Free Broadcast Research Articles

Comparative Efficiency of Different Weed Management Practices on Yield and Economic in Summer Maize in Dang

The particular weed management practice is still know that describes the exact solution for weed control and maximizes the yield and profitability of maize production and weed severs to more than 40% loss in production. So, the field experiment was conducted in Farmer’s field to compare the effects of different weed management practices on weed growth and dynamics, yield, and economic performance in Summer Maize under humid sub-tropical condition at Aswara-5, Tulsipur, and Dang in 2017. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of (i) Framer practices, (ii) control, (iii) weed free broadcasting (iv) Weed free line sowing (v) power weeded (vi) Manually weeded (vii) herbicides (Temboterine and Atrazine). The different weed managements practice showed significant effect in Yield, test weight, Harvest index, stover yield, shelling percent and sterility percent and cob length. The higher grain yield was obtained in herbicide treated plot (7.620 t/ha) and least in control plot (3.54 t/ha) and farmer practice plot (4.32 t/ha) where other treatment were statistically at par with each other. The highest shelling and cob length was 78.33 and 21.76 cm found highest that leads to highest yield and lower yield in control and farmer plot. The cost of cultivation was higher in weed free line sowing (NRs 89102) and broadcasting (NRs 89106) condition but the production per unit cost was highest in herbicides (109.27 g/Rs) plot and followed by manual (69.73 g/Rs) and power weeded plot(78.11 g/Rs). Similarly, the highest Net revenue, Gross revenue and Benefit cost ratio was obtained in Herbicide treated plot among all the treatment, which is followed by power weeded plot. So, we can conclude that, herbicide treated plot is economically and profitability important in terms of production where there is human labour crisis.

Communication in the Referendum Campaign as Exemplified by Free Broadcasts of the Entitled Entities on Polish Radio Lublin

The present article seeks to answer the question whether the fact that during the referendum campaign in 2015 the entitled entities had the opportunity to utilize free broadcast time in order to promote their activity affected the dominance of such content over the content concerning the issues raised in the referendum questions. Information on politics is obtained mainly from the media; the mediatization of politics is also allowed by Polish legislation, which provides for the opportunity to use free broadcasts on public media inter alia during referendum campaigns by entitled political entities. However, the possibility of using the free broadcasting time for the purposes other than stipulated in the law was not provided for. The research material was the free referendum broadcasts of the entitled entities, aired by Radio Lublin S.A., the method applied being the content analysis (quantitative and qualitative) . The main hypothesis, which assumed that the entitled entities used the allocated air time to promote themselves, inter alia through popularizing their names in the public space at the expense of the issues raised in the referendum questions, was positively verified as a result of research.

Communication in the Referendum Campaign as Exemplified by Free Broadcasts of the Entitled Entities on Polish Radio Lublin

<p><span lang="EN-US">The present article seeks to answer the question whether the fact that during the referendum campaign in 2015 the entitled entities had the opportunity to utilize free broadcast time in order to promote their activity affected the dominance of such content over the content concerning the issues raised in the referendum questions.</span><span lang="EN-US">Information on politics is obtained mainly from the media; the mediatization of politics is also allowed by Polish legislation, which provides for the opportunity to use free broadcasts on public media inter alia during referendum campaigns by entitled political entities. However, the possibility of using the free broadcasting time for the purposes other than stipulated in the law was not provided for.</span><span lang="EN-US">The research material was the free referendum broadcasts of the entitled entities, aired by Radio Lublin S.A., the method applied being the content analysis (quantitative and qualitative)</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span lang="EN-US">The main hypothesis, which assumed that the entitled entities used the allocated air time to promote themselves, inter alia through popularizing their names in the public space at the expense of the issues raised in the referendum questions, was positively verified as a result of research.</span></p>

Screenings

Columnist Paul Julian Smith puts a Mexican TV hit that has gone global into perspective for FQ's readers. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, the seventeenth-century poet and nun, has a good claim to be the best-known woman in the history of Mexico. Looking scholarly on the two-hundred-peso banknote, where she is depicted with an ink quill and a volume of her collected works, she has long been an incongruous presence among the virile Aztecs, revolutionaries, and presidents that grace the rest of Mexican currency. But only now has she been awarded that special honor: a biographical television series on her richly resonant and mysterious life. Patricia Arriaga Jordán, perhaps the most distinguished television producer in the country, created Juana Inés for Canal 11, the free public broadcast channel owned by the Instituto Politécnico Nacional university with which she has long collaborated. The seven-hour-long episodes were broadcast nationally twice a week in prime time beginning on March 26, 2016, and subsequently sold for international distribution to Netflix where, at the time of writing, they are available in the United States.

