlate severity of acne vulgaris with serum levels of free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). A total number of 120 participants of both genders were selected with age ranged from 15 to 45 years based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them, 60 subjects with acne vulgaris were considered as Group A who were further sub grouped into mild, moderate and severe according to severity. Sixty age matched apparently healthy subjects were included in Group B for comparison. The level of serum free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated. The study revealed significant lower levels of FT4 (p-0.02) and significant higher levels of TSH (p &lt;0.001) of group A when compared with group B. The difference of FT3 level between group A and group B was not statistically significant (p-0.343). FT3, FT4 and TSH were positively correlated with the severity of the acne but statistically not significant.

Changes of serum TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels in infants received surgical correction of congenital heart disease under cardiopulmonary bypass

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the fluctuations and clinical relevance of serum thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in infants undergoing surgical correction for congenital heart disease (CHD) using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).MethodsIn a retrospective design, 58 infants who underwent CHD surgical correction under CPB between January 2021 and January 2022 at our institution were incorporated. These infants were categorized into two groups: simple CHD (n = 34) and complex CHD (n = 24). TSH, FT3, and FT4 serum concentrations were assessed at four intervals: 24 h pre-surgery (T0) and 24 h (T1), 48 h (T2), and 72 h (T3) post-surgery.ResultsThe simple CHD group displayed a significantly reduced CPB duration compared to the complex CHD group (P < 0.001). Both groups exhibited a notable decline in serum thyroid hormone concentrations at T1 compared to T0. However, from T1 to T3, an upward trend in hormone levels was observed. By T3, though the levels in both groups had risen notably from T1, they remained significantly diminished from T0 (P < 0.01). In both the simple and complex CHD cohorts, significant fluctuations in thyroid hormone levels (TSH, FT3, FT4) were noted across the different timepoints (T0, T1, T3) (P < 0.01). While no significant disparities were found between the two groups’ hormone concentrations at T0 and T1 (P > 0.05), at T2 and T3, the simple CHD group manifested higher TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels compared to the complex CHD group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsInfants undergoing CHD surgical correction under CPB experience significant declines in TSH, FT3, and FT4 serum levels. The post-surgery thyroid hormone recovery was more pronounced in infants with simple CHD compared to those with complex CHD. As such, vigilant monitoring of thyroid hormone levels during the perioperative phase is imperative, and timely intervention measures should be employed when necessary.

Changes in thyroid function levels in female patients with first-episode bipolar disorder.

The identification of molecular biomarkers for bipolar disorder is anticipated to greatly improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The objective of this case-control study is to determine whether the blood thyroid hormone levels in bipolar disorder patients are associated with different types of first onset. From August 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021 a total of 120 female patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and hospitalized at Qingdao Mental Health Center were recruited as the case group, including 60 patients with depression as their first onset (depression first-episode group, DF) and 60 with mania/hypomania as their first onset (mania/hypomania first-episode group, M/HF). A group of 60 healthy adult females matching general demographic data, such as race and age, were selected as the control group. Blood samples were taken from both groups to measure serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. The duration of current onset in the M/HF group was significantly less than that in the DF group (23.1 ± 20.2 vs. 125.2 ± 41.0 days). About 27% of patients in the M/HF group had thyroid abnormalities, in contrast to 60% in the DF group. The blood T3 and T4 levels in both the M/HF group and the DF group, as well as the TF3 levels in the DF group, were significantly lower as compared to control. The M/HF group had significantly higher T3 and FT3 levels than the DF group. The blood T3 levels were inversely correlated with the Young's Mania Scale score and the Hamilton Depression Scale score in both the M/HF and DF groups. Thyroid dysfunction resulting in reduced levels of blood thyroid levels may be involved in the disease progression of bipolar disorder, and correlated with the clinical symptoms in patients with depression or mania as the first episode.

