Free Association Method Research Articles

Medical Staff's Social representation on elderly with psychiatric disorder: Impacts about the life project

Today, the questioning about the life project of elderly with mental disorders seems not to be a priority of research and politics. Many studies shows that social representation of this specific population are mostly negative. They impact the place of these subjects on their social and community integration into the society. The purpose of our research work is to identify the nature of health professional's social representation involved in the accompaniment of these subjects. In that case, the authors aim to identify it impact on their life project. Consequently, the authors interviewed 715 professionals (doctors, psychologists and nurses) with the free association method of Abric. A prototypical and categorical analysis was conducted with the help of IRAMUTEQ software. Then a factorial analysis was performed in order to identify which factors could be possibly linked with some dimensions of the social representation we isolated (age, sex, profession and study level). Results shows that social representation of health professionals is really close to the social representation of the rest of population. To conclude, the authors will discuss about the influence and impact of this social representation on the decision process concerning the life project developed by the medical staff in psychiatryDisclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Reforms of the higher school: philosophy and methodology of development of personality creativity as professional competence in the realization of the concept of noospheric education

Article is devoted to the analysis of current trends of change of the domestic educational paradigm, initiated by modern processes of education reform, idea influence of “the third mission of universities” on contents of educational programs, which performance is expressed in growth of number of patents, the signed contracts with the entities, a research of problems of the social sphere and the university involvement into welfare life of the region. In contrast to the harmful nature of the technogenic path of the idea of “entrepreneurial university», the author emphasizes importance of implementation of noosphere educational technologies of development of person creativity and social responsibility of future specialist. The aim of the study was to search for the philosophical and methodological foundations of the concept of noospheric education, which allows answering the challenge of the idea of the third mission of the university in society and an analysis of the creativity degree of trainees in mastering professional competencies via e-learning with the study of the focus group of master students in the profile “Sociology of Management”. The basic methods of research that allow students to demonstrate the creativity of educational objectives problems were the forms of immersion of the student into the situation of application of the acquired educational skills of the solution of the problem posed as close to reality as possible, developed on the basis of the system of electronic training «InfOUPro», introduced at Kemerovo State University. A deliberately formed teaching model of an independent choice of tools and techniques in the solution of the task, set by the lecturer in assessing its application for the period 2015–2017 demonstrated the growth of non-standard creative solutions among students, which allows us to assert that the application of noospheric methods of developing intuitive figural right hemispheric thinking in harmony with the skills of discursive-logical thinking allowed 73% of master students to show an individual style of solving educational problems, demonstrate creative skills of personal growth, to strengthen the leadership qualities of self-learning and the duration of retention of educational interest to students. Open creative tasks, modeling future professional activity, are actively made and with great interest. The ability to initiate intuitive imagery right hemisphere thinking in harmony with the skills of discursive and logical thinking of master students in the development of research skills provides such noospheric educational technologies for the development of the learner’s creativity as heuristic techniques for describing actions and states that help to approach the task (intuitive modeling of the subject of research, the reception of inversion, the reception of analogy, the method of free associations, the reception of focal objects), and creative methods, methods of generating ideas that allow to structure the problem, find a solution, structured technology to clearly outline the search zone of strong solutions of creative tasks. Distance form of e-learning based on the capabilities of the «InfOUPro» system showed effectiveness in applying the acquired educational skills and developing the professional competencies of the study group of students.

The Study of Fashion’s Images on Korean Wave Actress

This study was aimed to draw objective results for the images of Korean wave actresses, using statistical methods.BR Four Korean wave actresses, Young-ae Lee, Jee-hyun Jun, Hae-Gyo Song, and Jee-woo Choi, were selected by surveying foreign students studying in Korean universities. The survey aimed to list ‘adjectives’ associating their image cuts by the free association method. A total of 26 adjective pairs were finally selected, for which the cluster analysis of Ward’s method were performed. Also, for comparative analysis of their images, factorial analysis using the principal component analysis and varimax rotation was performed. One-way analysis of variance and Scheffe’s method for the adjective pairs was done by using factor scores obtained from this study.BR We observed that Korean wave actresses have their own images, and the results of this study are summarized as follow:BR The comparativeness analysis shows that Young-ae Lee is superior in the dignity factor, but low in fashion as a factor. Jee-hyun Jun is remarkable in attractiveness and fashion, and has the highest fashioning factor score. Jee-woo Choi is equal for attractiveness, fashioning, and activeness, and is most ‘feminine’ in fashioning. Hae-Gyo Song is quite different from other actresses, and is considered ‘pretty’ in the attractiveness factor, and ‘sportive’ in the fashion factor.BR We suggest that Korean export companies should apply these results to fashion products for countries where trade is thriving with the Korean wave boom. We expect that the sales would be considerably increased.

