Free Lipid Research Articles

Effects of Acute and Chronic Gamma Irradiation on the Cell Biology and Physiology of Rice Plants.

The response to gamma irradiation varies among plant species and is affected by the total irradiation dose and dose rate. In this study, we examined the immediate and ensuing responses to acute and chronic gamma irradiation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice plants at the tillering stage were exposed to gamma rays for 8 h (acute irradiation) or 10 days (chronic irradiation), with a total irradiation dose of 100, 200, or 300 Gy. Plants exposed to gamma irradiation were then analyzed for DNA damage, oxidative stress indicators including free radical content and lipid peroxidation, radical scavenging, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that all stress indices increased immediately after exposure to both acute and chronic irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, and acute irradiation had a greater effect on plants than chronic irradiation. The photosynthetic efficiency and growth of plants measured at 10, 20, and 30 days post-irradiation decreased in irradiated plants, i.e., these two parameters were more severely affected by acute irradiation than by chronic irradiation. In contrast, acutely irradiated plants produced seeds with dramatically decreased fertility rate, and chronically irradiated plants failed to produce fertile seeds, i.e., reproduction was more severely affected by chronic irradiation than by acute irradiation. Overall, our findings suggest that acute gamma irradiation causes instantaneous and greater damage to plant physiology, whereas chronic gamma irradiation causes long-term damage, leading to reproductive failure.

The role of alpha-helix on the structure-targeting drug design of amyloidogenic proteins

The most accredited hypothesis links the toxicity of amyloid proteins to their harmful effects on membrane integrity through the formation of prefibrillar-transient oligomers able to disrupt cell membranes. However, damage mechanisms necessarily assume a first step in which the amyloidogenic protein transfers from the aqueous phase to the membrane hydrophobic core. This determinant step is still poorly understood. However, according to our lipid-chaperon hypothesis, free lipids in solution play a crucial role in facilitating this footfall. Free phospholipid concentration in the aqueous phase acts as a switch between ion channel-like pore and fibril formation, so that high free lipid concentration in solution promotes pore and repress fibril formation. Conversely, low free lipids in the solution favor fibril and repress pore formation. This behavior is due to the formation of stable lipid-protein complexes. Here, we hypothesize that the helix propensity is a fundamental requirement to fulfill the lipid-chaperon model. The alpha-helix region seems to be responsible for the binding with amphiphilic molecules fostering the proposed mechanism. Indeed, our results show the dependency of protein-lipid binding from the helical structure presence. When the helix content is substantially lower than the wild type, the contact probability decreases. Instead, if the helix is broadening, the contact probability increases. Our findings open a new perspective for in silico screening of secondary structure-targeting drugs of amyloidogenic proteins.

Topographically smooth and stable supported lipid bilayer for high-resolution AFM studies.

The cellular membrane has been identified to play a critical role in various biological processes including the assembly of biological systems. Membranes are complex, primarily two-dimensional assemblies with varied lipid compositions depending on the particular region of the cell. Supported lipid bilayers are considered as appropriate models for physio-chemical studies of membranes including numerous single molecule techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a topographic technique is a fully appropriate single molecule technique capable of direct observation of molecular processes on membranes. However, reliable experimental AFM studies require the preparation of the bilayer with a sub-nanometer smooth morphology, which remains stable over long-time observation. Here we present the methodology, which allows one to prepare a smooth, stable, structurally homogeneous lipid bilayer without the presence of any trapped vesicles. We described the application of such lipid bilayers to probe time-dependent early stages of aggregation of monomeric amyloid proteins. Importantly, the proposed methodology can be extended to bilayers with various compositions, by incorporating different lipids for on-membrane aggregation study including cholesterol. Furthermore, this methodology development allowed us to monitor the aggregation of amyloid protein at its physiologically relevant low protein concentration. The flexibility of altering the membrane composition allows to identify the specific role of a particular lipid towards the aggregation kinetics, revealing the plausible mechanism of disease development.