Investigating the association between hyperprolactinemia and thyroid autoimmunity in women

Aims: Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL), a condition characterized by elevated levels of prolactin (PRL) hormone, is considered to be related to various autoimmune diseases, such as thyroid autoimmunity (TAI). The association between HPRL and TAI still evokes controversy. Our study intends to examine the possible relationship between HPL and TAI in young women. Methods: This retrospective study was done between January 2018 and December 2022, including 90 women with HPRL and 90 control subjects of similar age and gender. A retrospective examination was conducted on the medical records of 90 patients with HPRL to gather relevant data. Information regarding related parameters was analyzed and compared to the control group data. Results: Our results found that thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were notably elevated in patients with HPRL compared to healthy women (2.24 vs. 1.86). Also, a statistically significant association between the case and control regarding serum free triiodothyronine (fT3) (p&lt;0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the case and control regarding serum free thyroxin (fT4) (p&gt;0.05). Patients with HPRL demonstrated considerably higher anti thyroperoxidase antibody (anti-TPO) levels (46.08 vs. 43.95). Significantly elevated antithyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg) levels were observed in patients with HPRL (1.07 vs. 0.84). Conclusion: The study suggests a potential link between HPRL and TAI. Further research is needed to explore this relationship and its implications for patient care.

THU656 Subacute Thyroiditis In Early Pregnancy: A Rare Case Report

Abstract Disclosure: F. El Sayed: None. D. Shelden: None. Background Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limiting inflammatory disorder that can be caused by a viral infection and presents with neck pain, fever, and fatigue. To date, only 8 cases of SAT have been reported in pregnant women. Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy is associated with both maternal and neonatal complications. The early diagnosis and treatment of SAT during pregnancy may play a vital role in prevention of adverse fetal outcomes. Case Presentation A 37-year-old female in her 6th week was referred to the endocrinology clinic for neck pain that started two months ago following a viral sore throat. She also reported exhaustion, palpitations, and occasional dysphagia. This is her 10th pregnancy, and she reports a history of thyroid isthmic cysts with hemorrhagic degeneration drained in 2014.The patient is a former occasional smoker and denies alcohol or drug use. Family history is significant for autoimmune disease in her sibling, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in her father. On physical exam, her neck is soft, supple, with no lymphadenopathy. The thyroid gland is enlarged to approximately 40 grams and is mildly tender to palpation. Labs were significant for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) of 0.01 uIU/ml (reference range 0.4-4.5 uIU/ml), serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3) of 4.7 pg/ml (reference rage 1.7-3.7 ng/dl), serum-free thyroxine (FT4) 1.6 pg/ml (reference range 0.7-1.5 pg/ml), ESR 67 mm/hr (reference range 0-18 mm/hr), CRP 52.6 mg/L(reference range &amp;lt;8 mg/L). Thyroid ultrasound revealed enlarged heterogeneous thyroid gland , with poorly defined hypoechoic areas. Based on patients’ symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory findings she was diagnosed with SAT. After review of prior literature and coordination with the patient’s obstetrician, she was started on prednisone 20 mg with a plan to taper by 5 mg weekly with close observation of thyroid function tests. Antibody assessment of thyroid was diffusely negative. Repeat assessment of the patient’s thyroid function tests showed improvement in tsh, FT3, and FT4 to 0.04, 2.4, and 0.9 respectively. The patient reported feeling significantly improved at the 2 week mark. Discussion and conclusion SAT during pregnancy is rare but requires careful management. To date, various treatment modalities are reported in case studies but there is a lack of consensus on medication dosing given the rarity of the presentation. The pathogenesis of SAT is still unknown but is thought to be secondary to destruction of thyroid follicular cells, resulting in the release of thyroid hormone and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. SAT diagnosis is based on the patient's medical history, symptoms, physical and laboratory findings, and exclusion of other reasons for thyroid dysfunction. Pregnant women with hyperthyroidism need to be differentiated from Graves' disease, and monitoring of thyroid hormone levels is important for fetal outcomes. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

