FREE Full Text Research Articles

2483 Hyponatremia In elderly: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance caused by serum sodium level of less than 135 mmol/L, prevailing 15 and 30% among hospitalised patients. Methods PRISMA guidelines were followed for this study. Pubmed was searched with the search term: (hyponatremia) AND (treatment OR control OR management [MeSH]) AND (elderly [MeSH]) with filters, timeline: 2000 to 21/07/2023, free full text articles and human species. Data extraction was done using Covidence app and depicted in PRISMA Flow diagram. Quality assessment was done by Cochrane Risk of Bias version 1. Odd’s ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated for dichotomous outcomes. Mantel–Haenszel statistical method along with random effects model was used. Cochrane Q test was employed and I2 index was computed. Forest and Funnel plots were plotted. The analysis was done by Cochrane Review Manager. Results Out of 3222 results, 9 studies were included with total 980 patients. Eight were of vaptans and 1 of empagliflozin. Three studies had low risk of bias and were included in meta-analysis. Mean age and BMI were 70.55(SD = 14.5) years and 24.73(SD = 3.95) kg/m2 respectively. Most frequently occuring aetiology, comorbidity and symptom were congestive heart failure, hypertension and fatigue/malaise respectively. Mean baseline serum sodium was 124.89 mmol/L and mean rise was 9.142 mmol/L. Meta-analysis showed that placebo was significantly associated with achieving normonatremia as compared to treatment group (OR = 2.5, 95%CI:1.54,4.04, p = 0.0002,I2 = 0%). The most frequent reported side effects were nausea, dry mouth, pyrexia and thirst. Side effects both mild/moderate (OR = 1.12, 95%CI:0.69,1.81, p = 0.65, I2 = 0%) and serious (OR = 1.51, 95%CI: 0.77,2.98, p = 0.23, I2 = 0%) showed no difference between treatment and placebo groups. Treatment was not associated with rapid risk of overcorrection (OR = 1.65, 95% CI:0.57,4.81, p = 0.36, I2 = 0%). None showed osmotic demyelination syndrome. Conclusion We conclude that vaptans and Empagliflozin, although safe, show limited efficacy in hyponatremia treatment. Reference 1. Zhang X, Li XY. Eur Geriatr Med. 2020;11(4):685–692.

Literacy among tobacco users and healthcare professionals about tobacco harm reduction strategies: a scoping review protocol

ObjectiveThe proposed review identifies and describes the extent of Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) strategies in Pakistan. It also examines the awareness and understanding of these strategies among healthcare professionals and tobacco users in Pakistan.IntroductionTobacco consumption poses a significant threat to human health and is a leading cause of non-communicable diseases. Over the last two decades, the prevalence of tobacco use has increased in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), which has considerably contributed to the increasing prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Tobacco is consumed in various forms, including manufactured cigarettes, hookah/shisha, chewing tobacco, and dipping tobacco. Tobacco use can be reduced and prevented through various strategies adopted by many countries worldwide. One prominent strategy is THR. THR involves the use of safer nicotine products in recommended doses to cope with the symptoms of withdrawal and increase tobacco users’ chances of quitting smoking. In Pakistan, the concept of tobacco harm reduction (THR) is not widely recognized by healthcare professionals and tobacco users.Inclusion and exclusion criteriaLiterature available on Pakistani adults and adolescents (aged 13 years and above) will be included. Literature available as free full text will be included regardless of the publication date. Furthermore, literature available in English or Urdu will be considered eligible. Also, literature available in any form of publication, such as research studies, reviews, organizational websites or blogs, will be considered eligible. Literature that includes Pakistani data mixed with data from any other country will be excluded.MethodsThe literature search will use PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest Theses & Dissertations, EBSCO Dentistry and Oral Sciences, and PsycInfo databases for online and gray literature. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram will record the included and excluded literature. Two independent reviewers will screen all the retrieved literature. After confirming the eligibility criteria, data from included records will be extracted on an Excel sheet that will record the important characteristics of the literature source and the main findings. Meta-synthesis of collated data will be performed, and the results will be presented as narrative summaries and frequency tables.Systematic review registrationhttps://osf.io/dashboard.