Effect of resveratrol on menstrual cyclicity, hyperandrogenism and metabolic profile in women with PCOS

The aim of this randomized trial was to find whether resveratrol could improve menstrual dysfunction, clinical signs (i.e., acne and hair loss), and the biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism in the women with PCOS. Women, in the age range of 18-40 years, diagnosed with PCOS, as defined by the Rotterdam criteria, and no other known cause of abnormal menstruation, were recruited. Participants were randomized based on a 1:1 ratio, to either 1000mg resveratrol or 1000mg placebo daily groups, for a period of 3 months. Seventy-eight patients were randomized: 39 to the resveratrol group and 39 to placebo. Results were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. At the end of study, it was found that women who received resveratrol had a statistically higher regular menstruation rate, as compared to those who got placebo (76.47% vs. 51.61%; p=0.03), and lower hair loss (32.10% vs. 68.00%; p=0.009). We also found no significant differences between the two groups in terms of ovarian and adrenal androgens, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels, free androgen index (FAI), glycoinsulinemic metabolism and lipid profile. Moreover, the resveratrol treatment did not interfere with the thyroid, liver and kidney functions. The negative effect of resveratrol on the body composition was also observed, though not influencing changes in the weight, relative to the placebo group. Resveratrol improved menstrual cyclicity and hair loss, even though levels of androgens, insulin and lipids remained unchanged.

Diagenetic transformations and preservation of free and bound lipids in a hypersaline microbial mat from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Modern microbial mats constitute rich repositories of biogeochemical information regarding the community structure and carbon flow within the mat ecosystem through time and provide valuable insights into Earth’s earliest communities. Using a hypersaline microbial mat core from Guerrero Negro, Mexico, we analysed the lipid constituents from the active microbial layers and the underlying sediments. Our comprehensive lipid survey considered the free (extractable) lipid assemblages as well as the distributions and abundances of bound lipid structures released from fragmentation of insoluble macromolecular organic matter (IMOM). A wide variety of lipid types, including abundant steroids and hopanoids, were recovered from both organic phases, reflecting the rich microbial diversity within this mat ecosystem. A major contribution from photosynthetic mat organisms was preserved by binding into the IMOM phase; including hydrocarbons derived from phytol and long-chain alkanes from fragmentation of algaenans. The stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13Corg) of the mat organic matter was faithfully recorded, even in the deepest sedimentary layers that had experienced the highest degree of diagenetic alteration. The consistently 13C-enriched signatures for bulk organic matter observed through the core (ranging from −8.9‰ to −11.5‰) reflected low net isotopic fractionation associated with autotrophic carbon fixation in this alkaline pond setting. A major finding was the rapid dominance of IMOM as the major organic matter phase (>95%) after only a few years of diagenesis and burial. Such studies on modern microbial ecosystems aid toward a better understanding of the molecular taphonomic controls on the recent and ancient biomarker records.

Effects of <i>Tetracarpidium Conophorum</i> on Iron Overload-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Wistar Rats

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Tetracarpidium conophorum on iron overload-induced cardiac toxicity in wistar rats. A total of 30 rats weighing between 170-245g were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) of five per group. Group A (control) was administered 1ml of distilled water, group B, C, D, E, and F were induced with iron (II) chloride for thirty days and treated with different doses of the extract except group B for thirty days, group F was treated with standard drugs at the same time interval, using orogastric tube. After last day of administering drugs, the rats were left for an overnight fast and then sacrificed 24 hours later. Blood tissue samples were collected through cardiac puncture and immediately transferred to EDTA sample bottles for iron level and total iron concentration tests. 2ml was transferred into plain sample bottles for oxidative stress test analysis. Free radical scavenging activities, lipid peroxidation, haematological indices, body and heart weight and histological studies analysis were accessed. Results shows that there was significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight and no significant change in organ weight. These show that Tetracarpidium conophorum extract when mildly consumed has healing effect on damages heart induced by iron (II) chloride. It also proves anti-inflammatory activity of walnut. Histological slides showed vascular ulceration, erosion and stenosis of coronary artery in group B treated with only iron (II) chloride while other groups were normal. There was no significant change in anti-oxidant enzymes activities, except glutathione peroxidase that significantly increased in group F treated with high dose of the extract. However, graded doses of Tetracarpidium conophorum and standard drug reversed the lesions induced by iron (II) choride. Tetracarpidium conophorum extract has ameliorating effects on iron (II) chloride-induced heart damage.

Serum metabolomic patterns in young patients with ischemic stroke: a case study.