FRI487 Oral Liquid L- Thyroxine (L-T4) Is More Effective In Controlling Hypothyroidism, Than L-T4 Tablet, In Patients Submitted To Total Thyroidectomy

Abstract Disclosure: P. Fallahi: None. S. Ferrari: None. F. Ragusa: None. G. Elia: None. G. Materazzi: None. S. Paparo: None. A. Patrizio: None. V. Mazzi: None. P. Miccoli: None. A. Antonelli: None. Objectives: Our aim is to investigate the efficacy of levothyroxine (L-T4) in liquid formulation in patients recently subjected to total thyroidectomy (without malabsorption or drug interference), with respect to L-T4 tablets. Methods: We enrolled two hundred and twenty-five patients of whom 75 received L-T4 in tablets, and 150 were treated with liquid L-T4 at the same dosage (1.5 mcg/kg/day). The therapy started the day after thyroidectomy, and the drugs were assumed every day 30 min before breakfast. The thyroid profile was assessed by evaluating serum thyrotropic hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in a first control after 6 weeks, then in a second control after 12 weeks. Results: Our results showed that the prevalence of patients in the hypothyroid range (TSH&amp;gt;3.6 mcU/ml) was significantly higher in the L-T4 tablet group. Moreover, TSH values were significantly lower in the liquid L-T4 group, than in the tablet L-T4 group both at the first (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and at the second control (P &amp;lt; 0.01), while FT4 and FT3 levels were not significantly different. Conclusions: Our data showes that thyroidectomized patients, not reporting issues of malabsorption, gastric disorders, or drug interference, have a better control of TSH levels under a liquid L-T4 therapy. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

FRI471 Regulation Of Adult Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis By Early Postnatal Hyperthyroidism In Male Mice

Abstract Disclosure: D. Kovári: None. A. Szilvásy-Szabó: None. V. Penksza: None. B. Gereben: None. C. Fekete: None. The thyroid hormone (TH) negative feedback regulation enables the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis to maintain the relatively steady circulating TH levels. Internal and external factors influence the development of this feedback regulation and consequently evoke life-long changes of the HPT axis activity. The aim of our study was to reveal how perinatal alteration of TH status influences TH homeostasis of adult mice. Mice were treated with 1µg/bwg thyroxine (T4) or vehicle subcutaneously every day between postnatal day (P) 2-6 and sacrificed at adulthood. Early postnatal hyperthyroidism resulted in central hypothyroidism in adults, characterized by decreased thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lower serum free T4 level, accompanied by unchanged thyrotropin stimulating hormone β (TSHβ) mRNA expression in the pituitary and serum free triiodothyronine level. The two main regulators of the HPT axis are the hypophysiotropic TRH neurons and tanycytes. Tanycytes affect the feedback regulation of TRH neurons by type 2 deiodinase (D2) mediated TH activation. To understand how postnatal T4 treatment results in central hypothyroidism in adult mice, tanycytes and TRH neurons of the PVN were isolated by laser capture microdissection from control and postnatally T4 treated adult mice. Postnatal T4 treatment did not change D2 expression in the tanycytes. Furthermore, using Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator (THAI) mice, we showed that the treatment did not influence TH action in the mediobasal hypothalamus of adult mice. These data together indicate that tanycytes are not involved in mediation of the postnatal T4 treatment induced effects. In contrast, the early postnatal T4 treatment markedly changed the transcriptome of TRH neurons in the PVN of adult mice. The expression of TH receptors, most TH receptor-related coregulators, TH transporters and genes involved in the synthesis of TRH were decreased. Despite of the central hypothyroidism, the energy expenditure of these mice were not decreased and TH action also remained unchanged in most tissues indicating that the peripheral tissues are able to compensate the effect of the generated mild hypothyroidism. These results indicate that alteration of TH levels during the early postnatal period can cause life-long effects on the activity of the HPT-axis likely via epigenetic regulation of TRH neurons. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Impact of Serum Free Triiodothyronine level in Predicting the Degree of Myocardial Injury In Patients With Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Impact of Serum Free Triiodothyronine level in Predicting the Degree of Myocardial Injury In Patients With Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Association of urinary bisphenols with thyroid function in the general population: a cross-sectional study of an industrial park in China.

