Free-range Chicken Meat Research Articles

Assessment of the Spoilage Microbiota and the Growth Potential of Listeria monocytogenes in Minced Free-Range Chicken Meat Stored at 4 °C in Vacuum: Comparison with the Spoilage Community of Resultant Retail Modified Atmosphere Packaged Products

Although current diet and nutrition trends in developed countries led the poultry industry to shift to alternative breeding/production methods, such as organic and free-range, limited data on the microbiology of alternative compared to conventional poultry meat products exist. Therefore, this study assessed the evolution and composition of the spoilage microbiota and the growth potential of inoculated (3 log cfu/g) Listeria monocytogenes in freshly minced free-range chicken meat stored at 4 °C in vacuum packages (VP; four batches) for 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days. Additionally, two VP batches were compared with their resultant retail products stored in modified atmosphere packages (MAP 30:70 CO2/N2) at 4 °C to detect potential differences with the MAP spoilage community described previously. The initial pH of the VP minces was 6.0–6.1, except for one mince, designated VP + AA, which had initial pH 5.8 and was found to contain ‘external’ 1.26% L-lactate and 0.24% acetate associated with a vinegar smell during storage. The rest of the VP batches contained on average 0.75% L-lactate and 0.02% acetate on day 0. After 7 days at 4 °C, L-lactate decreased by at least 3-fold in VP and over 5-fold in VP + AA vs. minor decreases in MAP. Acetate increased 2-fold in all batches. D-lactate (ca. 0.02% on day 0) increased by 4-fold in VP batches only. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) became the dominant spoilers in all samples. Only VP allowed a delayed 10-fold growth (>5.0 to 6.2 log cfu/g) of pseudomonads from day 7 to day 10 at 4 °C. Compared to VP, VP + AA and MAP retarded growth of LAB, pseudomonads, and enterobacteria by 1–2 log units, at final levels below 6.5, 4.5, and 3.0 log cfu/g, respectively. Enterococci, staphylococci, yeasts, and L. monocytogenes did not grow. Latilactobacillus sakei predominated in all spoiled VP batches (65.8% of 80 meat isolates) followed by Latilactobacillus fuchuensis (9.2%), Leuconostoc carnosum (6.6%), Carnobacterium divergens (6.6%), Latilactobacillus curvatus (5.3%), and Weissella koreensis (2.6%). VP + AA favored Latilactobacillus. Brochothrix thermosphacta was frequent in one VP batch. In conclusion, cold-stored (4 °C), minced, free-range chicken meat spoils more rapidly and offensively under VP than MAP or VP combined with acetate-containing (VP + AA) antimicrobial blends.

Prospects for Free-Range Chicken Development in Meeting Market Demand in South Sulawesi

Free-range chicken farming has promising prospects for development, whether we admit it or not, consumer appetite for free-range chicken is still very high, this can be seen from population growth and demand for free-range chicken which increases from year to year. So it is not surprising that the culinary business using free-range chicken as its raw material is mushrooming and increasing rapidly, especially in tourist destinations in Indonesia. It seems to be a breath of fresh air for beginner breeders and for those who want to try free-range chicken farming. This research aims to analyze the prospects, potential, and demand for free-range chickens in Indonesia. The increase in the free-range chicken population in the last 4 years, namely in 2019 as many as 30 038 625 birds, until in 2022 it will be 30 996 054 chickens, means that products in the form of free-range chicken meat and eggs also increase. The increase in the amount of production every year has not been able to meet the consumption needs of the population in South Sulawesi. Production of free-range chicken meat in 2022 will be 5,590,90 tons, while the amount of consumption required will be 63,697,438 tons. Likewise, free-range chicken egg products in 2022 will amount to 20 069.95 tons, while the need for eggs will reach 175 033 tons. The high demand for consumption shows potential business prospects in developing free-range chicken businesses in South Sulawesi Province.