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and adult disability. The incidence of ischemic stroke continues to rise in young adults. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of metabolic changes and explore possible mechanisms in young ischemic stroke patients without common risk factors. This study investigated serum metabolomics in 50 young patients with newly suffered ischemic stroke and 50 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Liquid chromatography coupled with a Waters Xevo TQ-S mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used to analyze amino acid or bile acid, and free fatty acid or lipid was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with a Qtrap5500 mass spectrometer with an ESI source. The metabolomic data were analyzed by performing a multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 197 metabolites, including amino acids, bile acids, free fatty acids, and lipids, were identified in all participants. Multivariate models showed significant differences in serum metabolomic patterns between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls. The stroke patients had increased L-methionine, homocysteine, glutamine, uric acid, GCDCA, and PE (18:0/20:4, 16:0/22:5), and decreased levels of L-citrulline, taurine, PC (16:2/22:6, 16:2/20:5, 15:0/18:2), and SM (d18:1/23:0, d20:0/19:1, d18:1/22:0, d16:0/26:1, d16:0/18:0, d16:0/22:1, d18:1/19:1, d16:0/17:1, d16:1/24:1, d18:1/19:0). Based on the identified metabolites, the metabolic pathways of arginine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were significantly enriched in the young patients with ischemic stroke. Serum metabolomic patterns were significantly different between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls. Our study is beneficial in providing a further view into the pathophysiology of young patients with ischemic stroke.

Biochemical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Changes Associated with Alcl3- Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats: Protective Effects of L-carnitine

Background: There has been a great interest in the toxicity of Aluminum (Al) due to its environmental wide distribution and every day usage. The key mechanisms of Al -induced toxicity in the liver are recognized as reactive oxygen species (ROS), development of free radicals, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. L-carnitine is a conditionally important amino-acid (4-N-trimethylammonium-3-hydroxybutyric acid). By L-carnitine, long-chain fatty acids are taken into the mitochondria contributing to the metabolism of cellular energy. Also, it can enhance the antioxidant status by accelerating the free radicals removal from cells.Objective: The purpose of this report was to determine the possible detrimental impact of AlCl3 and to evaluate for the first time the possible potential hepato-protective effect of exogenous L-carnitine supplementation in ameliorating these possible deteriorations. Materials and methods: Thirty two rats were subdivided into equal four groups, Group I: Control rats, Group II: Rats treated with L-carnitine at a dose of 200 mg/kg. b.wt., Group III: Rats treated with Alcl3 at a dose of 100 mg/kg. b.wt., and Group IV: Rats treated with L-carnitine and Alcl3 (200 and 100 mg/kg. b.wt., respectively). All procedures of given materials to animals were orally once daily for one month. Results: The current investigation showed that Alcl3 ingestion caused an obvious hepatic deterioration evidenced by increased liver enzymes level and imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant status. This was accompanied by histological changes and increased Ki-67 and caspase-3 immunoreactivity. These effects were significantly improved by L-carnitine supplementation.Conclusion: These findings suggested that L-carnitine may have a protective effect against hepatic damage sustained by Alcl3 through its antioxidative property and its inhibitory effect on prolife ration and apoptosis.

The effectiveness of laparoscopic technique in combination with laser irradiation in acute perforated gastroduodenal ulcers

Purpose . To study effects of intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI) with laser debridement of wounds and abdominal cavity, which are added to the standard laparoscopic and surgical treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers. Material and methods . 31 patient with perforated gastroduodenal ulcers and symptoms of peritonitis were treated in the hospital. They were divided into two groups. In the control group (n = 19), after preoperative preparation patients were operated laparoscopically with suturing a perforated ulcer, sanitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity. In the main group (n = 12), after preoperative preparation, laparoscopic suturing of a perforated gastroduodenal ulcer in combination with ILBI, laser debridement of the wound and abdominal cavity were made. On admission, all patients were examined by the standard scheme: clinical examination, instrumental examinations (R-scan of chest, ultrasound examination of abdominal organs, electrocardiography, external respiration). To solve the task, the generally accepted clinical examination steps were added with biochemical testings (dynamics of changes in free radical lipid oxidation processes and in antioxidant blood protection parameters). Results . When treating patients with perforated gastroduodenal ulcers laparoscopically in combination with ILBI and laser debridement of wounds and the abdominal cavity, the researchers noted the following in the main group: better indices of average mass molecules (MSM), less blood intoxication, immunity increase – what, in its turn, leads to the increase in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection at the final stage of treatment. Such positive effects have decreased the number of postoperative complications as well as the average duration of treatment, if to compare with traditional care, thus ultimately, leading to less financial costs. Conclusion . The laparoscopic technique in combination with ILBI and laser wound and abdominal sanitation in patients with perforated gastroduodenal ulcers is a promising modality which has a high medical and social importance.

