Free Gingival Graft Research Articles

One-Year Outcomes of a Piscine Soft Tissue Alternative Used in Mucogingival Procedures: A Clinical Case Series.

The free gingival graft (FGG) has been used predictably for gingival procedures aimed to increase the width of keratinized tissue (KT). Several soft tissue alternatives, such as xenografts and allografts, have been studied and proven to be successful with varying degrees. This pilot clinical case series evaluated the efficacy, safety, and initial clinical outcomes (measuring KT width) of a piscine xenograft material (Omega3 Wound, Kerecis) compared to the FGG (harvested from the patient palate) in correcting mucogingival deformities around teeth. A convenience sample of six subjects with unilateral or bilateral lack of KT were enrolled in the study. The primary objective of this pilot study was to determine the gain in width of KT. Secondary objectives included investigating the probing depth, recession depth, bleeding on probing, and inflammation score. There were three FGG sites and six xenograft sites. In bilateral-site treatments, FGG or piscine xenograft were randomly assigned. For unilateral sites, the piscine xenograft was used. Postoperatively, the patients returned for follow-up at 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 52 weeks. All six subjects completed the 12-month study and reported uneventful healing. On average, the xenograft sites had a 3.25-mm gain in KT width, and the FGG had an average gain of 3.67 mm. This pilot clinical series showed the piscine xenograft to be safe and efficacious during healing and to increase the width of KT. Future studies may include a more robust study design with a greater number of subjects.

Free gingival grafts vs mucosal excision in increasing the amount of keratinized mucosa during exposure of submerged orthodontic implants: a comparative, split-mouth study.

The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical outcomes after using free gingival grafts (FGGs) and mucosal excision during exposure of submerged orthodontic implants. Bilateral sites in 28 subjects were divided into two groups: In the FGG group, FGG augmentation was performed around the orthodontic implants, and in the mucosal excision group, a periosteal bed was made after mucosal excision to promote attached mucosa with no additional soft-tissue augmentation. Outcomes measured during the course of the study were the width of attached mucosa, soft tissue regrowth, degree of inflammation, oral debris, and shrinkage of the attached mucosa around the orthodontic implants over a period of 3 months. FGG was more effective in increasing the width of attached mucosa over simple excision of the mucosa alone (2.87 mm vs 1.5 mm; P = .001). In both the groups, there was minimal postoperative soft tissue regrowth over the orthodontic implants, with no statistical significance difference between them (P > .05). The AM in both the treatment modalities demonstrated significant shrinkage (44% in FGG group vs 68% in mucosal excision group; P = .001). However, sites receiving augmentation showed significantly less inflammation than sites treated with mucosal excision (0.63 vs 1.5; P = .001). There was no statistical difference in oral debri accumulation between both the treatment modalities (P = .43) at the end of study period. Over a simple mucosal excision, using a FGG results in an uninflamed and immobile band of attached mucosa around an orthodontic implant, which offers greater comfort and stability during its function.

Gingival Recession Treatment: Surgery and Chemical Compounds

The orthodontic treatment is a favouring factor for the appearance of gingival recession, especially when the teeth are moved toward buccal direction. The purpose of this study is to compare periodontal clinical parameters in patients with gingival recession following fixed orthodontic therapy, treated through two different surgical techniques: free gingival graft (FGG) and connective tissue graft with coronary advanced flap (CTG+CAF), using in both techniques a non-eugenol periodontal dressing. The study is comprised of 12 patients that have previously undertaken fixed orthodontic treatment. 44 sites were treated, 23 of which were treated through free gingival grafts (FGG � with a mean recession of 3.04�0.2mm) and 21 through epithelial-connective grafts with a coronary advanced flap (CTG + CAF � with a mean recession of 3.24�0.24mm). Sites treated with FGG obtained superior results regarding the width of keratinised tissue (p.0.0006), but recession coverage was superior for CTG+CAF (p.0002). The post-operatory discomfort was diminished by using a non-eugenol periodontal dressing, which also ensured a faster healing time.

