Free Radical Initiator Research Articles

Efficient adsorption of methylene blue on carboxylate-rich hydrochar prepared by one-step hydrothermal carbonization of bamboo and acrylic acid with ammonium persulphate

Hydrochar (AAHC) with rich carboxylate groups was prepared by one-step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of bamboo and acrylic acid with the presence of ammonium persulphate, and then activated by a sodium hydroxide solution. AAHC was featured by elemental analysis, SEM, XPS, FTIR, Zeta potential analysis and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and applied to test adsorptive ability of methylene blue (MB) by batch sorption experiments. Despite a small Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 5.03 m2·g−1, AAHC has excellent MB adsorbing capacity owing to the richness of carboxylate groups. Compared with hydrochar produced without adding ammonium persulphate, AAHC exhibits larger BET surface, pore volume and carboxylate groups, indicating a small amount of ammonium persulfate plays an important role in HTC in addition to the free radical initiator. This work provides a facile and cheap method combining HTC and polymerization for preparation of carboxylate-rich hydrochar.

Injectable catalyst-free “click” organic-inorganic nanohybrid (click-ON) cement for minimally invasive in vivo bone repair

Injectable polymers have attracted intensive attention in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. Current injectable polymer systems often require free-radical or heavy-metal initiators and catalysts for the crosslinking process, which may be extremely toxic to the human body. Here, we report a novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) based strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) “click” organic-inorganic nanohybrids (click-ON) system that can be click-crosslinked without any toxic initiators or catalysts. The click-ON scaffolds supported excellent adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenesis of stem cells. In vivo evaluation using a rat cranial defect model showed outstanding bone formation with minimum cytotoxicity. Essential osteogenic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and vascular CD31 marker expression were detected on the defect site, indicating excellent support of in vivo osteogenesis and vascularization. Using salt leaching techniques, an injectable porous click-ON cement was developed to create porous structures and support better in vivo bone regeneration. Beyond defect filling, the click-ON cement also showed promising application for spinal fusion using rabbits as a model. Compared to the current clinically used poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cement, this click-ON cement showed great advantages of low heat generation, better biocompatibility and biodegradability, and thus has great potential for bone and related tissue engineering applications.

Natural Chain-Breaking Antioxidants and Their Synthetic Analogs as Modulators of Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress is associated with the increased production of reactive oxygen species or with a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic defense. The penetration of oxygen and free radicals in the hydrophobic interior of biological membranes initiates radical disintegration of the hydrocarbon “tails” of the lipids. This process is known as “lipid peroxidation”, and the accumulation of the oxidation products as peroxides and the aldehydes and acids derived from them are often used as a measure of oxidative stress levels. In total, 40 phenolic antioxidants were selected for a comparative study and analysis of their chain-breaking antioxidant activity, and thus as modulators of oxidative stress. This included natural and natural-like ortho-methoxy and ortho-hydroxy phenols, nine of them newly synthesized. Applied experimental and theoretical methods (bulk lipid autoxidation, chemiluminescence, in silico methods such as density functional theory (DFT) and quantitative structure–activity relationship ((Q)SAR) modeling) were used to clarify their structure–activity relationship. Kinetics of non-inhibited and inhibited lipid oxidation in close connection with inhibitor transformation under oxidative stress is considered. Special attention has been paid to chemical reactions resulting in the initiation of free radicals, a key stage of oxidative stress. Effects of substituents in the side chains and in the phenolic ring of hydroxylated phenols and biphenols, and the concentration were discussed.