The Current Status of Virtual Autopsy Using Combined Imaging Modalities: A Scoping Review

Background/Objectives: Virtual autopsy (virtopsy) is a new domain of research for interdisciplinary teams of radiologists and forensic specialists. This scoping review aims to underline the current state-of-the-art research using combined imaging modalities. Methods: We searched the PubMed database using the term virtopsy for articles that are available in free full text, indexed in the Medline Database, and published in English. The query returned 49 articles on this subject that have been published since 2002. Results: The main imaging modalities used for postmortem imaging were computed tomography (PMCT), angiography (PMCTA), magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI), and ultrasonography (PMUS). PMCT is highly effective for detecting complex osseous injuries, tracing bullet trajectories, or identifying characteristic findings in drowning cases. PMCTA is valuable for evaluating vascular lesions, particularly in natural death cases. PMMRI is superior in analyzing soft tissues, including brain and spinal structures, cerebrospinal fluid, microbleeds, and laryngohyoid lesions, and identifying cardiomyopathies in young individuals. PMUS serves as an alternative, and its portability also allows for use in forensic settings. One specific situation observed was the increased number of studies published about virtopsy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Another aspect is the increased focus on this alternative to conventional autopsy in the regions where maneuvering of the deceased is limited according to cultural and social customs. Conclusions: We underline the advantages and limitations of each imaging modality used for virtopsy. Further studies need to be developed in order to gather supplementary data regarding the use of these imaging modalities in the new era of artificial intelligence in medicine.

TRATAMENTO PARA EPILEPSIA COM USO DE CANABIDIOL

Dravet syndrome (DS), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are extremely serious diseases present in the central nervous system that cause epileptic seizures that are refractory to conventional medications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the effectiveness and the need for expanding studies and government measures on the use of medicinal cannabis as an alternative treatment for refractory epileptic seizures. The PubMed and BVS databases were used with the descriptors “Treatment”, “Epilepsy”, “Cannabidiol”, and the inclusion criteria used were articles published between 2021 and 2024, free full text and clinical trial type; duplicate articles and off-topic articles were excluded. After reading the articles and using the criteria, a total of 22 articles were kept, and it was observed that the main medication currently used for refractory epileptic seizures is Epidiolex, which has the active component cannabidiol in its formulation, being very beneficial for the syndromes mentioned in the pediatric population. However, it is still possible to observe that there is a high cost of this medication and a lack of accessibility. Thus, correlated with the complicated demands of legal filings, which are quite evident factors, especially in Brazil. Therefore, new studies and government measures are necessary, so that treatment with cannabidiol is recommended.

Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Some Plants of Genus Alpinia: Insights from In Vitro, In Vivo, and Human Studies.

This narrative review intends to provide thorough information on the anti-inflammatory activities of Alpinia plants, the largest genus of the family Zingiberaceae. The articles were searched on the PubMed database using 'Alpinia AND anti-inflammatory activity' as the keywords, filtered to articles published from 2020 to 2024 and free full-text. Of the approximately 248 members of the genus Alpinia plants, the most commonly studied for their anti-inflammatory activities are A. galanga, A. officinarum, A. zerumbet, and A. oxyphylla. Only A. galanga, A. officinarum, and A. zerumbet have been studied in humans. Studies in animal models revealed that the plants contributed as exogenous antioxidants, reduced proinflammatory cytokines, inhibited proinflammatory enzymes, improved gastric acid and gastrointestinal motility, and promoted ulcer healing. The terpenoids, flavonoids (such as kaempferol, quercetin, and galangin), and diarylheptanoids obtained from the rhizomes of these plants may crucially play important roles in their anti-inflammatory activities. These plants did not show toxicity toward numerous normal cell lines (RAW 264.7, IEC-6, HepG2, MT-4, NIH-3T3, Vero cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and HaCaT) but were toxic to cancer cell lines (HT29). In humans, A. galanga was studied for its effects as psychostimulants improving mental health, improving sperm motility, and erectile dysfunction. Similarly, A. officinarum could improve sperm morphology and idiopathic infertility, whereas A. zerumbet worked as a cardio-myorelaxant in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Obesitas pada Remaja

