Free Reading Research Articles

Libraries and Reading Habits Among Elementary School Children: The Concept of the Classroom Collection

The elementary school regards the development of reading skills and the cultivation of free reading among students as one of its tasks. one of its ways of achieving this is to operate libraries in the school. Some schools provide only a central library. Some societies or locales, however, also believe in operating classroom collections in the elementary grades, so as to increase children' a exposure to books and reading. The reading habits of 301 fourth-grade students in Israel were examined. The sample included: (a) children who participated in a class library project in grades 2-3, with a central library also existing in the school; (b) children who participated in a class-library project in grades 2-3, with no central library in the school; and (c) children who did not participate in a class-library project, while having a central library in the school. Certain contribution of the class library project emerges, but the realization of this contribution depends on the existence of a central library in the school. A class library is not a substitute for a central collection. It can only constitute one approach among different approaches that can encourage children reading.

Free reading of a school student as a socio-pedagogical phenomenon

Free reading of a school student as a socio-pedagogical phenomenon

On Translation and Dissemination Mode of Chinese Original COVID-19 Picture Books in the Era of Digital Globalization

In the era of digital globalization, multimedia technology is changing children's reading habits and accelerating the pace of translation and publication of picture books. Since the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, the program “Picture Books about COVID-19 for Children Around the World” has been launched. This program appeals for Chinese publishing houses to donate picture books’ international copyright and volunteers to offer free translation. Consequently, 11 Chinese original COVID-19 picture books have been translated into foreign languages and published online for free reading within weeks. An innovative mode of translation and dissemination have been adopted in the program. The paper examines three important factors related to its mode, namely what to translate, who translate, the means to promote translation. Then it proposes to seize translation and dissemination opportunities, adopt multi-modal and multi-dimensional transmission routes and through innovative promotion and marketing channels to enhance translation efficiency and expand influence of Chinese picture books in foreign markets.

BEYOND PSEUDO-ACCOMODATIVE CORNEA LASIK (PAC LASIK). A PERSONAL INSIGHT

Laser in-situ keratomieleusis (LASIK) is a common intervention for young, active, ametropic individuals to improve their visual acuity. pseudo-accommodative cornea (PAC), a variant of LASIK, to correct ametropia among presbyopic patients is proven in maintaining good distant vision; yet, the satisfactory spectacle free reading vision is limited to the ageing progression. However, successful treatments do not guarantee patient’s satisfaction. Assesment of the objective topographic indicators, visual acuity, higher order abrasion, and contrast sensitivity; revealed the clarification of a mild headache as a personal subjective experience after the treatment. The role of the persistent, dominant eye, the brain perception, seems to be critical factor to a patient’s satisfaction. To a certain degree, the interplay amongst the optical part and it’s supporting tissue, within and between the eyeballs, as well as its relationship to the neurosensory parts of the visual systems after Lasik surgery have not yet been assessed and reported elsewhere.

Understanding the robustness of incidental vocabulary acquisition through reading: Qualitative insights from biolinguistics

Studies have shown the potentials of reading on the development of language. Especially, the literature on second language reading is replete with evidence that unearths the incidental acquisition of vocabulary through reading. Free and pleasurable reading, which has a marked effect on the frequency of reading, contributes significantly to the incidental acquisition of vocabulary. However, only a few studies have explored the interconnection among vocabulary acquisition, free and/or pleasure reading, and the reading frequency. To this end, this study manifests the incidental acquisition of vocabulary through reading and foregrounds the importance of free reading, reading pleasure, and reading frequency for vocabulary development. By confirming the strong correlation between reading frequency and the vocabulary test scores of the participants we attest that the reading frequency is significantly associated with free and/or pleasure reading (in our case, liking towards self-selected reading). We also theoretically contextualize and support the argument of incidental vocabulary learning through reading from a biological perspective. Given that the acquisition of any language subskill is enabled by the amalgamation of nature and environment, insights into the biological system of reading implicates a better understanding of the incidental acquisition of vocabulary through reading.

Evaluation of Free Reading Texts in Yedi İklim Turkish Set For Foreigners

Evaluation of Free Reading Texts in Yedi İklim Turkish Set For Foreigners

The inattentive on-screen reading: Reading medium affects attention and reading comprehension under time pressure

This study explored the influence of reading media and reading time-frame on readers' on-task attention, metacognitive calibration, and reading comprehension. One hundred and forty undergraduates were allocated to one of four experimental conditions varying on the reading medium (in print vs. on screen) and on the reading time-frame (free vs. pressured time). Readers' mindwandering while reading, prediction of performance on a comprehension test, and their text comprehension were measured. In-print readers, but not on-screen readers, mindwandered less on the pressured than in the free time condition, indicating higher task adaptation in print. Accordingly, on-screen readers in the pressured condition comprehended less than the other three groups. Mindwandering and text comprehension were similar under free reading time regardless of medium. Lastly, there were no differences in readers’ metacognitive calibration. The results support the hypothesis of shallow information processing when reading on screen under time constraints.