Platelet Rich Fibrin Versus Hyaluronic Acid as palatal wound Dressings following epithelialized free gingival graft harvest: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Introduction: Patient centered outcome became of great interest nowadays. Patient’s pain and discomfort following free gingival graft procedure are common complain. Different palatal dressings are suggested to cover and protect the palatal donor site as stents, collagen gelatin scaffolds, platelet rich fibrin (PRF), hyaluronic acid (HA) and Alvogyl. However, in the literature no ideal agent has been emphasized. Objectives: This randomized controlled clinical trial compares for the first-time the effect of PRF versus HA palatal wound dressings on postoperative pain, post-surgical bleeding, and wound healing. Materials and methods: Following sample size calculation, 30 systemically healthy patients requiring palatal mucosal graft harvesting were randomized to receive either PRF or HA (intervention groups) or gelatin sponge (control group) as palatal dressings. Patient-reported visual analogue score (VAS) pain scores as primary outcome. Post-surgical bleeding and wound healing were considered as secondary outcomes. Results: VAS pain scores were reported minimal in PRF group throughout follow up intervals, PRF was statistically significant when compared to HA group at 3 and 7 days postoperative, PRF was statistically significant when compared to control group from 3 to 30 days postoperative and VAS in PRF was nearly 0 in day 14. PRF group showed the highest value of healing index during all the follow up intervals with mean 4.4 at 30 days that indicates a full healing of palatal wound area. Conclusions: Within this study’s limitations, PRF had better outcomes than both HA and gelatin sponge in means of cost, pain reduction, hemostasis and healing properties.

The effect of low-level laser therapy as an adjunct to periodontal surgery in the management of postoperative pain and wound healing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjunct to periodontal surgery in the management of postoperative pain and wound healing. An electronic search in 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and OpenGrey) was conducted for randomized clinical trials reporting the effectiveness of LLLT used as an adjunct to periodontal surgery to alleviate pain and accelerate wound healing compared with surgery alone. Finally, 13 studies were eligible and included. The results showed a significant difference of pain relief between groups at day 3 post-surgery, whereas no difference was found at day 7. Moreover, a significant reduction was observed in the mean analgesic intake during the first week in the LLLT group. On day 14, the adjunctive use of LLLT showed significantly faster re-epithelialization and better wound healing in palatal donor sites following free gingival graft procedures. Based on the results, LLLT used as an adjunct to periodontal surgery positively influenced postsurgical pain control. Low power (≤ 500mW) combined with energy density ≥ 5J/cm2 might be more appropriate for postoperative pain relief. Moreover, adjunctive LLLT to free gingival grafts could significantly accelerate wound healing of palate sites at early healing phase. Multicenter studies using different LLL parameters without postsurgical analgesics are needed to determine optimal laser settings.

SOCKET PRESERVATION- “HEALER OF THE EMPTY SOCKET”- AN OVERVIEW

Extraction is indicated when a tooth cannot be restored or maintained in acceptable conditions for function and/or esthetics. Following tooth extraction, alveolar bone loss and structural and compositional changes of the covering soft tissues, as well as morphological alterations takes place. The repair process results in marked changes in the height and width of the alveolar ridge with an average of 0.7-1.5mm of vertical and 4.0-4.5mm of horizontal bone resorption which may lead to difficulties at the time of implant placement. This lead to a technique called ‘Socket Preservation’, also known as alveolar ridge preservation. This procedure reduces bone loss after tooth extraction to preserve the tooth socket in the alveolar bone. The goal of socket preservation is maintenance or enhancement of facial, interproximal gingival contours and height of interproximal papilla. Various materials and procedures are used for socket preservation. Some of them are: connective tissue grafts, free gingival graft, biocol, alloderm, prosthetic “pontic” socket plug, autologous fibrin concentrates, GTR membranes and bone graft materials like autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplast. Thus, socket preservation at the time of extraction is one of the most significant procedures in the periodontal paradigm for maintenance of health, youth and beauty. KEYWORDS: Socket preservation, Extraction sockets, Alveolar bone remodeling, GTR, GBR.

Gingival phenotype modification therapies on natural teeth: A network meta-analysis.