Controlled drug release of levofloxacin from poly (acrylamide) hydrogel

Hydrogels are 3D polymer networks capable to absorb and release water or biological fluids. They are stimuli-responsive materials, which can show rapid volume changes with response to small changes in environmental parameters such as ionic strength, pH, and temperature. In this work, we performed a synthesis of Poly(acrylamide) hydrogel and tested for controlled release of levofloxacin hemihydrate as a model drug. We used sodium metabisulfite and potassium persulphate as free radical initiators to prepare hydrogel with methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker. Characterization of hydrogel was performed by TGA, SEM, and FT-IR. Swelling study and drug release were performed at pH 1.2 and 7.4 solutions, identical to the gastrointestinal fluid at 37°C (human body temperature) to examine possible site-specific drug delivery. UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used to measure the concentration of drug release. Results exhibited the pH and temperature-dependent drug release. The amount of drug release was found to be 17% and 99% in acidic and alkaline pH of 1.2 and 7.4, respectively, after 6 hours.

Copolymers of Castor and Corn Oils with Lauryl Methacrylate as Green Lubricating Additives

During the last few years, the greener additives prepared from bio-raw materials with low-cost and multifunctional applications have attracted considerable attention in the field of lubricant industry. In the present work, copolymers derived from sunflower and linseed oils with decyl methacrylate were synthesized by a thermal method using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a radical initiator. Direct polymerization of fatty acid double bonds in the presence of a free radical initiator results in the development of environmentally friendly copolymeric additives (Co-1 and Co-2). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) were used to characterize the resulting copolymers. Thermal decomposition of copolymers was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The average molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method. Different concentrations of prepared copolymer as additives vis 1, 2, 3, and 4 (w/v) were used to examine the rheological behavior and performance evaluation of the formulated base oil. The prepared copolymers show good thermal stability. Both prepared polymeric additives (Co-1 and Co-2) are evaluated as pour point depressant and excellent viscosity improver. The base oil blended with Co-1 has higher viscosity index value than the base oil blended with Co-2. The pour point values for the base oil blended with Co-1 and Co-2 are ranging from (-11 to -15 oC) and (-12 to -15 oC), respectively.

Cross-linked Poly(Octadecyl Acrylate)/Polybutadiene Shape Memory Polymer Blends Prepared by Simultaneous Free Radical Cross-linking, Grafting and Polymerization of Octadecyl Acrylate/Polybutadiene Blends.

A semi-crystalline, shape memory polymer (SMP) is fabricated by free radical cross-linking, polymerization, and grafting in a blend of n-octadecyl acrylate and polybutadiene (PB). Poly(n-octadecyl acrylate) (PODA) is a side-chain crystalline polymer, which serves as the structure-fixing network counterbalancing the elastically deformed, cross-linked polymer network. At a constant 50/50 ratio of monomer and polymer the amount of free radical initiator, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is varied from 1% to 5%w/w PB. From swelling measurements and calculation of the cross-link density it is determined that DCP produces greater than one cross-link per DCP molecule. It is found that lower cross-linking efficiency is favorable for higher shape fixity. This lower efficiency is found to produce a higher degree of crystallinity of the PODA in the 2-5% DCP samples, which is determined to be the main driver of higher shape fixity of the polymer. A SMP with >90% fixity and 100% recovery at uniaxial strains from 34-79% is achieved. This material should be useful for mold processing of shape memory articles. This approach provides a method to decouple the elastomeric and thermoplastic portions of a SMP to convert commodity elastomers into SMPs and tailor the shape memory response.

Evaluation of renewable feedstock-derived copolymers of stearyl methacrylate-co-triglyceride as multifunctional green additives in lubricant

The greener additives synthesized from bio-sources with low-cost and multifunctional applications have attracted considerable attention in the field of lubricant industry. In this study, the synthesis of novel multifunctional green additives of stearyl methacrylate-co-triglyceride polymeric architectures MGA-1 and MGA-2 has been reported by incorporating the stearyl methacrylate on the sunflower oil and soybean oil, respectively. Direct polymerization through the double bonds of the fatty acid chain in the presence of a free radical initiator leads to the formation of ecofriendly copolymeric additive. The synthesized copolymers have been characterized by routine spectroscopic analysis, and the molecular weight and thermal decomposition of copolymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The rheological behavior and performance evaluation of the formulated base oil were examined in different concentrations of additive viz. 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (w/v). Both MGA-1 and MGA-2 additives act as pour point depressant, viscosity modifier, viscosity index (VI) improver, and rheology modifier to the base oil. However, MGA-1 additive acts as an excellent viscosity modifier and VI improvers, whereas MGA-2 copolymer acts as better pour point depressant (PPD). The rheological study established the shear-thickening behavior for both the additive. The significance of this study lies in the fact that the increment in viscosity occurs with shear rate which make the formulated lubricant feasible at extreme conditions. Along with this, these vegetable oils derived additives MGA-1 and MGA-2 can be considered as good alternative to conventional synthetic homo- and copolymeric lubricant additives for environmentally benign lubricant formulations.