Obesity that occurs in adolescents can occur due to many things, both genetically and also to other external factors. The health problems that result from obesity were varied, and the worse is that it could lead to heart disease which could lead to sudden death. Therefore, it was necessary to have information on what factors were the causes of obesity in children. The purpose of this review article was to determine the factors that cause obesity in children. The method used in this study is the Literature Review method, namely by collecting secondary data from articles or research that has been done previously related to obesity. Search for the required data using the Garuda database, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The key words used in the literacy search were obesity, youth. The obesity factor AND adolescent AND obesity factors. There were inclusion criteria set in determining the desired literature, namely the object in the research is a teenager, free full text, in Indonesian or English, registered in a scientific journal. Based on the results of the analysis of the literature reviewed, it was found that there are factors that can influence obesity in adolescents, namely: lack of physical activity, often consuming fast food, not having breakfast, lack of knowledge about nutrition, parental income as a supporting factor, and parental genetic factors.

Benefits of Mediterranean and Japanese Diets among Nurses: A Scoping Literature Review.

The present study aimed at all the benefits induced by taking the Mediterranean or Japanese diet among nurses and whether any beneficial differences in intakes between the two diets were considered. The author searched PubMed and Embase databases for medical subheadings terms and free full text referring to "Diet," "Mediterranean," "Japanese," and "Nurses" before 31st December 2022. A total of 14 studies were included in this scoping review, which better underlined all the benefits implicated in the Mediterranean or Japanese diets assumption and also if there were any differences between the two diets. These eating behaviors were exclusively investigated among nurses. The nursing profession has always been considered the most stressful healthcare activity. However, some important concerns in the regular lifestyle, such as eating and physical activity, might help to live better.

Gold and Gold Alloys Electropolishing in Choline Chloride-Glycerol Deep Eutectic Solvents

Electropolishing is a finishing technique used to reduce the roughness of metallic surfaces while enhancing their brightness. Based on anodic dissolution, this process enables the treatment of parts with complex geometries and reduces processing time compared to conventional mechanical finishing methods.Concerning precious metals, the use of electrolytes containing cyanides and other toxic compounds reduces EP’s attractiveness from an industrial standpoint. A further challenge lies in the difficulty of dissolving alloy elements in a homogeneous way1. It often requires the adjustment of operating parameters or even of the electrolyte composition for each alloy. In addition, the underlying mechanisms that govern the process are not fully understood, making it more difficult to scale up. As a result, it has become essential to explore high-performance electrolyte solutions while complying with environmental and health safety standards.Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) are emerging as a good alternative for the chemical2 and electrochemical3 dissolution of metals. Their advantages include an extended electrochemical window compared with aqueous electrolytes, non-toxicity, and moderate cost3,4. They have already demonstrated their effectiveness on a wide selection of metals, including silver5 and copper3, elements often present in gold alloys.This work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of choline chloride-based DESs in the electropolishing process of 18K gold alloys. Their performance will be assessed in terms of roughness reduction, brightness enhancement and color preservation, all characteristics associated with the presence of uniform dissolution. The electrochemical mechanisms involved will also be examined.(1) Rodriguez J. ; Doche M-L ; Hihn J-Y ; Electropolishing of gold and gold alloys in HCl-glycerol-ethanol electrolytes App. Surf. Sci. Adv. 21(2024) 100604 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100604(2) Jenkin, G. R. T.; Al-Bassam, A. Z. M.; Harris, R. C.; Abbott, A. P.; Smith, D. J.; Holwell, D. A.; Chapman, R. J.; Stanley, C. J. The Application of Deep Eutectic Solvent Ionic Liquids for Environmentally-Friendly Dissolution and Recovery of Precious Metals. Miner. Eng. 2016, 87, 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.09.026.(3) Lebedeva, O. Metals | Free Full-Text | Advantages of Electrochemical Polishing of Metals and Alloys in Ionic Liquids. Metals 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11060959.(4) Sánchez-Ortiz, W.; Aldana-González, J.; Manh, T. L.; Romero-Romo, M.; Mejía-Caballero, I.; Ramírez-Silva, M. T.; Arce-Estrada, E. M.; Mugica-Álvarez, V.; Palomar-Pardavé, M. A Deep Eutectic Solvent as Leaching Agent and Electrolytic Bath for Silver Recovery from Spent Silver Oxide Batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2021, 168 (1), 016508. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abdb01.(5) Loftis, J. D.; Abdel-Fattah, T. M. Nanoscale Electropolishing of High-Purity Silver with a Deep Eutectic Solvent. Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2016, 511, 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.09.013. Figure 1

