Free Carbon Dioxide Research Articles

Analysis of Water Quality in Layer Cage with Aquaponic System in PLTA Koto Panjang Container, Kampar District

Aquaponies is one way to reduce water pollution produced by fish fanning, it can also be an alternative to reduce the amount of water used in the aquaculture system. Water quality is an important factor in fish fanning activities because it can affect the growth and development of fish cultivated in reservoir waters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the water quality of the KJA (floating net cages) layered with the aquaponic system tested in the waters of the Koto Panjang Hydroelectric Reservoir. Tins research was conducted in June - August 2020 at the Koto Panjang Hydroelectnc Reservoir. Measurement of water quality parameters is earned out directly at the research location. The analysis of the physical and chemical parameters of the waters is measured in the laboratory and the calculation of the water quality parameters refers to the APHA-AWWA and is compared with Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning Class II water quality standards. Based on the results of observations on water quality in layered cages with the aquaponies system, it is known that temperature parameters range from 31-33°C. pH ranges from 5-6. dissolved oxygen ranges from 9.38 - 9.65 mg / L. free carbon dioxide ranges from 9.14 - 11, 12 mg / L and brightness range from 148.9 to 156.2 cm. Meanwhile, nitrate parameters ranged from 0.03-0.04 mg L and phosphates ranged from 0.30 to 0.06 mg L. The water quality in the layered marine cage in the aquaponies system in the Koto Panjang Hydroelectric Reservoir has been able to reduce nitrate and phosphate content so that it can reduce the impact of organic pollution that occurs in the waters of the Koto Panjang Hydroelectric Reservoir.

Seasonal Variation of Zooplankton Density and Physicochemical Parameters of A Perennial Freshwater Body, Samudrabundh of Joypur, Bankura, West Bengal, India

Water is the most essential and vital component required for the survival of all organisms in this earth. The physico-chemical and biological characteristics of a water body determine its efficacy for the production of plankton especially the zooplankton. Zooplankton are the most important primary consumer of aquatic food chain which in turn influence the productivity of finfishes in an aquatic body .The present study is primarily based on assessment of seasonal density and diversity as well as the physico-chemical condition of Samudrabundh, of Joypur block of Bankura district, West Bengal. Such type of assessment on this water body has not been done before this.. The study was carried during March.2019 to February, 2020. The water quality parameters which were used for study were temperature, PH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Free carbon dioxide (CO2),Chloride, salinity, alkalinity and total hardness. A total of 26 taxa of zooplankton were recorded. Out of which 8 sp ecies comprises of Rotifera, 05 species of Copepoda, 10 species of Cladocera and 03 species of Ostracoda. The total zooplankton density ranges from 756 (Ind/L) to 957 (Ind/L) which is quiet lower than the desired value required for good fish culture. The study concludes that the water body is of soft water type and medium productive in nature.

Plecoptera community of two small streams of Shillong, Meghalaya, North-East India

A study on diversity and ecology of Plecoptera larvae was carried out at two small streams, Wahdienglieng and Umrisa of Shillong, Meghalaya, North-east India for the year 2014 and 2015. The total number of families and genera recorded during the study were 3 families and 8 genera. During the first year at Wahdienglieng, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the high weighted variables are total alkalinity, pH, electrical conductivity, water temperature and sand while at Umrisa, free carbon dioxide and electrical conductivity were strong variables. The next year at Wahdienglieng, PCA showed pH as the highly weighted variable while at Umrisa, the PCA indicated dissolved oxygen, water temperature and rainfall as influential variables. The CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) dendrogram revealed that Indonemoura spp and Kamimuria spp have positive impact with sandy substratum in Wahdienglieng; while Amphinemura spp showed positive correlation with dissolved oxygen in Umrisa during the first year. In the next year, water temperature showed positive relation with Indonemoura spp and Tetropina spp at Wahdienglieng and Umrisa, respectively. The presence of Plecoptera larvae in these streams indicated that the water is unpolluted and the substratum type enabled the larvae to reside at various microhabitats with diverse species.