Metabolic fingerprinting of in-bag dry- and wet-aged lamb with rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectroscopy

The effect of in-bag dry- and wet-ageing on metabolite profiles of lamb legs was determined using Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS). Using orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) with REIMS, 1705 metabolite ions were identified (Q2 = 0.86) in four muscles: m. semimembranosus, m. biceps femoris, m. vastus lateralis and m. rectus femoris. A total of 663 metabolites differed between ageing methods (P < 0.05) which mainly resulted from proteolysis and lipid metabolism. Dry-aged lamb had higher pH (P = 0.016) and lower moisture content (P = 0.034) than the wet-aged. Dry-ageing produced more (P < 0.05) smaller sized metabolites including dipeptides and free amino acids and lipid oxidation metabolites compared to wet-aged equivalents. Different muscles had distinct REIMS metabolic profiles. Outcomes of this study demonstrated that REIMS can be used for authentication between in-bag dry- and wet-aged lamb based on their metabolic fingerprints.

Naringin prevents cyclophosphamide-induced erythrocytotoxicity in rats by abrogating oxidative stress.

Earlier reports have shown that Cyclophosphamide (CYCP), an anti-malignant drug, elicited cytotoxicity; and that naringin has several beneficial potentials against oxidative stress and dyslipidaemias. We investigated the influence of naringin on free radical scavenging, cellular integrity, cellular ATP, antioxidants, oxidative stress, and lipid profiles in the CYCP-induced erythrocytotoxicity rat model. Rats were pretreated orally by gavage for fourteen consecutive days with three doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) naringin before single CYCP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Afterwards, the rats were sacrificed. Naringin concentrations required for 50 % scavenging hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radical were 0.27 mg/mL and 0.28 mg/mL, respectively. Naringin pretreatment significantly (p < 0.05) protected erythrocytes plasma membrane architecture and integrity by abolishing CYCP-induced decrease in the activity of erythrocyte LDH (a marker of ATP). Pretreatment with naringin remarkably (p < 0.05) reversed CYCP-induced decreases in the erythrocytes glutathione levels, activities of glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase; attenuated CYCP-mediated increases in erythrocytes levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and major lipids (cholesterol, triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and non-esterified fatty acids). Taken together, different acute pretreatment doses of naringin might avert CYCP-mediated erythrocytes dysfunctions via its antioxidant, free-radical scavenging, and anti-dyslipidaemia properties.

Prooxidant activity as a criterion for the hazard class of biogenic preparations

The presence of various pathogens in municipal wastewaters and the prevention of large-scale invasions is one of the acute problems of modern ecology. Reducing the load on the ecosystem and capital costs during the disinfection of wastewater, their sediments and soil from various pathogens (for example, helminth eggs) is one of the most important tasks of modern ecology. The most successful solution is the use of recycling technologies to obtain reagents that do not require preparation of the disinfection object and subsequent additional treatment. The production of biogenic preparations from agricultural waste (potato seedlings Solanum tuberosum) is low-cost and does not require complex equipment. However, the effect on various links of metabolism, in particular, the effect on free radical processes and lipid peroxidation in the cell, has not been studied enough, which does not allow us to speak about the toxicity of the drug and its effect on the ecosystem of the disinfected object. The study of the prooxidant activity of raw materials for the production of biogenic preparations) in standard model systems of biochemical studies (human erythrocytes) will allow to establish the hazard class.