Teachers’ reading promotion activities: variation, structure and correlates

The purpose of this study is to determine which different forms of reading promotion activities teachers perform in fifth and sixth grade in The Netherlands and whether different forms of reading promotion activities are acted out independently or cluster into meaningful categories of reading promotion behavior. A survey was administered to 194 teachers and data was analyzed using Principal Component Analyses (PCA). Based on the results of the PCA thirteen different types of reading promotion behavior can be distinguished. Specific teacher and class characteristics are connected with the different types of reading promotion activities teachers perform. Teachers seem to be mainly focusing on promoting the reading of fictional texts. Free reading happens most often, and teachers frequently use comics and short stories in class. Most daily activities take little or no preparation. Correlations are small but do suggest that teachers act out more different forms of reading promotion activities when there are more girls are in class than boys. Also, classes with more girls act out more activities concerning new media and nonfiction.

A sobrevivência da estátua

No poema de Manuel Bandeira o cacto é uma estátua. Essa estátua tomba e interrompe a vida na cidade. Na morte o cacto se historiciza e, nesse sentido, ganha vida. A montagem das imagens no poema e sua leitura vertical, livre, nos apontam para outras imagens como as da escultura negra de Carl Einstein e sua leitura por Chris Marker e Alain Resnais em As estátuas também morrem, ou imagens como as poses dos nativos em ¡Que viva México! de Eisenstein. A morte revolucionária e a intratabilidade fazem do cacto uma estátua sobrevivente.

Enhancing the Readership of Teacher Students With Digital Book Subscription Services

This article aims to illustrate a 7-month trial of digital book subscription services in teacher education. Student teachers of the University of Turku in Finland were encouraged to implement the service as part of their free time reading. The experiences of the digital subscription service were investigated using a questionnaire, and data were analyzed through a combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The aim of the study was to consider the value of digital book subscription services in terms of reading for pleasure and to describe the readership of teacher students as well as their assessment of digital book subscription services as a pedagogical approach for supporting the reading of primary school students. The results indicated that digital book subscription services might enhance the readership of occasional readers and that audiobook services should be implemented more frequently in education since they seem to connect reading to other free time activities. More effort should be placed in supporting the readership of teacher students in teacher education. Currently, the attitude and amount of reading rely primarily on childhood experiences.

Effect of Transforming Offline Purchasing of Tamil Books into Online Mobile

Tamil books are less accessible among Indian community due to its less demand. People less aware about Tamil books, thus MG Bookstore mobile application is developed to promote the MG Bookstore among people. Mobile application is the appropriate medium for online business in order to reach people and easily. MG Bookstore mobile application is developed for every age of people, but it is only applicable for Android users. In order to attract the buyers, researcher added free reading feature in the MG Bookstore mobile application, which is barely to find in other online business mobile application. Researcher designed and developed this MG Bookstore mobile application by using Buildfire software. Researcher runs the usability test by conducting interview and questionnaire. Researcher also seeks for media experts’ and content expert’s advices and suggestions to enhance the features of this mobile application. In conclusion, researcher concludes that MG Bookstore mobile application is applicable for everyone and helps the MG Bookstore to expand their business by reaching more people through it.

«Свободное чтение»: содержание понятия и его толкование в научной литературе

The article considers the interpretation of the definition of „free reading” in humanitarian research (sociology of reading, psychology of reading, pedagogy, methodology of teaching literature, library science, cultural studies). The aim of the article is to differentiate the concept of „free reading” from other concepts. In order to achieve the result different interpretations of its content are analyzed and the type variety of reading is considered. The interrelation of the concepts of „free reading”, „leisure reading”, „independent reading”, „extra-curricular reading”, „reading for oneself” is traced, and the features (characteristics) inherent to free reading are revealed.

Een paard en een stad

Abstract This article concerns the Dendermond appropriation of the medieval legend of the steed Bayard and the four sons (the ‘Heems children’) of Aymon, lord of Dordoen. The story of Bayard and Aymon’s sons was popular in the Low Countries during the Middle Ages. In many towns and cities, a giant wooden Horse Bayard was part of processions and parades. In some cases, the tradition persists to this day. This is especially the case in Dendermonde, where a local version of the story exists. The nineteenth-century archivist of the city, Prudens Van Duyse, is probably responsible for this remarkable tradition. His assumptions about the Dendermond roots of Aymon of Dordoen and the resulting local narrative tradition are based on a very free interpretation of the toponyms in the Middle Dutch prose story and on an equally free reading of the writings of a number of seventeenth-century historians. While, after Van Duyse’s passing, there was some debate among historians concerning the credibility of his theories, storytellers embraced the regional variant that he invented. To this day, Van Duyse continues to influence Dendermond folklore.