“In the Spirit of ‘76 Venceremos!”: Nationalizing and Transnationalizing Self-defense on Radio Free Dixie

From 1963 to 1966, Radio Free Dixie broadcast from Havana, Cuba, to the United States. Launched by civil rights leader Robert F. Williams, Radio Free Dixie distributed militant messages to black audiences in the United States. This article examines the content of the Radio Free broadcasts and the ways that the messages of Williams were framed as both national and transnational symbols of black struggle within the context of the Cold War. It contributes to the history of black journalism by highlighting how black media in the United States have used both national and transnational politics to link historical debates about race, self-defense, and US imperialism.

A Mechanism to Avoid Call Retransmission Using Consistent Shortcut Transfigure Path Construction in Wireless Network

To ensure fair packet broadcasting without service disruption in wireless network from one network cell to another is the key to successful mobile services. However, enforcing fair packet broadcasting is challenging because decision policies within the network cell though works efficiently, considerably reduces the energy consumption level. Using MAC protocol, communication framework gets improved by cooperatively localizing the system and achieves space-time synchronization. But redundancy occurs on cellular wireless network for higher energy levels. This work presents the design and implementation of collision free packet broadcasting in wireless network known as Consistent Shortcut Transfigure Path Construction (CSTPC) mechanism. Under this mechanism the main objective is to develop a transfigure path (i.e., alter path) when the link failure occurs during broadcasting (i.e.,) handover the call. Initially, consistent shortcut is created for constructing alter path and when the link gets failed packet handover takes place. Consistent shortcut is created by combining the Midpoint and Simpsons rule procedure. The Midpoint and Simpsons procedure creates the shortcut and with this reduces the rate of energy consumption gradually. Secondly, error rate on call handover is reduced using CSTPC mechanism by applying Estimation of Distribution algorithm. The constructed Estimation of Distribution algorithm in CSTPC mechanism feasibly handover the packets to neighboring base station with minimal error rate. In this way, minimal error rate avoids retransmission of packets due to the collision and path failure. Furthermore, the CSTPC mechanism reduce the energy consumption level on transfigure path construction and also avoids the retransmission of packets (i.e.,) call in wireless network. Experimental work is carried out using factors such as avoidance of retransmission rate, energy consumption rate, and call broadcasting efficiency.

On the Performance of Alternating Concurrent Cooperative Transmissions in the High Path-Loss Attenuation Regime

This paper addresses the issue of network broadcasting using alternating concurrent cooperative transmissions for sensor-based wireless networks that are very lossy. The medium access control (MAC)-free broadcast strategy is a simple, energy-efficient, low-overhead form of cooperative diversity-based strategy called the opportunistic large arrays (OLAs), and uses a received power-based threshold to define mutually exclusive sets of nodes during the initial broadcast, such that the union of the sets includes all the nodes in the network or cooperative route. This eliminates the formation of undesirable network coverage holes, a result of the ``dead nodes resulting from repeated usage. This broadcast strategy has been analyzed for wireless channels with $\gamma=2$. The semi-analytical approach presented here investigates network life extensions for $\gamma>2$ by considering two extreme continuum network topologies that correspond to the largest and smallest ratios of nodes (or network areas) used up during a successful broadcast, namely discs and strips, analyzing which will then set the bounds for arbitrary-shaped static, cooperative routes or networks.