Hepatoprotective efficiency of selenolin studied on the model of acute liver failure in rats

The influence of selenolin on the metabolic functions of the liver of laboratory rats was studied on the model of the reproduction of acute liver failure caused by acetaminophen. It was determined that the use of selenolin inhibits and weakens the hepatotoxic effects, contributing to the correction of impaired homeostasis in rats. Under the action of the preparation, there was a decrease in enzymatic activity – AST – in 2.35 times, ALT – in 2.4 times, γ-GGT – by 21.7%, as well as an improvement in protein synthesizing function, manifested by an increase in the concentration of total protein by 26.9%. Selenolin significantly (p &lt;0.05) reduces the level of lipid peroxidation products – DC – in 1.5 times, CD – by 56.3%, MDA – by 19.9%. Due to the organic selenium included in the preparation, selenolin helps to maintain a high activity of the enzyme antioxidant system, which leads to a decrease in the stationary level of free radical and lipid peroxidation products, allowing the body to quickly cope with pathological changes in the liver cells and in the blood homeostasis system.

Antioksidanti iz semena kukuruza i ubrzano starenje

Seed deterioration is expressed as the loss of viability, vigour and quality during ageing. The major causes of seed deterioration refer to free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, enzyme inactivation or protein degradation, disruption of cellular membranes and damage to genetic integrity. Accelerated ageing (AA) is a simple method for studying the mechanisms of deterioration over short periods. In order to estimate the deterioration rate, seeds of four maize genotypes were exposed to accelerated ageing for different time points (three and six days of AA). In parallel, the same genotypes were evaluated regarding the content of total phenolics, phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins, as well as regarding total antioxidant capacity. Compared to non-stressed seeds, ageing was evidenced by decreased germination energy (48 .9%), a total number of seedlings (40 .8%) and seedlings growth (70 .0% for root length, 44 .0% and 10 .5% for root and shoot fresh weight, 5 .0% for seed rest fresh weight, 12 .0% and 11 .5% for root and shoot dry weight, 15 .3% for seed rest dry weight, respectively), as well as by an increased number of abnormal seedlings (22 .0%). Correlation analysis revealed that higher content of total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins contributed to a higher radical scavenging activity, which was reflected through a lower level of deterioration rate, both regarding the energy of germination and overall seedling performance.

Antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antifungal activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil

The essential oil extracted from the black Piper nigrum L. (BPEO) was analyzed for antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antifungal activities. BPEO is rich in total phenolics, total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, and showed good free radicals and lipid peroxidation scavenging capacities. In a CCl4-induced liver injury mice model, the BPEO treated groups showed increases in the catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities present in the liver and kidney, and reverses the CCl4-elevated total bilirubin (TBIL), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, which were confirmed in further analyses of kidney tissue sections. BPEO can effectively inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus spoilage fungus in maize. Further analyses indicated that BPEO disrupt the permeability barrier of the cell membrane and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in A. flavus. Therefore, the current study proved BPEO’s potential as hepatoprotective products and natural food preservatives.

The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in skin in the development of experimental contact dermatitis

The purpose of work to study the conditions of prooxidant andantioxidant system in the skin of guinea pigs in different periods of contact dermatitis formation.Materials and methods. Researches were conducted on guinea pigs, divided into five groups: I - control, II – 4th day of expirement, III – 8th day of contact dermatitis development, IV – 10th day and V - 18 th day of model process. Early period included groups of animals on the 4th and 8th days of experiment. The late one – guinea pigs on the 10th and 18th days of contact dermatitis. Experimental contact dermatitis was simulated by method of Volkovoj V. A. (2010). Condition of free radical lipid oxidization in the skin was determined on maintenance content of malonic dialdehyde by method of Corobeynikov E. G. (1989) and diene conjugates by method of Gavrylov V. G., Myshkorudna M. I. (1989). The degree of activity of antioxidant defence was estimated on maintenance enzymes - superoxidedismutase by method of R. Fried (1975), catalase by the method of B. Holmes, C. Masters (1970), glutationperoxidase method of Arkhipova O. G. (1988) and glutationreductase method of Moina V. M. (1986).Results and discussion. Gradual increasing of lipid peroxydations products - malonic dialdehyde, diene conjugate had been determined on the 4th, 8th, 10th and 18th days of experimental contact dermatitis development in this research. Primary increasing of the indices of superoxidedismutase, glutationreductase, glutationperoxidase and catalase has been investigated in the skin on the 4th day with the following decreasing of these enzymes from the 8th day of experiment. It testified about imbalance in antioxidant and prooxydant systems, especially on the 10th and 18th days of the study, which exacerbates the inflammatory process in the skin and also triggers a cascade of other mechanisms of damage.