The traditions of massive and spiritual music in Bob Chilcott's “A Little Jazz Mass” (interpreted by Chinese choirs)

The relevance of the article is due to the need to fill the gap in scientific analytics that allows us to consider the features of the jazz mass, as a genre located at the intersection of two different cultural currents — religious ritual and jazz music as well as the need to determine the peculiarities of interpretation by Chinese choir groups of music of European genesis in view of the active process of interaction between cultures of the east and the west.The purpose of the article is the identification of the features of the interaction of traditional genre traits of mass and jazz style in “A Little Jazz Mass” by British composer Bob Chilcott, also process of identifying the characteristics of the performing strategy at the Shanghai Fudan University Choir.The methodology of the study involves the use of historical, structural, functional and comparative methods of analysis. The combination of these methods provides a wide view of the B. Chilcott jazz. The genre-style attribution of the work combined with a comparative approach made it possible to identify the stable and mobile components of the jazz mass genre. Comparative analysis becomes the basis of the style attribution of the performing version of the choir.The main results of the study. Bob Chilcott's “Little Jazz Mass” is one of the striking pieces that emerged from the interpenetration of church singing and jazz music. The popularity of this work, its continuing role in the repertoire of choral groups from different points of the globe, indicates the indisputable success of the British composer, who made an attempt to voice the ancient conservative genre by means of modern mass musical language. B. Chilcott's Mass is an example of “artistic jazz”. This is a work written in the original Latin text with the preservation of the main components of the Mass (except Credo). Nevertheless, the degree of distance of the work from the original kind of genre is very noticeable. The analysis of the style features of the work revealed the parity of the interaction of the characteristic features of spiritual liturgical music and jazz stylistics, as well as to establish the important role of the formative foundations of church music in the external linguistic advantage of jazz components of the musical language. Jazz Mass has been proven to be an important stage in the development of a genre that reflects the cultural process of returning to eternal spiritual values. It was found that the principles of the jazz mass performed by the Shanghai Fudan University choir correspond to the jazz style of the work, through a fairly free reading of the individual elements of the whole, which leads to the loss of the main meaning of the mass as a genre embedded in sacred words and to highlighting the concerto.

Enhancing access to scholarly publications with surrogate resources

Digital libraries containing scholarly publications are common today. They are an invaluable source of information to students, researchers, and practitioners. However, many digital libraries expose only the article metadata like title, author names, publication date, and the abstract for free; access to full-text requires access toll. Given that journal subscription charges are sometimes prohibitive, many important publications remain beyond the access of researchers, especially in developing countries. While open access publication solves this issue, the hard reality is that many research papers are not currently available for free reading or download. In this paper, we present a novel approach to alleviate this problem. We present a technique to retrieve open access surrogates of a scholarly article when the latter is unavailable freely in a digital library. Surrogates are articles semantically close to the original articles, written by the same author(s) and give valuable insights into the paper being searched for; they address the same or a very similar problem using the same or very similar techniques. Our focus on approximate matches of scholarly articles distinguishes our application from many academic search engines. We run it on a large corpus of computer science papers and compare the results with human judgment. Experimental results show that our tool can indeed identify relevant OA surrogates of access-restricted papers.

SKILLS OF WRITING PILGRIMSIN THE FOURTH GRADE SCIENTIFIC STUDENT -EVALUATION STUDY-

This research aims to know the level of the skills of writing pilgrims in the fourth grade students in Iraq and For the purpose of achieving the goal of research . The researcher followed the descriptive approach to his Research. The researcher prepared a test to measure the level of writing skills in the student of the research sample Based on the final list of the skills of writing the pilgrims designed by the researcher in advance has Formulated the researcher paragraphs of the test type of the article and be of 22 test paragraphs measure22 Sub – skill confirmed researcher sincerity and stability and extracted the strength of the discriminatory Paragraphs and laboratories difficulty . After applying the test , the researcher analyzed the data obtained by using T- test for one sample for the Purpose of knowing the significance of the difference in favor of the average mean , which indicates the Weakness of the students of the research sample in writing skills. As a result , the researcher concluded a number of conclusions: such as that the low level of reading texts And analysis according to the type – now prevailing – is a major reason for the weakness of the level of Writing in general and pilgrims in particular , as well as discouraging the learners to the culture of opinion And respect for the opinion of others or opposition to science . Thus , a culture of pilgrims can be Developed with time. A accordingly , the researcher recommended a number of recommendations , including : 1- Adopting a list of writing skills when studying texts and analyzing them in secondary schools , institutes And even university level as well as teaching expression and writing . 2- Encouraging critical and free reading and urging the reading of diverse texts and familiarity with the Methods of writing and writing skills and the sources of the rich language and its rich expressions