Broadcast-Based Peer-to-Peer Collaborative Video Streaming Among Mobiles

In traditional mobile streaming networks such as 3G cellular networks, all users pull streams from a server. Such pull model leads to high streaming cost and problem in system scalability. In this paper, we propose and investigate a fully distributed, scalable, and cost-effective protocol to distribute multimedia content to mobiles in a peer-to-peer manner. Our protocol, termed Collaborative Streaming among Mobiles (COSMOS), makes use of broadcasting and data sharing to achieve high performance (in terms of delay, cost fairness, stream continuity, etc.). In COSMOS, only a few peers pull video descriptions from base stations. Using a free broadcast channel (such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth), they share the streams to nearby neighbors. As a result, COSMOS greatly reduces the streaming cost and cellular bandwidth requirement. Furthermore, as video streams are supplied by multiple peers, COSMOS is robust to peer failure. Since broadcasting is used to distribute video data, COSMOS is highly scalable to large number of users. In COSMOS, peers autonomously determine whether to broadcast packets or not in order to efficiently use of the channel bandwidth. By taking turns to pull descriptions, peers can effectively share, and hence substantially reduce, streaming cost. As broadcast scope is small and peers can often obtain a number of streams from its neighbors, COSMOS achieves low delay and excellent stream continuity

The Digital Video Recorder: Unbundling Advertising and Content

Next time you turn on your television, actually watch the commercials and you will quickly see how poorly the economic model of TV is working. They put on a commercial for dog food, but you don't have a dog. Many of the commercials are for product categories that you do not purchase, and others are for products, such as cars or computers, that you use constantly but purchase only sporadically. The digital video recorder (DVR) may change this dramatically. The DVR will allow us to unbundle content and advertising. Content that comes from broadcasters bundled in one form - the TV show itself, the station identifications, the ads selling Budweiser and the promos for a very special Dawson's Creek - can be reshaped and separated before the viewer sees it. The ability to delete commercials puts at risk the basic financing model for free broadcast TV. At least as important, unbundling of ads and content allows personalization of commercials and that in turn may change content itself. Personalization will change the core role that content plays in intermediating between advertisers and audiences. Traditionally, content plays a dual role: it attracts a particular type of reader, and that in turn determines the type of advertising that can be sold. Creators shape content to best fit the intersection of advertisers and audience. A DVR with ad personalization has the capacity to alter completely this critical matching process played by content creators. How the DVR technology is organized will almost certainly help to determine whether viewers can commit to not deleting the ads. Decentralized, free-standing DVRs - the current model - will make commitment difficult. Centralizing the DVR technology in the pipes bringing the content into your home - putting the DVR technology in the cable box - may make the ad commitments more credible. The range of possible, supportable economic models turns directly on how the DVR technology is organized and those models matter directly for the kind of content that will be made available. How the technology is organized also turns out to be quite important for law. Standard legal instruments such as copyright or contract work only so well with widespread, decentralized use of a technology. Centralized technology is easier to control, either through contract; through common law doctrines such as contributory copyright infringement, the tack tried in Sony; or through direct regulation, as we have done with cable. The regulatory path for the DVR probably turns on whether it emerges as a decentralized technology ala the VCR or as part of the cable/DBS system. And, if the DVR technology is centralized, we may see a substantial asymmetry between broadcast and cable. The dispute over must carry will morph into a fight over must store or must be smart as over-the-air broadcasters will seek access to the storage and intelligence that will come to reside in the set-top box.

Internet Television and Copyright Licensing: Balancing Cents and Sensibility

Cyberpundits have speculated upon the future application of Internet technology to enable consumer interactivity and personalization in television programs and services delivered through personal computers or set top boxes. Internet-enabled video technology will provide opportunities for programmers to time-shift, space-shift, excise material, personalize content, cut-and-paste video clips, and archive and repackage material for new venues. However, digital recapture and retransmission can allow copyright infringers to distribute near-perfect copies of original broadcast work without proper authorization. In so doing, Internet technology threatens providers of original content and may conceivably reduce the financial incentive to provide new product. With retransmission of broadcast television content an evident possible means for jump-starting IP-video, several internet service providers (including America Online) unsuccessfully lobbied Congress in November, 1999 to grant rights for retransmissions, to be compensated via compulsory licensing. However, the Copyright Office, among other opponents, affirmed that compulsory licensing is inappropriate, primarily due to the administrative difficulties that would result from the vast geographic dispersal of the potential viewing community. This paper examines the matter and agrees that the information needed to calibrate an economically efficient compulsory license is unobtainable. Instead of compulsory licensing, content owners and users may reasonably give the new video technology a modest push by agreeing to exempt from copyright protection a limited number of retransmissions made over free broadcast spectrum, while continuing to grant exclusive copyright to the larger remainder. As a general operating strategy, unprotected uses can reasonably be granted to retransmissions of certain over-the-air broadcast programs that do not displace original viewers. Four opening exemptions are conceivable: video clips, news archiving, time-shifting for local broadcasts, and import of non-duplicative distant signals. From their inception, exemptions must be carefully sculpted with restrictions to eliminate harm to content owners and must be revisited from time to time to protect against unforeseen consequences harmful to copyright owners.