Beyond Hormones: A Systematic Review of the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy among women in the reproductive age group. PCOS is defined by the Rotterdam criteria, which include hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. The common symptoms are irregular or absent periods, acne, hirsutism, and alopecia androgenica. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome is seen among women with PCOS, which increases cardiovascular risk (CVR). Insulin resistance (IR), being most common in PCOS, is often seen in patients with obesity. IR and obesity induce chronic low-grade inflammation in PCOS, increasing various inflammatory markers. Increase in the parameters of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C- reactive protein (CRP), plasminogen, endothelin-1, fibrinogen, cystatin-C, fetuin B, vascular endothelial growth factor, and endostatin levels have been documented in the PCOS-affected women. Microbiota alteration is also seen in this demographic, which increases metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). TMAO, because of its pro-atherosclerotic activity, is linked to an increase in CVR. In this systematic review, we intended to discover the causes and factors that lead to increased CVR in women diagnosed with PCOS. This systematic review used PubMed, regular keywords, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria included the human female population of all ages and literature available in the English language in free full text published between the years 2019 and 2024. The exclusion criteria included research involving animals, works published before 2019, articles written in a language other than English, and articles not publicly available. A total of 89 articles were identified, and 8 final articles were selected after quality assessment.

The Impact of HPV Vaccination on Cervical Cancer in adolescent females: A narrative review.

To effectively prevent cervical cancer, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality among women, widespread adoption of the HPV vaccine has a well-established link to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV vaccine must be the vaccine's effectiveness in reducing HPV infections, and subsequent cervical lesions have been extensively demonstrated, marking a pivotal milestone in public health. Important research highlights the vaccine's safety profile, allaying worries and promoting trust in its application. By targeting HPV strains responsible for a majority of cervical cancer cases, vaccination emerges as a strategic intervention to curb the burden of this malignancy. The strategy is used to search PubMed and Google Scholar, with only free full-text and English language study included. However, addressing existing misconceptions and ensuring equitable vaccine access remains imperative. Informed decision making is pivotal, necessitating comprehensive public health initiatives that educate communities about the vaccine's benefits. Encouragingly, successful vaccination programs in various regions have demonstrated tangible reductions in HPV prevalence and cervical cancer incidence. This review concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for global collaboration to integrate HPV vaccination into routine immunization schedules, thereby fortifying the collective effort to mitigate cervical cancer's impact. As a cost-effective, evidence-based strategy, widespread HPV vaccination stands as a linchpin in the ongoing battle against cervical cancer, promising a healthier future for women worldwide.