Perbedaan Representasi Sosial Tentang Siswa Junior antara Siswa Kelas XII SMAN A Dan SMAN B

Seniority is a social phenomenon that is naturally found in the school environment. At SMAN A, seniority has been abused by senior students. Meanwhile, at SMAN B, seniority has been applied positively. This difference indicates that there were unique meanings given to the junior students by the seniors in the two schools. This study aims to understand these differences by using social representations theory with the structural approach. The study was conducted in two stages. Free association method was used in the first stage to discover the attributes of social representation of junior students. Researchers asked 206 participants at SMAN A and 198 participants at SMAN B to write down the things that came to mind when they read the word "junior students". The second stage aims to identify the attributes of the central core and peripherals. A total of 92 participants from SMAN A and 92 participants from SMAN B were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the centrality test and chi-square test. The results show 18 attributes of social representation of junior students. At SMAN A, attributes of central core are [1] charming appearance and [2] the orientation of students and attribute of peripherals are [1] negative behaviors, [2] the targets of mistreatment, [3] unique appearance, [4] peeve, [5] new students, and [6] paltry. At SMAN B, attributes of central core are [1] charming appearance, [2] the orientation of students, [3] good relationships, and [4] positive behaviors and attributes of peripherals are [1] cool, [2] need to be nurtured, [3] new students, and [4] different generations. This results show differences in social representation of junior students in twelfth-graders at SMAN A and SMAN B. This study suggests that SMAN A make innovation in school regarding to student activities by looking up to SMAN B.

Implicit persuasion of voters in the 2012 Slovak republic parliamentary elections

Abstract The aim of the article is to see the degree of implicit position and value correlation between the voters of particular political parties in Slovakia (SMER-SD, SaS, and SDKÚ-DS). The free association method is supposed to reveal implicit purposes of individual political issues, beliefs and values in the eyes of their voters. Social representations, public discourse and implicit purposes objectified and anchored in civil society by the political elites are obtained by the discrete association method. The focus is held on the importance of political discourse for the voters to take note in the decision-making process in the election to the Parliament of the Slovak Republic in 2012.

Free Associations Mirroring Self- and World-Related Concepts: Implications for Personal Construct Theory, Psycholinguistics and Philosophical Psychology.

People construe reality by using words as basic units of meaningful categorization. The present theory-driven study applied the method of a free association task to explore how people express the concepts of the world and the self in words. The respondents were asked to recall any five words relating with the word world. Afterward they were asked to recall any five words relating with the word self. The method of free association provided the respondents with absolute freedom to choose any words they wanted. Such free recall task is suggested as being a relatively direct approach to the respondents’ self- and world-related conceptual categories, without enormous rational processing. The results provide us, first, with associative ranges for constructs of the world and the self, where some associative dimensions are defined by semantic polarities in the meanings of peripheral categories (e.g., Nature vs. Culture). Second, our analysis showed that some groups of verbal categories that were associated with the words world and self are central, while others are peripheral with respect to the central position. Third, the analysis of category networks revealed that some categories play the role of a transmitter, mediating the pathway between other categories in the network.

Climate change and beliefs in Cameroon: A qualitative study among farmers in the Equatorial and Sudano-Sahelian zones

The question of climate change is a topical issue as is shown by the numerous publications on the subject during the last few years. However few publications lay emphasis on populations considered to be particularly exposed to the problem of climate change (by location or by activity) and on the impact of religion on these beliefs. In this study, two groups of Cameroon farmers working in two distinctive zones: Equatorial and Sudano-Sahelian were interviewed about their social representation of climate change. Results with the free association method highlight two preoccupying social representations. The question of distance from the object is discussed in relation to studies carried out among wider publics. In addition, this study shows that religion can also play an important part in the construction of knowledge of climate change.