HYDROBIOLOGY OF PANDEY TAAL, A WETLAND OF GONDA DISTRICT, U.P., INDIA

The physico-chemical condition of water plays a vital role in the aquatic ecosystem. The various physico-chemical parameters of water of Pandey Taal have been studied during July, 2019 to June, 2020 to find out its impact on planktonic population and fish culture. The authors recorded that water temperature ranges from 11.8-35.8ᵒC, transparency ranges from 27.6-37.8 cm, pH ranges from 7.0-8.8, dissolved oxygen ranges from 6.2-8.6 ppm, free carbon dioxide ranges from 15.2-28.8 ppm, total alkalinity ranges between 130.0 and 290.0 ppm, total hardness ranges between 75.0 and 120 ppm, nitrate ranges between 1.03 and 1.21 ppm and phosphate ranges from 1.00-1.05 ppm. The physico-chemical conditions were found suitable for fish culture.

Fish Community Structure and Environmental Correlates in Nepal’s Andhi Khola, Province No. 4, Syangja

The study of correlations between fish diversity, environmental variables and fish habitat aspects at different space and time scales of Nepal’s rivers and streams is scanty. This study investigated spatial and temporal patterns of fish assemblage structure in Nepal’s Andhi Khola. The field survey was conducted from September 2018 to May 2019 and the fishes were sampled from three sites using a medium size cast net of mesh size ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 cm and gill net having 2-3 cm mesh size, 30-35 feet length and 3-4 feet width, with the help of local fisher man. A total of 907 individuals representing 15 species belonged to four orders, six families and 11 genera were recorded during the study time. To detect the feasible relationships between fish community structure and environmental variables, we executed a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Based on similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis, the major contributing species are Barilius barila (26.15%), Barilius vagra (20.48%), Mastacembelus armatus (8.04%), Puntius terio (6.64%), and Barilius bendelisis (5.94%). One-way analysis similarity (ANOSIM) tried out for both time and space variations in fish community structure suggested that there was a significant difference in temporal variation (R = 0.794, P = 0.0037) but no significant difference in spatial variation (R = -0.18, P = 0.923). Results from the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) vindicated that dissolved oxygen, free carbon-dioxide and total hardness were the principle physio-chemical correlates of fish assemblage structure. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) on the Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) showed significant difference between spring, autumn and winter season but no significant difference was found in spatial variation. The extraction and transportation of boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand mining, haphazard ongoing road development and dam construction for the irrigation without fish ladders were found to be existing threats to the fish diversity of Andhi Khola.
 
 Keywords: Fish assemblage, multivariate analysis, rivers, spatio-temporal, streams

Acute Toxicity of Tuber Peels of Tacca leontopetaliodes on the Biochemistry and Histology of Gills and Liver of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles

Background: Increased rate of water pollution has detrimental effects on the health of fish and other aquatic organisms. This invariably affects humans by causing food insecurity, hunger and poverty. In an effort to curb this menace, this study investigated the effects of crude tuber peel extract of Tacca leontopetaliodes on the biochemical and histological parameters of Clarias gariepinus. Methods: Acute toxicity (96 hr . LC50) test was conducted after a range finding test from which definitive test concentrations of 5.00, 4.00, 3.00, 2.00, and 1.00 g/L were obtained with 0.00 g/L as control. One hundred and twenty (120) mixed sex C. gariepinus fingerlings (mean weight, 12.5 g ± 0.5; length, 13.2 cm ± 0.5) were administered definitive concentrations of crude tuber peel extract in duplicate replication. Water quality parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, alkalinity), tissue enzymes (Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and histopathological assessments were analysed using standard procedures. Results: Physico-chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and alkalinity) of test tanks containing graded concentrations of T. leontopetaliodes were significantly altered (p<0.05) compared to the control tank. Similarly, the profile of hepatic enzymes (ALP, AST and ALT) displayed marked progressive dose-dependent increase levels relative to the control. Histopathological examination revealed graded deterioration of gills and liver architecture with increase in the strength of the extract T. leontopetaliodes Conclusion: The crude tuber peel extract of T. leontopetaliodes is toxic to fish, thus, washing, processing and discard of T. leontopetaliodes in and around riparian systems should be discouraged.