Bisphenols (BPs) are potential thyroid disruptors that are widely used in many consumer products, leading to their widespread exposure in the general population. Current cross-sectional and case-control studies have found associations between exposure to BPs and serum thyroid function, but the results were contradictory. The objectives of this study are to describe demographic characteristics, BP exposure levels, and thyroid function measurements in potentially exposed and control districts and to investigate the association of urinary BPs with thyroid function. Data were collected from a general population aged 3-79 years (N = 281) recruited by the Zhejiang Human Biomonitoring Program (ZJHBP). The concentrations of 10 kinds of BPs in urine and serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (TT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) in serum were measured. Multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to estimate the relationship between single and mixed exposure of BPs and thyroid function. Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol P (BPP) were detected, respectively, in 82.73%, 94.24%, and 55.40% of the population in the exposed area and 81.69%, 61.27%, and 43.66% of the population in the control area. Among adult females, serum TT3 was negatively associated with urinary BPA (β = -0.033, 95% CI = -0.071, -0.008, P = 0.021). Among minor females, FT4 and Tg levels were negatively associated with the urinary BPA (β = -0.026, 95% CI = -0.051, -0.002, P = 0.032 for FT4; β = -0.129, 95% CI = -0.248, -0.009, P = 0.035 for Tg), and TPOAb was positively associated with urinary BPA (β = 0.104, 95% CI = 0.006, 0.203, P = 0.039). In WQS models, BPs mixture was positively associated with FT3 (βWQS = 0.022, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.042) and TT3 (βWQS = 0.033, 95% CI = 0.004, 0.062), and negatively associated with FT4 (βWQS = -0.024, 95% CI = -0.044, 0.004). We found widespread exposure to BPA, BPS, and BPP in the general population of Zhejiang province and found an association between BPA and thyroid hormones. This association is gender- and age-dependent and needs to be confirmed in further studies.

Reference Intervals of Serum Iodine Concentration in Chinese Pregnant Women.

The study aims to establish trimester-specific reference ranges for serum iodine (SI) in Chinese pregnant women and explore its associations with maternal and infantile thyroid function. Apparently healthy pregnant women were enrolled during their first antenatal visit. Fasting venous and spot urine samples were collected for determining serum and urinary iodine (UI) levels by a validated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and neonatal TSH levels were tested by electro-chemiluminescent assay. The reference ranges of SI were established by percentile method and reported as 2.5-97.5%. ROC analysis was applied to compare the discriminative ability of SI, UI, and UI to urinary creatine ratio (UI /UCr) in early pregnancy for various thyroid conditions. The trimester-specific reference ranges of SI for Chinese pregnant women were 60.91-114.53 μg/L for the first trimester (T1, n = 1029), 54.57-103.42 μg/L for the second trimester (T2, n = 379), and 52.03-110.40 μg/L for the third trimester (T3, n = 455). Maternal SI at T1 but not UI and UI/UCr was significantly correlated with FT3 (r = 0.393, P < 0.001), FT4 (r = 0.637, P < 0.001), and TSH (r = -0.299, P<0.001). Maternal SI change% from T1 to T2 (but not SI change% from T1 to T3) had marginal correlation with neonatal TSH (r=-0.106, P=0.046). ROC analysis showed that maternal SI at T1 had better predictability for several thyroid conditions than UIC and UI/UCr.