The periodontal phenotype consists of the bone morphotype, the keratinized tissue (KT), and gingival thickness (GT). The latter two components, overlying the bone, constitute the gingival phenotype. Several techniques have been proposed for enhancing or augmenting KT or GT. However, how phenotype modification therapy (PMT) affects periodontal health and whether the obtained outcomes are maintained over time have not been elucidated. The aim of the present review was to summarize the available evidence in regard to the utilized approaches for gingival PMT and assess their comparative efficacy in augmenting KT, GT and in improving periodontal health using autogenous, allogenic, and xenogeneic grafting approaches. A detailed systematic search was performed to identify eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting on the changes in GT and KT (primary outcomes). The selected articles were segregated into the type of approach based on having performed a root coverage, or non-root coverage procedure. A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted for each approach to assess and compare the outcomes among different treatment arms for the primary outcomes. A total of 105 eligible RCTs were included. 95 pertaining to root coverage (3,539 treated gingival recessions [GRs]), and 10 for non-root coverage procedures (699 total treated sites). The analysis on root coverage procedures showed that all investigated techniques (the acellular dermal matrix [ADM], collagen matrix [CM], connective tissue graft [CTG]) are able to significantly increase the GT, compared with treatment with flap alone. However, KT was only significantly increased with the use of CTG or ADM. Early post-treatment GT was found to inversely predict future GR. For non-root coverage procedures, only the changes in KT could be analyzed; all investigated treatment groups (ADM, CM, free gingival graft [FGG], living cellular construct [LCC], in combination with an apically positioned flap [APF]), resulted in significantly more KT than treatment with APF alone. Additionally, the augmented GT was shown to be sustained, and KT displayed an incremental increase over time. Within its limitations, it was observed that any graft material was able to significantly enhance GT, while KT in root coverage procedures was significantly enhanced with CTG and ADM, and in non-root coverage procedures, with ADM, CM, FGG, and LCC compared with APF alone. The autogenous soft tissue graft (CTG/FGG) proved to be superior in all comparisons for both outcomes of GT and KT.

The infrared thermometry: registration of healing process of the free gingival graft

Relevance. The main aim of this article is determining the possibilities of clinical application of the infrared thermometry method in order to identify, predict and correct early complications such as ischemic and necrotic process after vestibuloplasty surgery using free gingival graft.Purpose. To determine the possibility of using the infrared thermometry method to study the regeneration processes of the mucous graft after vestibuloplasty surgery using free gingival graft.Materials and methods. 34 patients with a thin biotype and a small vestibule of the oral cavity. The vestibuloplasty was indicated. Depending on the choice of the method of surgical treatment, vestibuloplasty with/ or without free gingival graft, all patients were divided into 2 groups. And the 3rd (control) group consisted of patients with similar clinical picture for control data. Particular attention was paid to the healing process in the early postoperative period on days 1, 3, 7, 14. Patients were examined using a CEM-ThermoDiagnostics infrared thermometer.Results. The study confirmed the high clinical efficacy the both surgical methods of vestibuloplasty with/ or without free gingival graft. We did not registrate negative temperature values indicating the development of ischemic process which can lead to necrosis. We have diagnosed correlation between temperature values and clinical pictures.Conclusion. Using of IR-thermometry is an effective method for examination of the healing process after vestibuloplasty using with/ or without free gingival graft. It can show processes of revascularization of free gingival graft and examine some inflammation. This is the additional method of research, but in combination with clinical picture, it can be proposed as an accurate criterion for predicting early ischemic complications.

Comparison of Free Gingival Graft and Gingival Unit Graft for Treatment of Gingival Recession: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the use of gingival unit graft (GUG) with free gingival graft (FGG) for treating wide gingival recession and increasing keratinized tissue. This randomized controlled trial with a split-mouth design included 30 localized bilateral recessions (Miller Classes I and II) that were randomly treated with GUG or FGG. Both grafts were fixed by cyanoacrylate glue. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, vertical recession depth, and keratinized tissue width were recorded at baseline and 1 and 6 months after surgery. The postoperative mean percentage of root coverage at 1 and 6 months was better on GUG side, and KTW significantly increased on the same side 1 month after surgery (P < .05). GUG might be an acceptable modality for increasing keratinized tissue and treating recession.