Plankton Community and Water Quality During Maximum Tidal Range in Segara Anakan Cilacap

Segara Anakan Cilacap waters consist of lagoon and riverine areas with mangrove forests. The mixing of inland and marine waters affects the plankton community. The research objectives were to describe plankton species richness and abundance, water quality during tides, and to analyze the relationship among them. The research method was a survey with a purposive sampling technique. Sampling was taken from five stations, four times in a dry season, on a spring tide when the maximum tidal range occurs. The water quality parameters consisted of temperature, current velocity, light penetration, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, and salinity. The results showed that plankton species richness was the highest during the new moon at Station 3 near Motean and dominated by sea waters from Divisio Chrysophyta, such as Chaetoceros decipiens. The next taxa were Phylum Arthropoda, Divisio Cyanophyta, Divisio Chlorophyta, Phylum Euglenozoa, and Phylum Cnidaria. The plankton abundance was the highest during the new moon at Station 1 and dominated by sea waters from Divisio Chrysophyta, such as Chaetoceros. Water quality during the maximum tidal range in the new moon was better than the full moon at Station 1. In general, the highest plankton abundance was related to better water quality at Station 1.

An Assessment of Physico-chemical Characteristics of Charan Beel, a Freshwater Wetland in Morigaon District, Assam, India

Wetlands are one of the earth’s most important ecosystem which provides food and habitat for aquatic life. Charan beel is an oxbow shaped wetland, situated in the district of Morigaon, Assam. The fresh water, perennial, large, lentic water bodies are popularly known as ‘Beel’ in Assam. Determination of land use and land cover changes in the wetland was done by using Remote Sensing and GIS. Buffer operation of the wetland was done for two kilometers to assess the land use change in and around the beel for 1998, 2008 and 2018. Eight land use and land cover types were identified using a handheld GPS receiver. The main objective of this paper is to determine the various physico-chemical parameters of Charan beel like water temperature, PH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The minimum and maximum values, mean values, standard deviations along with the Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficients were also calculated and the results indicate significant positive and negative relationships among the different physico-chemical parameters. The high value of PH and dissolved oxygen obtained during the winter season and showed the inverse relation with temperature, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, free carbon dioxide, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand. The maximum value of temperature, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand found in the Monsoon. The study revealed that the water quality is rich in total dissolved solids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content which indicates that the wetland is moderately eutrophicated.

Influence of physico-chemical characteristics on the primary productivity of Nworie River, Imo State, Nigeria

A twelve-month study was conducted to examine the influence of physico-chemical parameters on the primary production of Nworie River to assess its suitability for fish culture. Water samples were collected from three stations along the river course and examined for various parameters. Data collected were analyzed using multivariate analysis, stepwise linear regression and spearman correlation while Tukey’s honestly significant difference was used to separate the means. Results showed that water temperature was significantly different (p<0.05) at all stations and were within normal range for fish culture. Similar observation was made in, the levels of conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrogen-nitrate, free carbon dioxide, depth, chlorine, hardness and primary productivity. The levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) and phosphate-phosphorus were not significant (p>0.05) but within normal range for fish culture. Alkalinity and pH showed significant differences (p<0.05) in all stations during the study. In Station 1, alkalinity and pH levels were 8.06±1.9mg/l and 5.4±0.3mg/l respectively. Heavy metal concentrations recorded revealed that the levels of Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), and Zinc (Zn) were significantly different (p<0.05) in all stations and were within permissible limit for fish culture while the level of lead (6.72±0.78 – 7.540.36mg/l) was not. The regression analysis revealed that variables in DO, TDS, free CO2, Cd, and depth influenced primary productivity and were both positively and negatively correlated at 5% and 1% probability levels respectively. The authors thus concluded that Nworie River may not support aquaculture development until some ecological situations are remedied.
 Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, Aquaculture development, Nworie River, Fish culture

A Recent Taxonomic Study of the Fish from the Jinam River in Dima Hasao Biodiversity Hotspot Region of Assam (India)

Abstract The Jinam River habitats inventory revealed the presence of alluvial valley, cascades, riffle-pools, boulders, cobbles, and gravel as types of substrata. The limnological parameters portrayed average values of air and water temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon di-oxide, total alkalinity, and conductivity. This recent pioneering study on the fish of the Jinam River in the Dima Hasao District of Assam revealed the presence of 18 species belonging to 15 genera, five families, and three orders, which are reported for the first time through this paper. Worth highlighting is the abundance of Barilius bendelisis and Devario aequipinnatus, and the fewer numbers of Chanda nama, these warranting proper management and conservation of the fish for this river.