Thyroid profile prognostic value on disease severity and mortality in COVID-19

Background: Precise accurate triage of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during hospitalization for early identification of individuals at risk of developing severe disease is essential as Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are overwhelmed by the pandemic burden. The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid function in patients with COVID-19. Methods: 60 healthy controls and 180 patients were admitted to a cardiothoracic hospital, Minia University, Egypt, between March 2020 and September 2021 without a history of thyroid disease. Patients divided as 60 non-COVID pneumonia patients with a similar degree of severity were included as another control group to find any unique effects of COVID-19 on thyroid function, 120 positive COVID-19 divided according to clinical classifications into moderate (n = 58), severe (n = 21), and critical (n = 41), Critical group were admitted to ICU and classified to survivors (n = 33) and non-survivors (n = 8). COVID patients also were divided into tertiles according to their FT3 levels. Lowes tertile (n = 45), middle tertile (n = 37) and highest tertile (n = 38). All participants underwent routine physical checkups, acute physiology, and chronic health evaluation (APACHE-II) scores. The outcome measure was death during hospitalization; intensive care admission, mechanical ventilation, and length of hospitalization. We analyzed the ability of each parameter to predict mortality in participants. Further, we also evaluated whether the combination of free triiodothyronine (FT3) level with APACHE-II score could improve the mortality prediction. Results: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was lower than normal range in 56.7% (68/120) of patients with COVID-19. TSH and serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3) were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients than healthy control and non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients. TSH and FT3 were lower in severe COVID-19 with statistical significance (p &lt; 0.001) and both positively correlated with the severity. The free thyroxine (FT4) in COVID-19 patients was not significantly different from the control group. Patients in the lowest FT3 tertile had significantly higher rates of mortality (18/40), mechanical ventilation (24/53.3), and intensive care unit admission (20/44.4). In univariate analyses, FT3 remained the most significant independent predictor of death. Conclusion: The changes in serum TSH and FT3 levels may be important manifestations of COVID-19 courses.FT3 levels can serve as a prognostic tool for disease severity in early presentation of COVID-19.

Effect of levothyroxine administration on oxidative stress and cytokine levels in rats with experimental hypothyroidism

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of levothyroxine (L-T4) administration on serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum total oxidant capacity (TOC), oxidative stress index (OSI) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and the effects of cytokines on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in rats with experimental hypothyroidism. In the study, 48, 39-day-old, male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 3 groups containing 16 rats in each as control, hypothyroid and levothyroxine (L-T4) treated hypothyroid group. The rats in the control group were injected with 1 mL of saline and the rats in the hypothyroid group were injected via intraperitoneal (i.p.) route with 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PTU) at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 28 days. In the levothyroxine treated group, after induction of hypothyroidism 5 µg of levothyroxine diluted in 1 mL of sodium chloride (NaCl) administered via i.p. route for 15 days. At the end of the study, serum and liver samples were taken from the rats. In hypothyroidism group, serum fT3, fT4 and TAK levels as well as SOD (P&lt;0.001) activity decreased statistically compared to the control group while serum TSH, TOC, OSI (P&lt;0.001), liver MDA (P&lt;0.01), TNF-α and IL-6 (P&lt;0.001) levels increased significantly. The decreased serum fT3, fT4, TAC levels and SOD (P&lt;0.001) activity in the hypothyroidism group increased with levothyroxine administration whereas the increased serum TSH, TOC, OSI and tissue MDA (P&lt;0.01), TNF-α and IL-6 (P&lt;0.001) levels were found to be decreased and approached to control levels. In conclusion, it has been shown that levothyroxine administration is effective against PTU-induced hypothyroidism in rats, inhibits lipid peroxidation and increases antioxidant status, minimizes the levels of inflammatory markers and protects against PTU-induced liver damage in rats. Because, the potential therapeutic use of levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism is thought to be appropriate.

Sensitivity to thyroid hormone and risk of components of metabolic syndrome in a Chinese euthyroid population.