Users of a regional telephone-based traveler information system – a study of TravInfo™ users in the San Francisco Bay Area

This paper reports the results of a 1998 survey carried out among a small sample of people who had called the TravInfo™ Travel Advisory Telephone System (TATS) in April 1997 looking for current information about traffic conditions in the San Francisco Bay Area. The survey employed a series of tradeoff questions designed to identify the specific attributes of the information that the respondents felt to be most important, and to estimate the relative values that these users had for various possible information improvements. Despite the small size of the sample, it proved feasible to investigate how the implicit valuations placed on each attribute of the service (update frequency, extent of road coverage, and level of customization) varied among different user segments. For the most part, respondents appeared to value basic enhancements – those that establish an initial quality differential above the baseline set by free broadcast traffic information – more than they value further subsequent improvements. Overall, more frequent information updates are the highest priority among the range of possible enhancements explored in the survey, followed by an extension of coverage to include major arterials in addition to freeways. However, the evidence suggests relatively little value in door-to-door coverage – that is, coverage of streets beyond the freeway and major arterial networks. This research produced some estimates of the average monetary values ("willingness to pay") that the sample of current users attached to information improvements of various kinds. While these values varied among subgroups in ways that fit a priori expectations, it is not clear whether they provide an unbiased picture of the users' absolute levels of willingness to pay, such that they could be used reliably to inform (for example) information pricing decisions. The value of this research lies more clearly in the light it sheds on the relative structure of user preferences, and on the variations in preferences between information attributes and market segments. Overall, the authors conclude that the prospects for self-sustaining ATIS services are unclear. In response to a direct question, a majority of users (perhaps influenced by a strategic bias) indicated that they were unwilling to pay for ATIS services; some of these same people, however, indicated later that they might indeed be willing to buy a particular enhanced ATIS package, in direct competition with free broadcast services.

Mass Media and Parliamentary Elections in Canada

Legislative elections in Canada tend to be largely national affairs, with varying regional patterns of response, in a parliamentary system with tight party discipline. The media system features substantial regulation, regional and linguistic divisions, and a distinctive role for a cable TV system with large numbers of subscribers. Free broadcast time is allocated to parties based upon centrally controlled principles, and paid advertisements are permitted within specified limits that tend to work to the advantage of incumbents. The flow of information to voters about party leaders and local candidates varies greatly from place to place, but its effects are yet to be the subject of systematic investigation.

Free broadcasting

Free broadcasting

The “Pacifica” decision: Broadcasting and free expression

On January 22, 1964, the Federal Communications Commission issued a “Memorandum Opinion and Order” in a case of tremendous significance for all American broadcasters, but one that few broadcasters had concerned themselves about. The Pacifica Foundation is an educational, non‐profit corporation which owns and operates non‐commercial, listener‐supported (through annual voluntary subscriptions of $15) radio stations “dedicated to free and creative broadcasting.” The freedom fought for by Pacifica is the same freedom all broadcasters seek to enjoy. With particular reference to section 5, the following document, headed “In re Application of Pacifica Foundation For Renewal of Licenses of Station KPFA‐FM and KPFB (educational FM), at Berkeley, California, and Station WBAI‐FM, New York— File Nos. BRH‐723, BRED‐115, BRH‐13. For Initial License of Station KPFK, (noncommercial educational FM), at Los Angeles, California—File No. BLED‐374. Consent to Transfer of Control—File No. BTC‐4284” is presented to the Journal'...