Location Question Analysis of the Umkm Sector of Jombang District

The existence of MSMEs is an alternative effort to overcome poverty, improving people's living standards through continuous empowerment of MSMEs. The aim of this research is to formulate a Location Quotion analysis strategy model for the MSME sector that can determine superior products to improve community welfare and regional income in Jombang Regency in accordance with superior potential and the problems faced.This research was carried out in several sub-districts in Jombang Regency, namely: Compiling a map of the potential conditions of superior products, revitalizing the development and conceptualization of alternative development opportunities for the MSME sector, and applying the SWOT analysis model, and applying LQ analysis with approaches namely: quantitative and descriptive.The development of small businesses (MSMEs) plays a role in creating economic conditions to form a competitive market mechanism, increasing the impetus for economic growth from domestic economic forces into the process of expanding employment opportunities and forming entrepreneurs evenly. The results of the LQ analysis are developing regional superior commodities, namely rice, sugar cane, duck eggs, beef, free-range chicken meat, broiler meat and fisheries considering that from the results of the LQ analysis these superior commodities have an LQ value> 1.

Karakteristik Kimia dan Organoleptik Nugget Sukun Dengan Penambahan Beberapa Jenis Daging Hewani

Nuggets is a processed product made from ground meat with several additional ingredients. Along with the development of science, nuggets are also made from food sources of carbohydrates, namely breadfruit. This study aims to characterize breadfruit nuggets treated with several types of animal meat. The design of this study used a one-factor completely randomized design, namely the addition of animal meat with 3 treatment levels as follows: P1: tuna fish meat, P2: free-range chicken meat, and P3: beef. The results showed that the chemical characteristics of breadfruit nuggets treated with tuna, free-range chicken, and beef were water content of 50.30%, 52.21%, 55.56%, ash content 2.97%, 2.28%, 2.06%, fat content 5.03%, 5.20%, 4.90%, protein content 8.65%, 9.96%, 11.02% and carbohydrate content 33.03%, 30.32%, 26.44%. While the organoleptic characteristics were color 1.66 (didn't like), 3.00 (liked), 2.33 (rather liked), taste 2.00 (rather liked), 4.00 (very like), 3.00 (liked), texture 3.00 (like), 4.00 (like very much), 2.00 (rather like), and overall 2.00 (rather like), 4.00 (like very much), 3.00 (like).

The SWOT Analysis of Kampung Chicken Livestock Business Development in East Lampung District (Case Study in Way Jepara District)

This study aims to find out how the potential for developing free-range chicken rearing in Braja Dewa Village is. The research was conducted in Way Jepara District, East Lampung. The research was conducted in Way Jepara District, East Lampung. In this study using a survey method. The number of samples is 20 respondents, the population can be considered homogeneous because it has relatively the same characteristics or traits among one another. The research was conducted April-May 2023. The data obtained for the formulation of alternative strategies, namely qualitative and quantitative data which will be processed and analyzed using the SWOT analysis method to determine both potential and development in free-range chicken farming activities. The results of the study with SWOT analysis are that the potential in the strategy for developing free-range chicken farming run by the people of Braja Dewa Village, Way Jepara District, East Lampung Regency is strongly influenced by external factors, namely the highest opportunity is high market demand for free-range chicken meat. While internal factors, the highest strength is the high selling price of free-range chicken. This means that the internal position of free-range chicken farming business development has a strong position in terms of strengths and weaknesses.

A culture-based assessment of the microbiota of conventional and free-range chicken meat from Irish processing facilities.

Chicken meat is the most popularly consumed meat worldwide, with free-range and ethically produced meat a growing market among consumers. However, poultry is frequently contaminated with spoilage microbes and zoonotic pathogens which impact the shelf-life and safety of the raw product, constituting a health risk to consumers. The free-range broiler microbiota is subject to various influences during rearing such as direct exposure to the external environment and wildlife which are not experienced during conventional rearing practices. Using culture-based microbiology approaches, this study aimed to determine whether there is a detectable difference in the microbiota from conventional and free-range broilers from selected Irish processing plants. This was done through analysis of the microbiological status of bone-in chicken thighs over the duration of the meat shelf-life. It was found that the shelf-life of these products was 10 days from arrival in the laboratory, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) evident between free-range and conventionally raised chicken meat. A significant difference, however, was established in the presence of pathogenesis-associated genera in different meat processors. These results reinforce past findings which indicate that the processing environment and storage during shelf-life are key determinants of the microflora of chicken products reaching the consumer.