Limnology of Three Ponds in Chittagong University Campus, Bangladesh

Physicochemical characteristics of any water body should be well known before using its water for different domestic purposes and also for different management needs. In Bangladesh, pond water is generally used by the middle to low income classes’ peoples for various purposes ignoring its quality. This study was conducted on monthly basis for two years, from January 2017 to December 2018 to find out the limnological qualities of water of three different types of ponds used by local inhabitants at Chittagong University Campus. The results of twelve limnological parameters were: air temperature (20.1-33°C), water temperature (18-33°C), transparency (14-85 cm), conductivity (22-423 μS/cm), total dissolved solids (TDS: 0-230 mg/l), pH (6.1-8.4), dissolved oxygen (DO: 0.9-16.5 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD: 0.8-12.3 mg/l), free carbon dioxide (freeCO2: 2-26.97 mg/l), calcium (Ca++: 1.72-32.68 mg/l), total hardness (4-110 mg/l) and alkalinity (40-98 mg/l). Over use and dumping of household wastes disrupted the normal limnological features of Pond 1, in comparison with other two less (Pond 2) and almost unused (Pond 3) ponds. Extensive use by inhabitants and also physical structure of ponds were found to be responsible for variation and differences among some physicochemical properties of water. Among the three ponds, Pond 1 was found to be extensively used for household uses, than Pond 2 and Pond 3, and thus detected as high, less and not contaminated respectively. Significant direct or inverse correlations were observed among most of the factors.

Limnological survey of dhaka-narayanganj-demra (dnd) dam area wetlands

Present investigation was conducted to assess the physicochemical characteristics of water and its suitability for fish production at Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra (DND) dam wetlands. Data were collected at eight points of the study area between March 2014and February 2015on temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and free carbon dioxide (CO2) in the water. The average maximum water temperature, transparency, pH, DO, free CO2, hardness were recorded as34.6±0.4°C, 40.3±0.8cm, 7.9±0.06, 7.6±0.4 mgL-1,85.6±6.6 mgL-1 and 491.2±76mgL-1while minimum average were found as26.3±1.0°C,7.1±0.2 cm, 7.4±0.05, 5.9±0.3 mgL-1, 11.9±0.8 mgL-1 and 87.6±11.3 mgL-1respectively.All the water parameters were found in favourable condition for optimum freshwater fish production with some modification. This study can be the baseline data toward fresh fish supply and production prospect in the Dhaka city at wetland of the DND canal area.
 Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(1): 93-103, 2020

Innovative unit for water treatment

The main pollutants of groundwater sources are compounds of iron, manganese and and dissolved gases (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide). Requirements to small capacity groundwater treatment units specified by a group of consumers were reviewed in this work. Various aeration units are used at the first stage as a part of simplified aeration method in deferrization process flow chart. There is offered an innovative unit which combines several processes, such as aeration, degassing, filtering through the layer of expandable polystyrene foam. The unit allows excluding additional aeration units, washing pumps and flush water storage tanks, as well as to intensify the aeration-degassing process, increase treatment efficiency and provide specified requirements. The article contains data on modular units with capacity up to 1 m3/h, their operating principle and the laboratory equipment used, as well as the aeration and degassing processes analysis results. When the level of dissolved oxygen in groundwater reaches 1.24-1.64 mg/l and free carbon dioxide - 46.8-50 mg/l outbound of the aeration units dissolved gases are blown out (up to 36%), the concentration of oxygen increases up to 7 mg/l. which is enough for an effective water deferrization process. At the same time, this process takes less time up to 2.7) in the aeration unit rather than in the aeration column.