The Inefficiency of Vocabulary Instruction

Several researchers have advocated explicit instruction of vocabulary in order to help students improve their reading comprehension, especially low-achieving readers who need to “catch-up” to their age peers. Very few studies, however, have attempted to compare the time efficiency of direct instruction to its alternatives. In this review, I calculate the efficiency of vocabulary instruction in 14 studies taken from a recent research review (Wright & Cervetti, 2017). I then compare those results with estimates of vocabulary acquisition via a likely alternative source of vocabulary growth, free reading. Free reading was found to be 1.7 times more efficient than direct instruction in building vocabulary in short-term treatments, and 12 times as efficient for long-term treatments.

Influential factors on children's reading and writing development: the perspective of parents in a Swedish context

ABSTRACT Early reading and writing skills are important in order to develop and succeed, both in school and later on in life. The aim of this study was to shed light on influential factors on children's reading and writing development from the perspective of parents. Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model for human development was adopted as a theoretical framework. The researchers made use of retrospective life-history oriented interviews with 27 parents conducted as part of a larger research project in Sweden. In the interviews, the parents described factors that can be interpreted as being influential. A thematic analysis technique generated nine themes: Child's abilities and engagement; Genetics and parents’ abilities; More able siblings and peers; Involved parents and grandparents; Teacher competence, attitude and collaborations; Social climate in preschool and preschool class; Free play and child-initiated reading and writing activities; Toys and books; and Extra support provisions and stimulation. Implications are discussed.

The National Library of Romania in the Service of Communities: a Qualitative Analysis to Identify the Needs of the Users in the Free Reading Spaces

The article is based on the dissertation Biblioteca Na?ional? a României in slujba comunit??ilor: o analiz? calitativ? pentru identificarea nevoilor utilizatorilor spa?iilor libere pentru lectur? [The National Library of Romania in the service of communities: a qualitative analysis to identify the needs of the users in the free reading spaces], held in June this year, at the final stage of the Master Program Management of Information in Contemporary Society. The research took place in 15th-26th of April, 2019. Our approach is unique, as the official activity reports published by the National Library are lacking the qualitative studies which would have helped establishing the directions of development of the services dedicated to different types of users. The quantitative reports officially reveal that the users tend to favor the free reading spaces in spite of the reading rooms. These statistics lead us to the idea that the library must operate changes in its public policies, considering new services and healthy conditions for 54,000 free spaces users per year. Who are these people? Where are they coming from? What do they need? What caused the change in their preferences? What does the National Library offer in these spaces to help people and what must it continue to do, to maintain its active place in the knowledge society and a determined role in the Romanian culture? The aim of our work is to answer these questions, or at least to approximate them.

Semantic anomaly detection in school-aged children during natural sentence reading - A study of fixation-related brain potentials.

In this study, we investigated the effects of context-related semantic anomalies on the fixation-related brain potentials of 12–13-year-old Finnish children in grade 6 during sentence reading. The detection of such anomalies is typically reflected in the N400 event-related potential. We also examined whether the representation invoked by the sentence context extends to the orthographic representation level by replacing the final words of the sentence with an anomalous word neighbour of a plausible word. The eye-movement results show that the anomalous word neighbours of plausible words cause similar first-fixation and gaze duration reactions, as do other anomalous words. Similarly, we observed frontal negativity in the fixation-related potential of the unrelated anomalous words and in the anomalous word neighbours. This frontal negativity was larger in both anomalous conditions than in the response elicited by the plausible condition. We thus show that the brain successfully uses context to separate anomalous words from plausible words on a single letter level during free reading. From the P600 response of the scalp waveform, we observed that the P600 was delayed in the anomalous word neighbour condition. We performed group-level decomposition on the data with ICA (independent component analysis) and analysed the time course and source structure of the decomposed data. This analysis of decomposed brain signals not only confirmed the delay of the P600 response but also revealed that the frontal negativity concealed s more typical and separate N400 response, which was similarly delayed in the anomalous word neighbour condition, as was the P600 response. Source analysis of these independent components implicated the right frontal eye field as the cortical source for the frontal negativity and the middle temporal and parietal regions as cortical sources for the components resembling the N400 and P600 responses. We interpret the delays present in N400 and P600 responses to anomalous word neighbours to reflect competition with the representation of the plausible word just one letter different.