Spiritual Aspects of Pregnancy and Childbirth Based on an Islamic Perspective

A midwife adheres to a philosophy and has the belief that all human beings are unique bio-psycho- socio-cultural and spiritual beings who are a complete physical and spiritual entity and no two individuals are the same. The physical, psychological and spiritual synergy that is built during pregnancy has a significant impact on the outcome of labor. The role of religion as spirituality in this case maintaining human relations with the greatest power of Allah SWT, is an entity that cannot be negated in the management of pregnancy and childbirth care. Spirituality strongly affects Muslim women's behavior in caring for their pregnancy. The aim of this literature review study is to determine the effect of spiritual aspects on pregnancy and childbirth. Searches for qualitative and quantitative research published in peer reviewed journals were carried out through the PubMed, Elsevier and Google Scholar databases using a combination of the search terms "spiritual", "pregnancy", "childbirth" and "Islam" which were searched systematically. Publications selected for the final review covered a variety of research designs including experimental, case-control, phenomenological, cross-sectional, and ethnographic studies published between 2010 and 2022 and free full text articles, resulting in a final data set that included 15 studies. A spiritual approach to pregnancy has been shown to reduce stress in high-risk pregnancies and support normal delivery. Spirituality is a power from God that makes a woman confident about her health during pregnancy and childbirth and prevents excessive anxiety. A midwife should provide midwifery care holistically by paying attention to physical, mental, spiritual and social aspects in order to achieve optimal health and well-being. Attending to women's spiritual experiences during childbearing is an important way to enhance care.

ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICAS DA DOENÇA DO REFLUXO GASTROESOFÁGICO: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

Objectives: conduct na updated review of Options available in GERD’s treatment, discussing possible problems of chronic use of PPI’s, especially in elderly and identifying correct indications for interventional approaches. Methods: search for scientific publications, from march to october 2024, using health descriptors, in databases PubMed, BVS, Elsevier, LILACS, BIREME, Google Academic and SciELO. Articles with free full texts were selected, in portuguese, english and spanish languages, published between 2010 and 2024. Results: 24 articles found were eligible and became the final sample as they met the proposed objectives. Conclusion: behavioral measures are importante, but there are still obstacles that prevent adherence. PPIs are effective, but can be harmful. PCABs seem to have more benefits. In surgical treatment, fundoplication is preferred over open surgery.

Can ChatGPT affect health literacy?

Abstract Background ChatGPT is a large language model based on artificial intelligence, which nowadays finds application in various fields, including medicine. Objectives To investigate the usefulness of ChatGPT related to health literacy and to highlight its potential limitations. Methods We searched PubMed/MEDLINE for published research and articles that reviewed ChatGPT in the context of health literacy, written in English over the past five years with free full text access. All original articles were screened. Results A total of 53 publications were found. Twenty-five publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Most of the works presented a positive opinion towards the use of ChatGPT. The authors of six articles believe that ChatGPT generates more readable papers, while four of them believe the opposite. In four articles authors found out possibility to simplify text. The negative sides relate to the possibly insufficient education of users, the accuracy of the information, potential bias, dependence on the outdated data, and the ethical problem of the real authors not being cited, and therefore not recognized for their work. Conclusions According to the conducted research, ChatGPT represents an opportunity to improve health literacy by generating accessible and comprehensible information about health. It has also been shown to improve the readability and accessibility of public education materials on selected health topics. Furthermore, while AI models like ChatGPT can serve as a reliable source of health information, they should be used as an addition to professional medical consultation, and not as a standalone advice service. Key messages • ChatGPT represents an opportunity to improve health literacy. • AI models like ChatGPT can serve as a reliable source of health information, but they should be used as an addition to professional medical consultation, and not as a standalone advice service.