MASTIC-G-POLY (ACRYLAMIDE): MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION

Objective: The objective of the present investigation was the synthesis of grafted co-polymer gum mastic using acrylamide as the monomer.
 Methods: 3-factor 3-level response surface Box-Behnken design, which requires 15 runs including three replicates of the central run, was used for the synthesis of graft copolymers of mastic gum with acrylamide using ceric ammonium nitrate as the free radical initiator. The critical synthesis and process parameters; CSPP (A = concentration of monomer, B = concentration of initiator and C= Temperature) to generate design space and optimize formulation with an aim to obtain critical quality attributes (CQA, Y1 =% Yield, Y2 =% Grafting, Y3 =% grafting efficiency).
 Result: Formulation F14 having a maximum % yield of 75.89% with % grafting of 210% and % grafting efficiency 51.57% was selected as best.
 Conclusion: The microwave-assisted grafted mastic gum was prepared successfully and optimized by using Box Behnken design.

Interfacial improvements in cellulose nanofibers reinforced polylactide bionanocomposites prepared by in situ reactive extrusion

Grafting of polylactide (PLA) onto the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) (CNF‐g‐PLA) was prepared by in situ reactive extrusion using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a free radical initiator to improve the interfacial adhesion between CNFs and PLA. The effect of DCP content on the dynamic rheological properties, crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and micromorphology of PLA/CNF (95/5) bionanocomposite was systematically investigated. FTIR spectra confirmed that PLA chains were successfully grafted onto the CNF surface by forming CC bonds. The presence of such CC crosslinks improved stress transfer at the CNF–PLA interface; SEM and TEM observations and adhesion factor calculated from DMA data confirmed that the synthesized graft copolymers improved the interfacial interaction between CNFs and PLA matrix, thus enhancing the mechanical properties of CNF‐g‐PLA nanocomposites. Compared with PLA/CNF (95/5) bionanocomposite, the maximum tensile modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, and V‐notched Izod impact strength of CNF‐g‐PLA nanocomposites were increased by 31.8%, 20.0%, 12.0%, and 27.9%, respectively. WAXD and DSC analyses indicated that the crystallinity degree of the grafted CNF‐g‐PLA was higher than that of PLA/CNF (95/5) bionanocomposite, and first increased and then decreased with increasing DCP content. The polarized optical micrographs confirmed that DCP‐initiated grafting significantly increased the nucleation density but decreased the spherulite size of PLA. The melt strength of CNF‐g‐PLA nanocomposites was improved due to stronger intermolecular interaction by grafting. This one‐step in situ reactive extrusion technology provides an efficient and economical way to enhance the properties of PLA/CNF bionanocomposites.

AIBN‐Initiated Oxidative Deoximation Reaction: A Metal‐Free and Environmentally‐Friendly Protocol

AbstractAIBN, a very common free radical initiator, was found to be efficient for oxidative deoximation reactions. The process could employ molecular oxygen as the mild, clean and safe oxidant in most cases and did not involve any transition metals. The applied initiator loading was as low as 2 mol%. This work reports a relatively green method for deoximation reactions and may be very practical for large‐scale applications.