Free gingival grafts for implants exhibiting a lack of keratinized mucosa: Extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

This study is an extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial that evaluated 18-month outcomes following free gingival grafts (FGGs) around implants with <2mm keratinized mucosa (KM) compared to implants without KM augmentation. Follow-up data were obtained over 48months from 18 implants in the FGG group (11 subjects) and 8 implants in the no-surgery group (7 subjects) within the control group. FGGs were performed after 18months for 8 implants in the control group; these 8 implants constituted a delayed FGG group (5 subjects). The width of KM, mucosal recession (MR) and crestal bone level (CBL) were obtained. The increased width of KM and the reduced MR following FGGs were maintained for 48months in the FGG group, which exhibited less MR than the no-surgery group. The amount of crestal bone loss (0.4±0.4mm) in the no-surgery group was significantly greater than that in the FGG group (0±0.4mm) at 48months. In the delayed FGG group, reduced MR and no significant differences in CBL were observed compared with the pre-graft measurements. FGGs can be a practical treatment option to maintain CBL around implants with limited KM.

Alvogyl and absorbable gelatin sponge as palatal wound dressings following epithelialized free gingival graft harvest: a randomized clinical trial.

This randomized controlled trial compares for the first time effects of Alvogyl versus absorbable gelatin sponge as palatal wound dressings on postoperative pain, amount of analgesic consumption, post-surgical bleeding, and wound re-epithelization. Following sample size calculation, 36 systemically healthy patients requiring palatal mucosal graft harvesting were randomized to receive Alvogyl (intervention group, 18 patients) or absorbable gelatin sponge (control group, 18 patients) palatal dressings. Patient-reported VAS pain scores over 2weeks were defined as primary outcome. Post-surgical bleeding, number of analgesics consumed, and complete re-epithelialization of the palatal wound for up to 5weeks were defined as secondary outcomes. Although significantly higher VAS pain scores were reported in the control as compared with the intervention group up to 12days post-surgically (from (median [range]) 8.5 [2-10] to 1 [0-2] and from 6 [0-10] to 0 [0-2] respectively), with higher analgesics consumption (from 2 [1-3] to 1 [0-3] and from 1 [0-3] to 0 [0-2] tablets respectively), a multivariate regression analysis considering age, gender, graft width/length, tissue thickness, analgesics intake, and dressing type demonstrated no statistically significant effect of any factor, including dressing type on VAS pain scores. At 4weeks, 22.2% of patients in the intervention group versus 11.1% in the control group demonstrated complete re-epithelization of their palatal engraftment site, before complete re-epithelization in both groups at 5weeks. No post-surgical bleeding was reported with both dressings. Within the study's limitations, results suggest Alvogyl as a practical palatal surgical dressing, comparable with absorbable gelatin sponge in cost, pain reduction, hemostasis, and re-epithelization properties. www.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03402321 CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Alvogyl could present a novel palatal wound dressing material, comparable with gelatin sponge.

The Efficacy of De-epithelialized Free Gingival Graft on Treatment of Multiple Gingival Recessions With Tunnel Technique

The Efficacy of De-epithelialized Free Gingival Graft on Treatment of Multiple Gingival Recessions With Tunnel Technique

Evaluation of the Effect of Hyaluronic Acid Application on the Vascularization of Free Gingival Graft for Both Donor and Recipient Sites with Laser Doppler Flowmetry: A Randomized, Examiner-Blinded, Controlled Clinical Trial.

This study aimed to evaluate with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) the effect of topical hyaluronic acid (HA) application on the vascularization of free gingival graft (FGG) donor and recipient sites during the early wound healing period and to investigate the effect of HA application on the dimensional change of the FGG. Forty systemically healthy, nonsmoking patients who required FGG due to insufficient amount of attached gingiva in a partial edentulism were randomly assigned to a study group: test (FGG+HA) or control (FGG alone). The LDF values of the donor and recipient sites were measured in both groups before the operation and at 4, 7, 10, 14, and 30 postoperative days. LDF measurement of the graft was performed as soon as the graft was taken from the palatal site. FGG dimensions (width, height, and thickness) were assessed and recorded at baseline and on day 30, as well as the percentage of the changes in these values. LDF values of the recipient site in the FGG+HA group were found to be statistically higher than those in the control group on days 4 and 7 (P = .013 and P = .020, respectively); however, no differences were found for days 10, 14, and 30. Additionally, no differences were found for the LDF values of the palatal site between the FGG+HA and control groups (P > .05) at all examined time points. The height of the graft measured on day 30 was statistically higher in the FGG+HA than the control group (P < .001). The percentage change in thickness and height of the FGG was statistically lower in the FGG+HA than control group (P = .028 and P < .001, respectively). Application of HA on the recipient bed under the FGG at the first week of healing allows the formation of a well-vascularized layer, which acts as a barrier against tissue tensions by functioning as a scaffold between the recipient bed and FGG, thus reducing the shrinkage of the graft, especially in the vertical direction. This study further showed that the graft taken from the donor site had a remaining blood perfusion value of its own.