Implementasi Inkubator Penetas Telur Ayam Berbasis IoT Menggunakan Aplikasi Blynk

Entrepreneurship in free-range chicken meat is promising for business an entrepreneur. With a high level of interest in meat, you can make a profit. The problem experienced by chicken farmers is that the condition of the chicken eggs that hatch deeply is not seen continuously due to the large number of them, and the lack of attention to temperature when the eggs are hatched. The solution used is to make egg incubator equipment and record the results of hatching eggs, thereby reducing the failure hatching failure rate and the chickens' safety hatch. The use of the method is to analyze the comparison of natural hatching of eggs from hens by comparing the hatching of eggs using incubator equipment. The use of equipment in the incubator includes NodeMCU ESP 8266 as a processor, Current Sensors, Ultrasonic sensors, and lamps as incubator heaters. The aim of the research is to maintain the stability and hatching time of the eggs. Besides that, it can help human performance by recording the time of hatching eggs so there is no loss. This research produced incubator equipment equipped with an IoT system with adjustable temperatures ranging from 380C to 400C using two lamps as heaters and fans as coolers. The average time needed by the heater to raise the temperature from 380C to 40oC is 55 seconds. Tool equipment, namely there is a notification using an ultrasonic sensor that functions as a Buzzer switch when there are chicks in it.

Addition of Fermented Cassava Leaf Flour in Rations to Percentages of Native Chicken Carcass and Non-Carcass 10 Weeks Olds

AbstractSuper free-range chicken, which is currently a very lucrative new business opportunity because the demand for free-range chicken meat has increased significantly due to high consumer demand. The type of agricultural waste that can be used as ration material is cassava leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using fermented cassava leaf flour in the ration on the percentage of carcass and non-carcass chicken super aged 10 weeks, to find out what percentage level of use of fermented cassava leaf flour in the ration is able to provide the best results on the percentage of carcass and non 10 weeks old free-range chicken carcass. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of 5 treatments namely: L0 (without the addition of cassava leaf flour), L1 (ration containing 2.5% fermented cassava leaf flour), L2 (ration containing 5% starch) fermented cassava leaf), L3 (ration containing 7.5% fermented cassava leaf flour), L4 (ration containing 10% fermented cassava leaf flour). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The use of cassava leaf meal in the ration had no significant effect (P>0.05) on carcass weight, non-carcass weight, carcass percentage and non-carcass percentage. The use of cassava leaf flour in the ration tends to be higher at the level of use of flour containing 5% fermented cassava leaf flour, but does not have a significant effect.

Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Tunisian free-range chicken meat and their offal.

Free-range chickens are infected by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) mainly when they pick-up their food from the ground. The present study was performed to estimate the molecular prevalence of T. gondii in free-range chicken meat (breast and thigh muscles) and their offal (heart and gizzard). The molecular characterization and the phylogeny of T. gondii amplicons were also investigated. Two PCRs were compared, the first targeting B1 gene and a nested PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer ITS-1 gene. Among the 60 tested birds, 47 free-range chickens had at least one positive PCR, i.e., a prevalence of 78.3% (95% CI: 67.9-88.7%). The prevalence of T. gondii infection in muscles and organs analyzed by specific PCR targeting B1 gene (43.3%; 95% CI: 37-49.6%) was significantly higher than those analyzed for ITS-1 gene detection (15%; 95%CI: 10.4-19.5%) (p < 0.001). Heart samples had the highest T. gondii infection prevalence, as well as targeting either B1 gene (48.3%; 95% CI: 35.6-60.9%) or ITS-1 gene (21.6%; 95%CI: 11.2-32%). The present study showed that the consumption of undercooked free-range chicken meat represents a high risk for seronegative pregnant women. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed homology with wild and domestic birds and domestic mammals and a large geographic distribution.