The effect of rising e-cigarette usage among young people on public health and physical activity

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes/ENDS) are regarded by many as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes. This article will present a review of the current knowledge regarding the effects and impact of electronic cigarettes on health and the risk of addiction in adolescents. Methods: We selected articles with an unlimited search period in several databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and the websites of the Polish government. Only articles with free full text were included in the review. There were no restrictions based on article type. Conclusions: The increasing consumption of e-cigarettes (ENDS) among young people in Poland is emerging as a significant public health concern. The high addictive potential of nicotine, coupled with the toxicity of aerosols and the multitude of ways in which manufacturers make their products more appealing, gives rise to the risk of an increase in future patients with impaired performance in sports, and consequently with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as the necessity to combat addiction. Reducing and preventing the use of tobacco products by children and adolescents represents one of the most significant challenges currently facing the public health sector in Poland.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids in sport

Introduction and objective Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are a group of doping substances. They cause muscle hypertrophy and an increase in strength. Moreover, they may lead to dangerous side effects. Knowledge of the side effects of AAS use is necessary because in clinical practice we often encounter patients who decide to supplement with steroids. The aim of the study is to present information on the epidemiology, mechanism of action, methods of detecting AAS, the impact of the substance on the male and female body, and a description of organ side effects, highlighting: the cardiovascular system, the nervous system and the psyche. Review methods Literature search was conducted in the PubMed database with inclusion criteria ‘free full texts’ and publications date between 2015 – 2024. A total of 7272 results were found; 30 publications were ultimately included in the review. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge Overusing AAS is very popular among people training at the gym. They have an anabolic effect on muscle tissue. They contribute to infertility in men and masculinization in women. Stimulation of androgen receptors above physiological doses of AAS leads to vascular changes that, in extreme cases, may lead to sudden cardiac death. Moreover, they accelerate brain aging. An increase in aggression and risky sexual behavior has been observed among people using doping. The diagnostic material used in anti-doping tests is urine and blood serum. Summary AAS abuse is a serious public health problem. Men who want to improve their figure and decide to use doping are particularly at risk. Due to the easy availability of steroids, society should be made aware of the negative effects of steroid use.

A Scoping Review: Unveiling the Benefits of ACF on Tuberculosis Control

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) ranks among the top ten infectious diseases and causes of death worldwide. The implementation of active case-finding TV is crucial in achieving the objectives of the World Health Organization’s End TB strategy. Aims: This review aims to determine the role of active case finding in TB control in a community with high-burden TB. Methods: This review used databases Pubmed, Research Gate, Ebscohost, Science Direct, and Scopus. The search for articles used the main keywords community, active case finding, AND tuberculosis. The articles were selected in English, with a five-year time interval between 2019 to 2023. The type of article subject area included medicine, health, health care, environmental science, and social science. The documents were from journals and articles. The text availability was free full text. Results: This review was done on 3.561 articles that were screened and analyzed out of 6 articles. The articles were originated from Cambodia, China, India, and Africa. This scoping review describes the effect of ACF in the community on TB control (cohorts and cross-sectional) in high-burden TB. Results from 5 articles including 6 studies indicated that ACF in the community was significantly associated with TB control. One of the studies revealed that studies in which ACF reported a non-significant association. Conclusion: This review summarized that ACF provides greater benefits than the PCF strategy, especially in high-risk populations and those with limited access to healthcare facilities. It promotes prompt diagnosis and treatment improves treatment outcomes, minimizes health complications, and reduces the social and economic impact of TB.

Challenges and recommendations in the implementation of audiovisual telemedicine communication: a systematic review.

This systematic review aims to identify the elements of doctor-patient communication in telemedicine, emerging challenges, and proposed recommendations. Four databases, including Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane, and ProQuest, were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The inclusion criteria consisted of original research papers, availability of free full text, and publications during the past 10 years. A total of 13 articles completed the selection process and satisfied the established criteria. The issues and recommendations of telemedicine communication were categorized into three distinct groups: pre-consultation, during-consultation, and post-consultation. Preparation encompasses the arranging of visual elements, safeguarding patient privacy and confidentiality, and addressing any technical challenges that may arise. The consultation encompasses nonverbal behavior, empathy, the doctor-patient connection, and a physical examination. Post-telemedicine consultations refer to medical appointments that occur after a telemedicine session, typically involving follow-up medical interactions. Telemedicine presents unique challenges in doctor-patient consultations that differ from face-to-face interactions. Therefore, clinicians must acquire communication skills specific to telemedicine to ensure effective consultations and achieve optimal health results.