To evaluate the association of sensitivity to thyroid hormone with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a Chinese euthyroid population. A total of 3573 participants from Pinggu Metabolic Disease Study were analyzed. Serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), total adipose tissue (TAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area of abdominal, and lumbar skeletal muscle area (SMA) were measured. Central thyroid hormone resistance was calculated by the Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI) and Chinese-referenced Parametric TFQI (PTFQI), Thyrotroph T4 Resistance Index (TT4RI) and TSH Index (TSHI). Peripheral thyroid hormone resistance was assessed by FT3/FT4 ratio. Higher values of TSHI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.167, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.079-1.262, p < .001), TT4RI (OR = 1.115, 95% CI: 1.031-1.206, p = .006), TFQI (OR = 1.196, 95% CI: 1.106-1.294, p < .001), PTFQI (OR = 1.194, 95% CI: 1.104-1.292, p < .001), and lower values of FT3/FT4 ratio (OR = 0.914, 95% CI: 0.845-0.990, p = .026) were associated with MetS. Increased levels of TFQI and PTFQI were associated with abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Increased levels of TSHI and TT4RI were associated with hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Reduced levels of FT3/FT4 ratio were associated with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia. The levels of TSHI, TFQI, and PTFQI were negatively related to SMA and positively related to VAT, SAT, and TAT (all p < .05). Reduced thyroid hormone sensitivity was associated with MetS and its components. Impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity might affect the distribution of adipose tissue and muscle.

Mechanism of liver X receptor α and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 involved in preeclampsia using an optimized deep learning model.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex disease-causing multisystem damage. Many genes, environmental factors, and their interactions are involved in the development and progression of PE. The pathogenesis of PE is not fully understood, limiting the prevention and treatment of PE. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4,4'-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) blocker, on apoM mRNA and protein levels. The role of liver X receptor α (LXRα) and ABCA1 in the pathogenesis of PE was investigated by optimizing the design of DIDS inhibition based on a deep learning model. The proportion of primipara in the research group, EOPE group, LOPE group, and controls was 59.82%, 65.85%, 56.34%, and 21.43%, respectively. The difference between the research group and the controls was statistically significant (p<0.01). In the clinical data, serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3), gestational age at delivery, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hemoglobin (HGB), albumin, and platelet (PLT) in the research group were lower than those in the controls (p<0.05). ABCA1 is considered to affect apoM mRNA expression, G/HDL-C may increase the risk of LOPE, and overweight or obesity, abnormal glycemic regulation, and hypothyroidism are independent risk factors closely related to the pathogenesis of PE and its subgroups.

Thyroid function analysis after roxadustat or erythropoietin treatment in patients with renal anemia: a cohort study

Purpose This cohort study was designed to explore whether roxadustat or erythropoietin could affect thyroid function in patients with renal anemia. Methods The study involved 110 patients with renal anemia. Thyroid profile and baseline investigations were carried out for each patient. The patients were divided into two groups: 60 patients taking erythropoietin served as the control group (rHuEPO group) and 50 patients using roxadustat served as the experimental group (roxadustat group). Results The results indicated that there were no significant differences in serum total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) between the two groups at baseline. After treatment, TSH, FT3, and FT4 were significantly lower in the roxadustat group than in the rHuEPO group (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, dialysis modality, thyroid nodules and causes of kidney disease, Cox regression showed that roxadustat was an independent influencing factor on thyroid dysfunction (HR 3.37; 95% CI 1.94–5.87; p < 0.001). After 12 months of follow-up, the incidence of thyroid dysfunction was higher in the roxadustat group than in the rHuEPO group (log-rank p < 0.001). Conclusion Roxadustat may lead to a higher risk of thyroid dysfunction, including low TSH, FT3 and FT4, than rHuEPO in patients with renal anemia.