Efficacy of Aqueous Crude Fruit Extract of Desert Date (Balanites aegyptiaca) in Anaesthetization of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fingerlings

Chemicals have been used to anaesthetize fish but due to their hazardous effects on the environment, fish and humans environmentally friendly plant anaesthetics are being sought. Fruit of Desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) is nontoxic to humans but has been reported to have anaesthetic potentials on fish. This study investigates anaesthetic effect of aqueous crude fruit extract of B. aegyptiaca on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. Phytochemical and proximate compositions of the fruit were screened. Exactly 120 C. gariepinus fingerlings (mean weight 32.13±2.43g and mean total length 23.88±2.11cm) were used for the experiment. A total of 10 fingerlings were exposed to each of 2.00, 2.50, 3.00, 3.50 and 4.00g/L concentrations of aqueous crude fruit extract of B. aegyptiaca and a control in 6 plastic tanks (45x28x25cm) filled with 10L of tap water. Setup was arranged in randomized block design and replicated. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, free carbon dioxide and total alkalinity were monitored. Results revealed long mean induction (25.05±3.35 min) and recovery (108.35±2.45 min) times with resultant mortalities (40%) of C. gariepinus fingerlings. significant correlation (P<0.01) exists between concentration of the fruit extract and induction time as well as between fruit extract concentrations and survival of fingerlings. Aqueous crude fruit extract of B. aegyptiaca is, therefore, not effective for anaesthetization of C. gariepinus fingerlings hence should be avoided.
 Keywords: Anaesthetic, Balanites aegyptiaca, Clarias gariepinus

Mass bathing events in River Kshipra, Central India- influence on the water quality and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of commensal E.coli

Antibiotic resistance is one of the major global health emergencies. One potential source of dissemination of resistant bacteria is mass gatherings, e.g. mass bathing events. We evaluated the physicochemical parameters of water quality and the antibiotic resistance pattern in commensal Escherichia coli from river-water and river-sediment in pre-, during- and post-mass bathing events in river Kshipra, Central India. Water and sediment samples were collected from three selected points during eight mass bathing events during 2014-2016. Water quality parameters (physical, chemical and microbiological) were analyzed using standard methods. In river water and sediment samples, antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated E. coli to 17 antibiotics were tested. pH, turbidity and dissolved oxygen were significantly lower and total dissolved solid, free carbon dioxide were higher during mass bathing, whilst TSS, BOD and COD were lowest in pre-bathing and highest in post-bathing period. E.coli with multi drug resistance (MDR) or extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production were between 9-44% and 6-24%, respectively in river-water as well as river-sediment. Total coliform count/ml and E. coli count were higher during-and post-bathing in river water than in pre-bathing period. Thus, the percentage of resistance was significantly higher during and post-bathing period (p<.05) than in pre-bathing. Colony forming unit (CFU)/ml in river-sediment was much higher than in river-water. Percentage of resistance was significantly higher in river-water (p<.05) than in river-sediment. Antibiotic resistance in E.coli isolated from the Kshipra River showed significant variation during mass bathing events. Guidelines and regulatory standards are needed to control environmental dissemination of resistant bacteria.

Assessment of potability of spring water and its health implication in a hilly village of Uttarakhand, India

Water quality assessment of different sources of water in a village was carried out by taking selected significant parameters, namely temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), free carbon dioxide (free CO2), alkalinity, hardness, calcium, phosphate, nitrate, chloride and coliform count. All these parameters were analyzed as per the standard protocol of American Public Health Association. Further, seven parameters (pH, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, calcium, nitrates and chloride) were used to calculate water quality index for assessing overall drinking water status of sampling sites. A survey of health status of population of the village was also conducted with the help of questionnaire and interview method to draw the relationship of water quality and health. All selected physicochemical parameters were found under prescribed limits as stated by Indian Standard 10500 and Central Pollution Control Board guidelines. The values for most probable number count were found above the permissible limit of drinking water indicating contamination of coliform at all sites. Further, water quality index for SN1, SN2, SN3, SN4 and SN5 was 17.61, 30.11, 69.73, 25.60 and 47.15, respectively. As per the water quality index, the water samples of natural springs which were away from village were classified under ‘excellent’ category as compared to supply water samples. The result of survey recorded 38% population suffered from dysentery, 23% from diarrhea and 17% from typhoid. The report of the survey and the presence of coliform suggest that drinking water contamination is leading to waterborne diseases like cholera, dysentery and typhoid. It is also suggested that water quality of all sites except SN3 was suitable for drinking purpose, but disinfection of coliform before use is warranted.