Non-edible/waste cooking oil–derived sustainable green multifunctional copolymeric additives for mineral base oil

The greener additives have drawn considerable awareness in the lubricant industry due to their biocompatibility and multifunctional behaviour compared to conventional additives. In this study, novel multifunctional copolymer additives (MCAs) were synthesised from non-edible/waste cooking oil with stearyl methacrylate via addition polymerisation in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as a free radical initiator. The copolymeric additives derived from castor oil and waste cooking oil are named as MCA-1 and MCA-2, respectively. The prepared additives have been characterised by routine NMR and FT–IR spectroscopy, whereas the molecular weight and thermal-oxidative stability of the copolymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. Doping of the synthesised multifunctional green additives in terms of viscosity index improver (VII), pour point depressants (PPD) in base oil (N–150) have been determined using standard ASTM methods. The rheological behaviour of the doped base oil was examined using Anton Par MCR–72 in different concentrations of additive, viz. 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (w/v). The performance of the doped oil was compared with base oil. The additives were found to show the multifunctional behaviour in terms of pour point depressant, viscosity index improver, and rheology modifier. The improvement in viscosity with respect to base oil is in close agreement with the rheological study, which shows shear-thickening property with an increase in the concentration of additive. The significance of the study lies, in fact, the viscosity of the lubricant increases with shear rate and then decreases, making it suitable under the varying condition of temperature. Moreover, waste cooking oil can be used as a promising alternative for the preparation of environmentally friendly multifunctional additives. It is cheaper, readily available, renewable, and non-edible oil over conventional, expensive edible oil for the formulation of lubricants.

Tailorable solid-state supercapacitors based on poly (N-hydroxymethylacrylamide) hydrogel electrolytes with high ionic conductivity

Hydrogels are gaining more and more attention in the scientific and technological development due to its capacity to hold huge amount of water. This property is feasible due to the presence of hydrophilic polymer strain which leads to extensive use of this material. The soft physical nature makes them to be competitive material to be used in supercapacitors as electrolytes. However, hydrogels as electrolyte in the supercapacitors have essential concerns such as electrochemical performance, stability, and small potential window compared to the supercapacitors fabricated using organic electrolytes. Recent advancement in novel water-in-salt hydrogel electrolyte-based supercapacitor with wide potential window gained potential interest. Fluidic water and salt ions rapidly immobilize within the polymer hydrogel network and become part of the polymer scaffold and improve the overall performance of the supercapacitor. Therefore, in the present work, poly (N-hydroxymethylacrylamide) (NHMA) hydrogel and lithium salt containing hydrogel electrolytes were prepared through free radical mechanism. Ammonium persulfate was used as a free radical initiator while sodium montmorillonite (clay) was used as a crosslinking agent. Lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTF) salt was added as source of ions because the ionization of the salt would provide free moving ions. The synthesized hydrogel electrolytes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the ionic conductivity of the prepared hydrogel electrolytes. It proved that the hydrogel electrolyte containing 30 wt.% LiTF (NHMA3) has exhibited highest ionic conductivity of 6.6 × 10−3 S/cm and the lowest activation energy (Ea) of 0.085 eV. The hydrogel electrolytes were imbedded in electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) by using activated carbon electrode which was then tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) techniques. These two techniques showed that the hydrogel AC/NHMA3/AC has reached maximum specific capacitance of 165.19 F/g at 5 mV/s and 287.96 F/g with specific energy of 39.63 W h/kg and specific power of 199.16 W/kg at 200 mA/g. In addition, supercapacitor retained 98.5% capacitance after 5000 cycles at a current density of 5 A/g. Hence, it can be said that the synthesized hydrogel electrolytes have significant potential for smart, light weight, and flexible electronic devices.