Effect of A-PRF Application on Palatal Wound Healing after Free Gingival Graft Harvesting: A Prospective Randomized Study.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the healing effect of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) clot membranes in palatal wounds, resulting from free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting, on the reepithelization rate and on the pain experience after surgery. Materials and Methods Twenty-five patients requiring FGG have participated in this prospective cohort study. After FGG harvesting, the test group ( n = 14) received A-PRF clot membranes at the palatal wound and the control group ( n = 11) received a gelatin sponge. Epithelialization rate of the palatal wound, wound healing area, correspondent percentage of reduction, and postsurgical pain experience were assessed at 2, 7, 14, 30, and 90 days. Results A-PRF group had higher palatal wound reduction than the control group, at 7, 14, and 30 days of follow-up. The highest difference between the groups was attained at 30 days (91.5% for A-PRF vs. 59.0% control group). At 14 days, a significant difference in the proportion of patients showing total epithelization was found: 64.3% for A-PRF versus 9.1% for the control group. At 90 days, both groups showed total recovery. The control group experienced higher pain level and discomfort until the 14th day, being notably higher on the second day. Conclusion The results suggest that A-PRF membranes haste the healing process, and promote greater reduction along the recovery period and less painful postoperative period.

Quality of free gingival graft content in youtube videos: Usability in patient information and student education.

The aim of our study is to evaluate the usability of the Free Gingival Graft (FGG) procedure, which is included in YouTube videos, in both patient information and student education. A search was performed on YouTube on December 1, in 2022, using the search term ''Free Gingival Graft''. First 150 videos were pre-evaluated, and 67 videos were included in the study. The length of the videos, the number of views, the number of likes, the presence of animation and the number of months after uploading were evaluated. The quality of the videos was evaluated and analyzed with The Global Quality Score (GQS), Usefulness Score (US) and The Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) scores. A positive correlation was found between viewer interaction, video duration and quality scores. The median values of the quality scores were 2 for the GQS, 2 for the JAMA score and 1 for the Usefulness score. The level of quality scores was found to be insufficient (poor quality). There is a high level, positive and statistically significant correlation between the GQS and the Usefulness score (r=0.858 and p<0.001). YouTube videos containing the FGG procedure were found to be insufficient for both student education and patient information purposes.

Comparative analysis of methods to increase the amount of keratinized mucosa before stage-two surgery: a randomized controlled study.

The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the outcomes of the use of free gingival graft (FGG), of a collagen matrix and of vestibuloplasty to increase the amount of keratinized attached mucosa (KM) before healing abutment placement. The study was a randomized, parallel-group controlled investigation. All patients were treated to increase the KM width before placement of implant-supported prostheses. The implants were placed 3 to 6 months before the interventions. Three techniques were tested: an apically positioned flap (control group), FGG (test group 1), and use of a collagen matrix (test group 2). Biopsy was performed during healing abutment placement by means of a mucotome. A total of 63 patients were recruited and treated, and 58 were available for follow-up visits. After 4 weeks, the KM width gain was 1.93 ± 0.85 mm, 4.85 ± 1.11 mm, and 3.03 ± 0.58 mm, respectively, for control group, test group 1, and test group 2. Postoperative pain was significantly higher in the FGG group than in the others. Edema and hyperemia decreased gradually during the first week without significant differences among groups. Despite the limitations of the study, it was found that FGG was the most effective technique to augment the amount of KM in sites of implant placement. The use of a collagen matrix could be a viable alternative to diminish the intervention's impact on patients' postoperative quality of life.