Thyroid hormones as biomarkers of lung cancer: a retrospective study

Background Thyroid hormones are key regulators of several physiological processes, including differentiation, embryonic development, proliferation, and metabolism. Several prospective studies have shown a relationship between hyperthyroidism and cancer incidence; however, since the association between thyroid hormone levels and lung cancer remains controversial, this study aimed to determine the correlation between the same. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 289 patients, who were diagnosed with lung cancer at the Huzhou Central Hospital between January 2016 and January 2021, and 238 healthy subjects. The baseline clinical data of two groups were collected. The concentrations of thyroid hormones, tumor CEA, CYF, SCC, and NSE in both the lung cancer patient and healthy volunteer groups were analyzed. Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables. A chi-square test was adopted to estimate the relationship between serum thyroid hormones level and clinical characteristics of lung cancer cases. ROC curve analyses were used to determine the characteristics of thyroid hormones for recognizing lung cancer. Results The results showed that serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly decreased, while free thyroxine (FT4) levels were increased in patients with lung cancer. In addition, FT3 was identified as a potential diagnostic biomarker of stage I–IV lung cancer with the area under the curve values of 0.807. What’s more, FT3 and FT4 were used in combination with CEA and were identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers of stage 0 lung cancer (Tis) with the area under the curve values of 0.774. Conclusions Our study highlights the possibility of using thyroid hormones as innovative diagnostic markers for lung cancer.

Study of thyroid profile among patients with major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder in a tertiary care center

Introduction and Aim: Depressive disorder is a prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide. Thyroid disorders have symptoms like major depressive disorder (MDD). Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with increasing anxiety in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This study aimed to evaluate thyroid status in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a 17-months period. Diagnosis was made using DSM 5 (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Criteria). Estimation of serum free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and ultrasensitive thyroid stimulating hormone (U-TSH) was done by ELISA. The study included 126 patients, 66 GAD and 60 MDD patients. Results: In both GAD and MDD, females outnumbered males. Age-group and disorder-type had significant association. In GAD and MDD, the mean values of FT3, FT4 and U-TSH were all within normal range. Among GAD patients, maximum were euthyroids followed by hyperthyroids and hypothyroids. In MDD patients, maximum were euthyroids followed by hypothyroids and hyperthyroids. The percentage of abnormal thyroid status in GAD and MDD were 21.2% and 23.3 % respectively. Conclusion: Abnormal thyroid status is prevalent in both GAD and MDD patients with differences in thyroid response. Thyroid profile may play and important role in proper management of the diseases.

Reference Intervals for Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Volume in Children Aged 7 ~ 13 Years from Iodine-Sufficient Areas in Tianjin, China.

Reference intervals (RIs) for serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) suitable for local children are urgently needed in northern China. The reference interval for thyroid volume (Tvol) in Chinese children also differed greatly from that recommended by the WHO. This study aimed to establish TSH, FT3, FT4, and Tvol RIs suitable for children in northern China. A total of 1070 children aged 7 ~ 13 were recruited from iodine nutrition-sufficient areas in Tianjin, China, from 2016 to 2021. Four hundred fifty-eight children aged 7 ~ 13years, and 815 children aged 8 ~ 10years were eventually included to study RIs for the thyroid hormones and Tvol. RIs for thyroid hormones were established in accordance with the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document C28-A3 guidelines. Quantile regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of Tvol. RIs for TSH, FT3, and FT4 were 1.23 (1.14 ~ 1.32) to 6.18 (5.92 ~ 7.26) mIU/L, 5.43 (5.29 ~ 5.52) to 7.89 (7.66 ~ 7.98) pmol/L, and 13.09 (12.85 ~ 13.73) to 22.22 (21.61 ~ 22.51) pmol/L. There was no need to establish RIs by age and gender. Our RIs could increase the prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism (P < 0.001) and reduce the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (P < 0.001). Body surface area (BSA) and age are correlated with the 97th percentile of Tvol (both P < 0.001). Our reference interval could increase the goiter rate in children from 2.97 to 4.96% (P = 0.007). The thyroid hormones' reference intervals suitable for local children should be established. In addition, BSA and age should be considered when establishing Tvol reference interval.