Copolymerization of butyl acrylate with methyl methacrylate in a bubble column reactor and the use of copolymer in corrosion protection

In this paper, copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with n-butyl acrylate (BA) in a bubble column reactor using benzoyl peroxide as free radical initiator, at a temperature over 85 °C, is presented. This mode of copolymerization keeps an inert atmosphere throughout the entire reaction and contributes to proper mixing of the monomers. Higher pressure of the bubbling ensures the faster contact of the species, and a higher conversion was obtained in a shorter reaction time. The conversion of monomer at 124 Pa after 210 min is total, which is particularly noteworthy due to the absence of residual monomer that represents hazardous compounds, with negative impact upon employees and end-user safety. Higher conversions are obtained at 96 °C, 124 Pa nitrogen bubble pressure, 60/40% moles monomer ratio BA/MMA and 2% POB. The molar mass Mw, Mn and PDI decrease with the increase in temperature quite linearly. In the absence of nitrogen bubbling, the copolymer composition is approximately the same as in the feeding mixture. The corrosion protection efficiency of steel painted with these acrylic coatings was carried out by means of OCP and potentiodynamic polarization testing and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Aerobic oxidative cleavage of C[dbnd]C bond to carbonyl compound

A highly efficient and selective carbon–carbon double bonds cleavage of styrene compounds involving molecular oxygen was achieved using TBHP as a free radical initiator in diethylene glycol diethyl ether medium. Various styrene compounds, such as phenyl acrylic acids and its esters, 2-substituted 3-phenyl acrylic acids and its esters, chalcones, 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one and bis(2-phenylvinyl) ketone, 5-benzylidene-1,3-dimethyl-pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones, could be effectively oxidized into the corresponding aryl carbonyl compounds, and the yield was up to 99%. A suitable mechanism was proposed. Gram-level synthesis further illustrated the practicality of our method.

A Theoretical Antioxidant Mechanism for Cytoprotective Effect of p-AcetamideSalicylate Derivatives against Free Radical Initiator AAPH in Human Erythrocytes

The molecular mechanism of cytoprotective effect on human erythrocytes of aminophenol and salicylates associated derivatives was related to their antioxidant capacity. The oxidative hemolysis induced by water-soluble free-radical initiator 2,2’-azobis-(2-amidine-propane)-dihydrochloride (AAPH) was inhibited by drug candidates named benzaminophen (BZL), salicytamide or 5-acetamide-salicylic acid (ASL), and salibenzamide or 5-benzamide-salicylic acid (BSL) when compared to their parents salicylic acid (SAC) and acetaminophen (ACP). Trolox (TLX) was the most powerful compound and used as positive control. BZL showed a potent effect followed by ACP > BSL > ASL. SAC did not show protective effect in any evaluated concentrations. These results are in accordance with the molecular mechanism by using theoretical calculation of single electron transfers (SET), hydrogen atom transfers (HAT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) by means of DFT/B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. [1,5] Hydrogen shift between carboxyl and phenol moieties and electronic properties related to pKa and other physicalchemical properties can be involved. The molecular association approach provides protective compounds more effective than SAC.

Highly Toughened and Heat-Resistant Poly(lactic acid) with Balanced Strength Using an Unsaturated Liquid Crystalline Polyester via Dynamic Vulcanization

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a well-known sustainable plastic but with an inherent brittleness, slow crystallization rate, and poor heat resistance, which significantly limits its application. In this work, toughened PLA with a balanced tensile strength, fast crystallization rate, and great heat resistance was obtained by dynamic vulcanization with an unsaturated liquid crystalline polyester (PBDPSM) in the presence of a free radical initiator of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). PBDPSM is efficient in enhancing the tensile toughness of PLA in that the elongation at break of PLA significantly increased from 15 to 179% while adding only 1 wt % PBDPSM. When adding 8 wt % PBDPSM, the PLA/PBDPSM8 blend has an elongation at break of 265%, tensile toughness of 107.2 MJ/m3, and notched Izod impact strength of 22.5 kJ/m2. Moreover, it keeps a high tensile strength of 62.6 MPa. In addition, the crystallization rate of PLA has dramatically accelerated due to the apparent nucleation effect induced by DCP and PBDPSM. PLA/PBDPSM3 shows the highest crystallinity with 44.4%. Furthermore, it shows a high Vicat softening temperature of 152.2 °C, which is 92.2 °C higher than that of neat PLA. Finally, highly toughened PLA materials with balanced tensile strength and good heat-resistant properties were realized.