Water quality and aquatic coleoptera and hemiptera in two ponds of Mansa District, Punjab

Present study evaluates the diversity and abundance of aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera, and relate these with the physicochemical parameters of water in the two selected ponds of Mansa district, Punjab. Collections made during December, 2017 to November, 2018 revealed 16 species of aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Maximum fauna was observed during summer followed by post-monsoon, monsoon and winter seasons. Physicochemical water parameters viz., temperature, pH, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and phosphates were correlated with the diversity attributes.

Assessment of Traditional Rice Beer Quality Manufactured by Different Ethnic Tribes of Assam, India

Ethnic communities of North-East India consume various traditional beverages which are mostly prepared by fermentation of rice of their own. Many ethnic communities reside in Assam, India and the consumption of fermented drinks is always considered to be their culture and existence of the ethnic tribes. In present work, eight different rice beer samples are collected from different parts of Assam representing Ahom, Mising and Karbi community. The samples are characterized with respect to various physico-chemical analysis and microbiological parameters. In present work, the methodologies for the process of preparation of rice beers by different ethnic communities are also carefully observed and properly documented. It has been observed that all the samples are acidic in nature and the pH values are ranged from 2.83-5.05, while conductance ranged from 0.028-1.86 ms/cm. The amount of free carbon dioxide varies from 0.105 g/L to 6.81g/L. The amount of hardness varied from 0.012 g/L to 0.38 g/L. The sugar content of various rice beers ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 4.4 g/100 mL while the percentage of ethanol varies from 2.2 to 5.7 g/100 mL. The correlation matrix study also shows a good positive correlation between conductance and TDS, hardness, free CO2 and bicarbonate alkalinity. In this study, no coliform bacterial contamination appeared while the colony forming unit ranged from 0.3 × 105 to 1.68 × 105 cfu mL-1.

Spatio-temporal variation of fish assemblages in Babai River of Dang district, Province No. 5, Nepal

Spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages were investigated seasonally from October 2018 to May 2019. Fish assemblages were agglomerated with environmental variables both to spatial and temporal scales. Water temperature, dissolved Oygen, free carbon-dioxide, pH and water velocity of water of each site were measured. Based on analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), fish assemblages were significantly different in spatial variation but not in temporal variation. A total of 1,024 individuals belonging to 5 orders, 9 families and 15 genera and 24 species were collected. The dominated species were Puntius sophore, followed by P. terio, P. ticto and Barilius bendelisis. The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) vindicated that environmental variables of water temperature, pH, water velocity and free carbon-dioxide were found to be contributed variables to shape the fish assemblage structure of Babai River. The cluster analysis delineated that similarity between fish species decreases as the distance of sites increased.

Seasonal and spatial variations in physico-chemical parameters of water and proximate composition of Macrobrachium macrobrachion from Ologe lagoon and Badagry creek, Lagos, Nigeria

In this study, seasonal and spatial variations in physicochemical parameters of water and proximate composition of Macrobrachium macrobrachion from Badagry Creek and Ologe Lagoon were examined. Samples of water and M. macrobrachion were collected from both stations on a monthly basis for six months. The physicochemical parameters monitored were pH, temperature, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total solids, total alkalinity, free carbondioxide, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia and turbidity, while the proximate composition parameters were moisture content, crude protein, crude fibre, carbohydrate, crude lipids and ash. It was observed that alkalinity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature and ammonia determined for both sample stations were within recommended limit of Food and Agricultural Organization, except pH for Badagry creek. There was no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) in seasonal variations of most physico-chemical parameters in both stations except for pH in Ologe lagoon, and electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and total solids (TS) in both stations. Also, with the exception of EC, TDS and TS, there was no significant difference for spatial variation of physico-chemical parameters between the two stations. Moisture content, lipid and ash contents showed significant seasonal variation in Ologe lagoon, while crude protein and crude fibre recorded no significant difference. For Badagry creek, with the exception of moisture content, all other proximate composition parameters showed significant difference. However, there was no significant spatial variation in proximate composition between the prawns in Ologe lagoon and Badagry creek. There were gradual effects of season on water quality and proximate composition but these effects still support growth and survival of the prawn. However, regulatory measures should be put in place to protect these water bodies from direct/indirect human activities that can cause adverse damages.