Effects of different concentrations of pineapple core extract and maceration process on free-range chicken meat quality

The tenderisation effects of pineapple (Josephine variety) core extracts on the quality of free-range chicken meat using different maceration concentrations (30%, 50%, and 100%) and duration (15, 25, and 35 min) were analysed. Texture profile analysis, colour, pH, bromelain content, and microbiological analyses of the macerated meat samples were assessed. Broiler breast meat macerated with core extract (100%, 35 min) showed 86% reduction in hardness and the pH decreased from 5.87 to 4.99. The pineapple core extract has great potential as a meat tenderiser thus reduces the agriculture by-product and converts it into natural food ingredients.

GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI DAGING AYAM KAMPUNG (Gallus domesticus) YANG DIBERIKAN EKSTRAK DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi)

Star fruit leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi) in this study were extracted making use of the maceration method and the solvent was absolute ethanol. This study aims to see the effect on free-range chicken meat due to the administration of wuluh starfruit leaf extract. Histological description of the meat was taken from the chest muscle (M. pectoralis) and thigh muscle (M. femoralis) which had previously been treated with starfruit leaf extract. The analysis was carried out descriptively by looking at the histology of free-range chicken meat and compared with the normal picture. The results indicated there is no effect between the administration of starfruit leaf extract on the histology of native chicken meat. It can be seen that the muscle structure is normal, there are no dimensions and shape-changing of the muscle fibers and connective tissue. Conclusions can be drawn that the antibacterial ability of starfruit leaf, shows no effect on the chest and thigh muscles structure of native chickens.

Chemichal Quality and Microbiology of Village Chicken Meat with Infusation Treatmnet of Soursop Leaf (Annona Muricata Lin)

Chicken meat is one of the foodstuffs that have high nutritional value because it contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and other substances that are beneficial to the body. Chicken meat is very high risk in terms of bacterial contamination, this study aims to determine the treatment of soaking native chicken meat in soursop leaf infusion on chemical and microbiological quality. This method uses a completely randomized design (CRD). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). If there is a significant significant difference between treatments, the test is continued with Duncan Multiple Range (DMRT). Parameters observed in this study include phenol test, total plate count test, and bacterial inhibition zone test. The results showed the chemical and microbiological quality of free-range chicken meat by soaking soursop leaf infusion for one hour and different storage times, namely the difference was not significant (P&lt;0.1) in the phenol test, the difference was very significant (P&lt;0.01) in the total test. plate count, and non-significant (P&gt;0.1) in the bacterial inhibition zone test. The results showed a very significant difference in the total plate count test due to contamination during research or storage.

PENINGKATAN BOBOT BADAN AYAM BURAS LOKAL CIANJUR MELALUI PERKAWINAN SILANG DAN SELEKSI BOBOT TETAS DI TINGKAT KELOMPOK TERNAK AYAM “PUSAKA”

Crossbreeding native chicken with chicken pelung expected to increase meat production and efficiency in the use of rations, because the chicken's body weight pelung have better growth than any other domestic poultry. Research objectives were to obtain seed free-range chicken that has the ability to produce good meat as free-range chicken meat producer. Animals used in female parent activities, namely the local free-range chicken Cianjur as much as 100 individuals aged 6-8 months and 20 head pelung males aged 9-12 months, mating systems are naturally cross-breeding males and females with a ratio of 1: 5. Criteria of selection performed on the weight of hatching through the selection of individuals for three generations. The average weight range chicken hatching from crosses with the selected directional pelung was increased by 5.39 g / fish or 1.79 grams / head / generation from G0 to G3, while the increase of domestic poultry hatching weight that is equal to 7.65 g / fish or 2.25 grams / head / generation. Average response of selection criteria hatching weight that is equal to 1.24 g / generation, meaning that the genetic improvement of livestock quality through selection of free-range chicken hatching weights can increase the growth of body weight gain (meat production)

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VARIASI DOSIS DAUN UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas) TERHADAP KOLESTEROL DARAH PADA AYAM KAMPUNG