The Synthesis and Characterization of Polyacrolein through Radical Polymerization

AbstractA radical polymerization reaction of acrolein is reported in this article. The free radical initiator which can effectively promote the free radical polymerization of acrolein is screened out. The optimal conditions of the reaction are investigated and the yield could be up to 93.67%, in which the ratio of initiator to monomer is 1:50, monomer concentration is 7.5 mol L−1, reaction temperature is 50 °C, and the reaction time is 6 h. The structure characterizations of the obtained polymers are performed using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time of fligh mass spectroscopy. The results show that the structure of the polymer contains fragments generated by decomposition of the initiator, aldehyde groups, and vinyl groups. The reaction mechanism of acrolein polymerization in the presence of free radical initiator is proposed. Thus, a novel method for the preparation of polyacrolein via radical polymerization is provided in this article.

Swelling Behaviors of Super-Absorbent Hydrogel based Waste: Bacteria Bran

Firstly, a newly developed bacteria brans (BB) /poly (acrylic/acrylamide/2-acrlylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (AA/AM/AMPS) hydrogel was reported, which cross-linked by N, N’-methyl-enebisacrylamide in the presence of potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator. The BB, a waste after the cultivation of the edible fungus, is composite of lignin, cellulose and other carbohydrates, which are beneficial to enhance the water absorbency properties of the super-absorbent hydrogel. Secondly, the chemical structure and morphologies of the hydrogel were characterized by ourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results confirmed that superabsorbent comprised a coarse surface and the porous network structure with carboxylate, carboxamide and sulfate. Finally, the swelling behaviors of the BB/P (AA/AM/AMPS) hydrogel have been studied, achieving favourable water absorbency properties (589 g/g). The effect of swelling behaviors of the hydrogel on the pH value and the concentration of the salt solution were also studied. This work improves the swelling behaviors of the hydrogel. Importantly, it provides the way to devise the hydrogel with environmental compatibility and low-cost, which is useful in many potential applications, such as agriculture.

Effect of pH and zeta potential of Pickering stabilizing magnetite nanoparticles on the features of magnetized polystyrene microspheres

AbstractStyrene as a monomer was emulsified in water using several magnetite nanoparticles concentration and pH values. Emulsified styrene drops were used as templates for polymerization, in presence of water soluble free radical initiator, and formation of composite particles. Styrene template drops stabilization was verified by light as well as scanning electron microscopy imaging, which ensured the participation of the particles in building up a mechanical barrier to stop oil drops coalescence. Furthermore, the produced polystyrene composites were strongly attracted to an external magnet. The difference in particles size as a function of pH was elucidated using zeta potential measurements, which indicated dominance of pH on the hydrophilicity of the particles and consequently the extent of emulsification, which in turn affected the size of the obtained microspheres. Under some circumstances, capsules were formed instead of particles. Thereby, it can be concluded that the magnetic microspheres are optimally formed at pH 2.3 independently of the magnetite content used.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of chalcones as anti-microbial agent

2, 4-dichloro-5’fluoro-1-ene-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) phenone (EHP) was synthesized using 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoro acetophenone (DFA). 4-[3-(2, 4-dichloro-5-fluorophenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl]phenyl acrylate (EAP) was prepared by reacting EHP with acryloyl chloride using ethyl methyl ketone (EMK) as a solvent in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) as a base at 0-5. Poly (EAP) was prepared by solution polymerization technique using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a free radical initiator and EMK as a solvent at 70 ± 1. EHP, EAP and poly (EAP) were characterized by Infrared, proton NMR and C NMR techniques. Anti-microbial activity of the DFA, EHP, EAP and poly (EAP) were tested on three different ATCC microorganisms (E.coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Salmonella Typhi ATCC 6539). The minimum concentration of the drug needed to inhibit the growth of the bacteria was estimated using photometry assay method.