Free Ionic Liquid Research Articles

Study on the phase behaviors, viscosities, and thermodynamic properties of CO2/[C(4)mim][PF(6)]/methanol system at elevated pressures.

An apparatus to determine the vapor-liquid equilibria of CO(2)/ionic liquid (IL)/organic solvent multisystems and the viscosity of the liquid phase at elevated pressures has been constructed. The solubility of CO(2) in 3-butyl-1-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C(4)mim][PF(6)]) and the viscosity of CO(2)-saturated [C(4)mim][PF(6)] have been studied at 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15 K and at pressures up to 12.5 MPa. The phase behavior of CO(2)/[C(4)mim][PF(6)]/methanol ternary mixture and the viscosity of the liquid phases at equilibrium condition have also been determined at 313.15 K and at 7.15 and 10.00 MPa. The partition coefficients of the components in the ternary system are calculated. Peng-Robinson equation of state and some thermodynamic functions are combined to calculate the fugacity coefficients of the components in the system. It demonstrates that the viscosity of the IL-rich phase decreases significantly with increasing pressure of CO(2), and the effect of temperature on the viscosity of CO(2)/IL mixture is not noticeable at high pressure, although the viscosity of the CO(2)-free IL decreases dramatically with increasing temperature. Compressed CO(2) may become an attractive reagent for reducing the viscosity of ILs in many applications. The mole fraction of methanol in the CO(2)-rich phase is much lower than that in the IL-rich phase; this indicates that the interaction between the IL and methanol is stronger than that between CO(2) and methanol. The fugacity coefficient of CO(2) in IL-rich phase is larger than unity, while that of methanol is much small than unity, which further suggests that methanol-IL interaction is much stronger than CO(2)-IL interaction. However, the CO(2)-IL interaction is stronger than the CO(2)-methanol interaction.

Lipase-catalyzed Enantioselective Acylation in a Halogen Free Ionic Liquid Solvent System

Abstract Lipase-catalyzed enantioselective transesterification was demonstrated using several types of imidazolium alkyl sulfate as a reaction medium. The desired optically pure acetate was successfully obtained under the conditions used, although reaction rate was inferior to that in imidazolium tetrafluoroborate.

Supported ionic liquid catalysis--a new concept for homogeneous hydroformylation catalysis.

The new concept of supported ionic liquid catalysis involves the surface of a support material that is modified with a monolayer of covalently attached ionic liquid fragments. Treatment of this surface with additional ionic liquid results in the formation of a multiple layer of free ionic liquid on the support. These layers serve as the reaction phase in which a homogeneous hydroformylation catalyst was dissolved. Supported ionic liquid catalysis combines the advantages of ionic liquid media with solid support materials which enables the application of fixed-bed technology and the usage of significantly reduced amounts of the ionic liquid. The concept of supported ionic liquid catalysis has successfully been used for hydroformylation reactions and can be further expanded into other areas of catalysis.