Improving the quality of free-range chicken meat is not only in improving feeding and maintenance management, it is necessary to increase the genetic quality and maintain its physiological characteristics that reflect the condition of poultry (chicken) including blood cholesterol in free-range chickens. This study aims to determine the effect of varying doses of sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas) on blood cholesterol content in native chickens. The design used was RAL. The research material consisted of 4 treatments with 3 repetitions. The chickens used are native chickens, with maintenance until the age of 12 weeks. The treatments in this study consisted of P0 (chicken feed/control), P1 (chicken feed + 5% sweet potato leaves), P2 (chicken feed + 10% sweet potato leaves), and P3 (chicken feed + 15% sweet potato leaves). The analysis includes the homogeneity of the research sample. The final analysis with ANOVA with a significance level of 5%, if there is an effect continued with Duncan's test. The results of this study showed no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the blood cholesterol of native chickens. The blood cholesterol content in the administration of variations in doses of sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas) did not significantly affect the results of the highest blood cholesterol content in the P2 treatment (279 mg/dl) and the lowest result in the P0 treatment (225.67 mg/dl).

Organoleptic properties of Free-range chicken meat with the pineapple fruit juice marination

Pineapple extract can maintain the quality of chicken meat due to the presence of the enzyme bromelain, namely proteolysis. This study aimed to determine how the effect of marinating of young pineapple extracts with different immersion times on the organoleptic properties of Free-range chicken meat. This research was treated without immersion/control (P1), immersion time 45 minutes (P 2), and immersion time 90 minutes (P 3). This study was arranged based on a randomized block design with three treatments using 15 trained panellists. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that marination using 3% young pineapple extract has a significant effect (p <0.05) on tenderness, juiciness, and Consistency, but does not have a significant effect (p > 0.05) on colour, Odour. and taste.

Assessment of the spoilage microbiota in minced free-range chicken meat during storage at 4 C in retail modified atmosphere packages

This study assessed the evolution of spoilage microbiota in association with the changes in pH and concentrations of lactic and acetic acids in retail oxygen-free modified atmosphere (30:70 CO2/N2) packages (MAP) of minced free-range chicken meat during storage at 4 °C for 10 days. MAP retarded growth of spoilage lactic acid bacteria (LAB) below 6.5 log cfu/g and fully suppressed growth of pseudomonads, enterobacteria, enterococci, staphylococci and yeasts. Two distinct Latilactobacillus sakei strain biotypes were predominant and Leuconostoc carnosum, Carnobacterium divergens, Latilactobacillus fuchuensis and Weissella koreensis were subdominant at spoilage. The chicken meat pH ranged from 5.8 to 6.1. l-lactate (832 mg/100 g on day-0) decreased slightly on day-7. d-lactate remained constantly below 20 mg/100 g, whereas acetate (0–59 mg/100 g) increased 5-fold on day-7. All MAP samples developed off-odors on day-7 and a strong ‘blown-pack’ sulfur-type of spoilage on day-10. However, neither the predominant Lb. sakei nor other LAB or gram-negative isolates formed H2S in vitro, except for C. divergens.

Olive oil-in-water emulsion as a source of desirable fatty acids in free-range “Caipira” chicken ham

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of partially replacing pork backfat with fresh or pre-emulsified olive oil on the technological and nutritional quality characteristics of free-range chicken ham. Three formulations were studied: normal free-range chicken ham (control), free-range chicken ham with a partial replacement of the animal fat with fresh olive oil (HFRE), and free-range chicken ham with a partial replacement of the animal fat with pre-emulsified olive oil (HPEM). Samples were evaluated for their chemical and physical properties, fatty acid profiles, and oxidative stability. All the samples showed lipid and protein contents within the limits established by Brazilian legislation. The addition of fresh and pre-emulsified olive oil as a fat replacer in free-range chicken ham increased the proportions of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased the percentage of saturated fatty acids. The atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes were lower in formulations with fresh and pre-emulsified olive oil, respectively. All evaluated samples showed good oxidative stability over the storage time. We concluded that the products developed exhibit potential to be used as healthy meat products by the food industry and become suitable options to diversify the production of free-range chicken meat.