The Effect of Cognitive Therapy on Psychosis Clients with Suicide Risk: Literature Review

Psychosis is a mental or psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, chaotic behavior, and accompanied by poor insight. A systematic review and meta-analysis study showed that individuals with a diagnosis of psychosis have a high prevalence of suicide. One of the psychotherapies given to psychosis clients with suicide risk is cognitive therapy (CT). Objective: To determine the effect of cognitive therapy (CT) on psychosis clients with suicide risk Articles discussed in this literature review were obtained through article searches in electronic journal databases, namely Science Direct, ProQuest, Wiley Online Library, EBSCOhost, Sage Journals, and ClinicalKey. The inclusion criteria of this journal review were human studies, English, and free fulltext. The results showed that CT in clients at risk of suicide has a significant effect in reducing suicide risk through mechanisms to correct thought distortions and build positive thoughts and beliefs to produce adaptive coping mechanisms. This study has implications for the importance of applying cognitive therapy as part of psychotherapeutic interventions for clients with psychosis who are at risk of suicide. This therapy not only helps reduce symptoms associated with psychosis, but also plays a role in reducing suicidal tendencies by correcting maladaptive thoughts and beliefs.

Prevention and management of rebound pain after resolution of regional block: a systematic review.

An extreme pain known as rebound pain develops after regional blockage wears off. Patient, surgical, and anesthesia-related factors influence the occurrence and intensity of rebound pain. Prior to the peripheral nerve block (PNB) being resolved, multimodal therapy should use. The objective of this review was to explore rebound pain prevention and management following PNB resolution. We conducted a thorough search across Pub Med, Hinari, Google Scholar, and Cochrane review databases, utilizing relevant keywords and search parameters to identify studies meeting our inclusion criteria. These studies aimed to provide sufficient evidence regarding the prevention and management of rebound pain following the resolution of regional blocks. Duplicate entries were removed using Endnote software. Screening of the literature was performed using a rigorous appraisal checklist. The findings of this review are reported in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Using an electronic search, 3526 items were found from databases and websites. After removing duplicates (n=500), 3026 articles remained. Of these, 2813 were excluded after going through their titles and abstracts. Of the 213 articles screened, 126 were removed for such reasons as ineligibility or similarity in objectives. Of the remaining 87 studies, 37 were excluded for such reasons as the inaccessibility of free full texts. Finally, 50 studies were included for review. Proper patient education about rebound pain, combined with the utilization of multimodal systemic analgesia before the resolution of PNBs, perineural dexamethasone, and employing a combination of nerve blocks, has been demonstrated to decrease the incidence of rebound pain. Therefore, clinicians should aim to prevent and manage rebound pain by implementing perioperative multimodal strategies before the resolution of regional blocks.

THE EFFECT OF MINDFULNESS ON DIABETES MELLITUS: A SCOPING REVIEW

Background: This research provides a long-term effect to find out from mindfulness intervention for conditions that require, one of which is chronic illness, in accepting the condition experienced. The prevalence of chronic diseases in the world reaches 70% of cases resulting in death. World health. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of mindfulness on diabetes. Objective: This study was conducted a scoping review Data source: in searches using databases, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Wiley. When searching, use the keywords '' mindfulness'' and ''diabetes''. Where in screening or filtering articles, namely marking or filtering with ''2019-2023'', ''free full text'', ''medicine'', and ''nursing''. From several databases used in this research, 11 articles were analyzed as a result of the search and analysis. Review Methods: The method used is Scoping Review, and it is guided by the PRISMA flowchart, and synthesis is carried out from the extraction. Results: Mindfulness can improve glycemic control, reduce stress levels, improve quality of life, reduce HbA1c scores , and reduce the hormone cortisol. Conclusion: The results of the review show that the effect of mindfulness on diabetes mellitus can reduce psychological stress such as stress, depression, and reduce the hormone cortisol, and increase feelings of happiness and reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.