Evaluating the long-term patient satisfaction, esthetic harmony, and creeping attachment levels in patients treated with gingival augmentation surgery: A retrospective study

Objective: Free gingival grafts (FGGs) are commonly used for increasing the keratinized tissue and root coverage in gingival recessions (GRs). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term patient satisfaction ratings, esthetic adaptation of graft, and creeping attachment (CA) levels after FGG surgery. Methods: Thirty-five surgical areas from thirty patients with Miller Class I, II, and III GRs were included in the study. GRs were treated with FGGs, and palatal donor area was covered with the same surgical pack in all patients. Gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth, plaque index (PI), vertical and horizontal GRs (VGR and HGR, respectively), keratinized gingiva width (KGW), keratinized gingiva thickness (KGT), CA, evaluating the esthetic harmony with modified Manchester Scar Scale (mMSS), and patient satisfactory ratings were collected at the 1st month, 6th month, and 5th year control. Descriptive statistical methods as well as distribution of the data were evaluated by the Shapiro–Wilk test, the Friedman test was used in comparison of three and more dependent groups, and the Wilcoxon test was used in comparison of two dependent groups. Results: The mean follow-up period was 76.91 ± 7.60 months. The last control measurements of clinical parameters such as GI, PI, BoP, VGR, HGR, and mMSS measurements were statistically significantly lower than the baseline and 1st-month measurements (P

Management of inadequate keratinized gingiva and millers class III or IV gingival recession using two-stage free gingival graft procedure.

Background:Prognosis in the management of Millers Class III or IV gingival recession is often fair to poor, which is further decreased by factors such as inadequate keratinized gingiva. Very few modalities show long-term success in the management of gingival recession with inadequate keratinized gingiva, free gingival graft (FGG) being one such technique.Materials and Methods:Ten individuals with Millers Class III or IV recession and inadequate keratinized gingiva were recruited for the study. The first surgical procedure involved the FGG procedure to increase the width of keratinized gingiva (WOKG). Patients were recalled after 3 months for the second surgical procedure, where the flap was coronally advanced. They were recalled 9 months after the second surgery. WOKG was examined at baseline and 3 months (before the second surgical procedure). Recession depth (RD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) was examined at baseline, at 3 months (before the second surgical procedure) and at 12 months (9 months after the second surgical procedure). The percentage of root coverage was measured at 12 months from baseline.Results:Significant increase in WOKG was seen at 3 months. Significant decrease in RD and CAL was observed at 12 months from baseline. The percentage of root coverage was 76.4%.Conclusion:Two-stage FGG procedure can be a successful modality in the management of Millers Class III or IV recession with inadequate keratinized gingiva. This technique improves the prognosis of such compromised cases.

Evaluation of the effect of oxidized gelatin sponge on pain level in the donor area in free gingival graft operations

Aim: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of Oxidized Gelatin Sponge (OGS) usage in the donor site on pain during the post-operation period through the VAS form administered to the patients.Material and Methods: The study was carried out by using the VAS forms filled in on the 2nd and 7th days following the operation by the 34 patients who had undergone Free Gingival Graft (FGG) operation performed by the same periodontologist in the Faculty of Dentistry, Harran University, Turkey. The information on whether the wound that formed in the donor site was packed primarily and, if packed, what material was used was obtained from the periodontologist who treated the patients. As a result of these assessments, the patients whose donor sites were left to heal by secondary intention were categorized as the control group and those whose wounds were packed with OGS as the experimental group.Results: When the VAS scores of the 22 patients, 14 of whom were female and 8 males, were examined, no statistically significant difference between females and males was determined (p 0.05). While the 2nd and 7th day VAS value averages of the patients whose donor sites were left to heal by secondary intention were 5.71±0.88 and 2.82±0.62 respectively, these averages in the group whose donor sites were packed with OGS were determined to be 3.88±0.95 and 1.67±0.80 respectively. In addition, when the 2nd and 7th day VAS value averages of the two groups were compared, no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusion: It was concluded that packing the donor site with OGS following the FGG operations does not have an impact on the intensity of post-operation pain felt by the patients.

Clinical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid Topical Application on Free Gingival Graft Healing and Dimensional Changes

Clinical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid Topical Application on Free Gingival Graft Healing and Dimensional Changes