Analysis Factors Affecting the Demand and Supply of Free-range Chicken Meat in Pakpak Bharat Regency

Food needs are basic human needs that must be met. One of the food needs comes from animal sources, the source of meat most consumed in Pakpak Bharat is local chicken. From the consumer side, the factors that affect the demand for local chicken include: the price of local chickens, the price of tilapia, population and income, and factors that affect the demand for local chicken include: the price of local chicken, the price of local chicken feed and the price of local chicken seeds. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the demand and supply of local chickens in Pakpak Bharat Regency in 2010 - 2019, to forecast the production of local chicken in Pakpak Bharat Regency in 2020-2029. Data analysis was performed using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method with multiple linear regression estimation models using the help of the SPSS 20 program. The estimation results of the demand model are variables of tilapia meat prices (X2), population (X3), and per capita income (X4) has a positive and significant effect on the demand for local chicken (Y), while the price variable for local chicken meat (X1) has a negative and significant effect on the demand for local chicken meat (Y). The estimation results of the model offer variable price for local chicken meat (X1) have a positive and significant effect on the supply of local chickens (Y), while for the variable price of local chicken feed (X2) and the price of local chicken seeds (X3) have a negative and significant effect on offering local chicken meat (Y). Simultaneously, all variables of the demand and supply of local chicken meat have a positive effect. Resultthe projection trend of local chicken production in Pakpak Bharat Regency in 2020-2029 is a positive trend or has increased every year.

Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in Free-Range Chickens Intended for Human Consumption in China.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan with worldwide distribution that infects birds and mammals, including humans. The consumption of free-range chicken meat is a common practice in many parts of the world. However, little information is available concerning the molecular prevalence and genotypes of T. gondii infection in free-range chickens intended for human consumption in China. In this study, a total of 1360 serum samples were collected from food markets in Hunan province of China for detecting T. gondii antibodies by indirect hemagglutination assay. In addition, 650 brain tissues were also collected to investigate T. gondii DNA by amplification of B1 gene with a seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the positive DNA samples were typed at 10 genetic markers using multilocus PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 457 of the examined serum samples (33.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.1-36.1), and 72 DNA samples (11.1%; 95% CI: 8.6-13.4) were positive for the T. gondii B1 gene. In this study, region and age of free-range chickens were shown to be risk factors for T. gondii infection (p < 0.01). Two genotypes (ToxoDB#9 and ToxoDB#52) were identified from two samples with complete genotyping results. Our study revealed a high prevalence of T. gondii infection in free-range chickens intended for human consumption in Hunan province, suggesting that recommendations to consumers should be made, especially in some regions of China where consumption of undercooked chicken meat is common. This is the first genetic characterization of T. gondii in free-range chickens intended for human consumption in Hunan province, China, and also the first report of genotype ToxoDB#52 in China.

Penerapan Metode K-Means Clustering Untuk Daging Ayam Buras

Free-range chicken is a local Indonesian poultry whose population is widely found in every region of Indonesia. However, the level of consumption of free-range chicken meat in North Sumatra Province is still relatively low. This research data contains data on the production of free-range chicken in North Sumatra Province. One data mining technique is clustering. Grouping itself is a method by grouping data. The data of this study contains data on the production of free-range chicken in North Sumatra Province which began in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017. (7 years), and data obtained from the Directorate General of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health as well as on animal access to BPS Sumatra site North (Central Statistics Agency). The purpose of this study is to group Regencies / Cities in North Sumatra Province into 2 parts. These are the Regency / City group with high free-range chicken meat and Regency / City with low-free chicken meat. This can be a contribution of the provincial government of North Sumatra, Regency / City which is of more concern than free-range chicken based on the cluster that has been done. The results of this research are taken from 33 data of free-range chicken meat in regencies / cities in North Sumatra province, 3 high-level districts, namely: Mandailing Natal, Langkat, Serdang Bedagai and 30 other regencies / cities including