Microsurgery in China developed on the basis of replantation of severed limbs. The authors discuss the indications and techniques for and the results of limb and digit replantation, transpositional replantation, segmental resection and replantation, and free toe transplantation in reconstruction of the hand. Use of the microsurgical reconstructive technique is also considered in free skin flap transfer, free muscle flap transfer, and free bone transfer.