Autophagy activation and SREBP-1 induction contribute to fatty acid metabolic reprogramming by leptin in breast cancer cells.

Leptin, a hormone predominantly derived from adipose tissue, is well known to induce growth of breast cancer cells. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we examined the role of reprogramming of lipid metabolism and autophagy in leptin-induced growth of breast cancer cells. Herein, leptin induced significant increase in fatty acid oxidation-dependent ATP production in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Furthermore, leptin induced both free fatty acid release and intracellular lipid accumulation, indicating a multifaceted effect of leptin in fatty acid metabolism. These findings were further validated in an MCF-7 tumor xenograft mouse model. Importantly, all the aforementioned metabolic effects of leptin were mediated via autophagy activation. In addition, SREBP-1 induction driven by autophagy and fatty acid synthase induction, which is mediated by SREBP-1, plays crucial roles in leptin-stimulated metabolic reprogramming and are required for growth of breast cancer cell, suggesting a pivotal contribution of fatty acid metabolic reprogramming to tumor growth by leptin. Taken together, these results highlighted a crucial role of autophagy in leptin-induced cancer cell-specific metabolism, which is mediated, at least in part, via SREBP-1 induction.

Development and Application of a Peroxyl Radical Clock Approach for Measuring Both Hydrogen-Atom Transfer and Peroxyl Radical Addition Rate Constants.

The rate-determining step in free radical lipid peroxidation is the propagation of the peroxyl radical, where generally two types of reactions occur: (a) hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) from a donor to the peroxyl radical; (b) peroxyl radical addition (PRA) to a "C═C" double bond. Peroxyl radical clocks have been used to determine the rate constants of HAT reactions (kH), but no radical clock is available to measure the rate constants of PRA reactions (kadd). In this work, we modified the analytical approach on the linoleate-based peroxyl radical clock to enable the simultaneous measurement of both kH and kadd. Compared to the original approach, this new approach involves the use of a strong reducing agent, LiAlH4, to completely reduce both HAT and PRA-derived products and the relative quantitation of total linoleate oxidation products with or without reduction. The new approach was then applied to measuring the kH and kadd values for several series of organic substrates, including para- and meta-substituted styrenes, substituted conjugated dienes, and cyclic alkenes. Furthermore, the kH and kadd values for a variety of biologically important lipids were determined for the first time, including conjugated fatty acids, sterols, coenzyme Q10, and lipophilic vitamins, such as vitamins D3 and A.

Celosia cristata Linn. flowers as a new source of nutraceuticals- A study on nutritional composition, chemical characterization and in-vitro antioxidant capacity

This study was undertaken to investigate the nutritional value, chemical characterization and in-vitro antioxidant activity of Celosia cristata Linn. inflorescences, a culturally significant plant of Kashmir valley, India. The results revealed that the flower contained variety of vitamins (A, B-complex, C and E) with Vitamin E (tocopherol) showing the highest concentration. Among minerals, potassium was found to be present in significant amounts, the amino acid and fatty acid profile of the flower was also found to be satisfactory. The antioxidant activity of flower extract was evaluated by various in-vitro analytical methods: DPPH free radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation, reducing power, and metal chelating ability. Therefore, the present research brings into focus, the nutritional and antioxidant potential of C. cristata flower and its extract.

Disfunción tiroidea y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adultos de la ciudad de Obligado-Paraguay

Las disfunciones tiroideas representan una de las alteraciones endócrinas más prevalentes, siendo reconocidos factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la enfermedad tiroidea y su asociación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adultos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, donde fueron analizados 323 pacientes que asistieron al Sanatorio Alemán de Obligado, Paraguay durante 2015- 2016. Se determinó TSH, T3, T4 y T4 libre, glucemia y perfil lipídico y se tomaron medidas de peso, talla y presión arterial. El 21% de los individuos tenían hipotiroidismo y 3.4% hipertiroidismo. Hubo relación entre índice de masa corporal y niveles de TSH. El hipotiroidismo se asoció con síndrome metabólico y dislipidemia. Los niveles de TSH correlacionaron significativamente con triglicéridos, circunferencia de cintura, colesterol total, LDL y HDL. Atendiendo que en este estudio las alteraciones se vieron en etapas tempranas de la vida, queda evidenciada la importancia de la detección precoz de dichas alteraciones.