EDEBİYATTA BİLİNÇ AKIŞI TEKNİĞİNE BAŞVURULMA SEBEPLERİ ÜZERİNE BAZI DİKKATLER

Modern edebiyatta siklikla basvurulan bilinc akisi teknigi, Sigmund Freud’un psikanaliz kurami ve serbest cagrisim metoduna dayanmaktadir. Freud’un, kapitalist toplum insaninin psikolojisini incelemek icin gelistirdigi ve daha sonra sanatcinin yaratim faaliyetini aciklamak icin basvurdugu psikanalist metot, edebiyata bilinc akisi teknigi olarak yansir. Psikoloji ilminin ve psikolojik romanin gelisimi, psikanaliz tedavide kullanilan ve serbest cagrisim yontemine dayanan bilinc akisi teknigini, bir anlatim bicimi olarak edebiyata kazandirir. Hikâyeye olay orgusu, kurgusal anlatim, karakterlerin ruh tahlilleri, uslup ve zaman bakimindan katkilar saglayan bilinc akisi teknigine basvurulma sebepleri cesitlidir. Bu calismada insan psikolojisini inceleyen bilinc akisi tekniginin edebiyatta nasil ve neden kullanildigi arastirilarak bu teknigin yazar ile okuyucuya ne gibi katkilar sagladigi konusunda bir sonuca varilmasina calisilacaktir.

Charles-Louis Trepsat (1879–1929) : un psychoanalyste de la première heure et médecin à la maison de santé de Rueil-Malmaison

At 20 years of age, Charles-Louis Trepsat (1879–1929) left the Cantal area where he was born. He studied medicine in Bordeaux, Rouen, Rennes and Paris. In Paris, he obtained his doctoral degree in medicine (1905). With his “médicat” (1910), he practiced in a mental institution near Paris (Rueil-Malmaison). It was a select and renowned clinic which specialized in the treatment of nervous system disorders and eating disorders. It also served to rest for the society woman and many writers, artists and politicians (P. Valéry, P. Deschanel, G. Feydeau, L. Baskt, P. Louÿs, G. Halevy, Wanda Jane Szymkiewicz, M. Ravel…). Reading over his publications on schizophrenia, periodic psychosis, epilepsy and psychoanalysis, all compiled into a single book thanks to his friend Benjamin-Joseph Logre (1883–1963), we look into Trepsat's brief career. Trepsat, who was called the « French Freud », was one of the first alienists to be interested in psychoanalysis. Between 1920 and 1922, he published six articles; two with Ernest Dupré (1862–1921). Even though he never belonged to the Paris Psychoanalytical Society (1926) or to the Psychiatric Evolution Group (1925), he was not hostile to freudian theory. From june 1914, Trepsat applied psychoanalysis in his practice but It was in a very modified Freudianism in the methodology and the explanation. He awarded all his importance to conflict and repression. He used both the free association method for dreams and association-inducing words tests with a stopwatch but without galvanometer. He regarded sexuality as no more than an emotional issue; so, it could not then be held as the sole source of the psychoneurosis. From 1923 to his death, Trepsat did not get involved in the turmoil and conflict that was generated around Freud's theory. However, it appears that he was one of the first who demonstrated to E. Dupré its successful application to certain clinical situations even outside the field of neurosis and to experiment in a scientific approach in a private mental institution.

Representações sociais do empreendedorismo no feminino e no masculino: investigação com estudantes

Entrepreneurship is considered a process that is socially constructed by social cognitions and everyday practices that shape and are shaped by gender relations. The aim of this study was to understand social representations of entrepreneurship, an activity generally formulated as a masculine one. The expectation was that gender representations and stereotypy influenced the conceptions about men and women entrepreneurs. We used the method of free word association, with analysis of central and peripheral representations. A valuation of attributes was found, such as leadership, dynamism, creativity and innovation. These attributes are associated with the Schumpeter ideology of entrepreneurship. However, the peripheral core representations come with more complex and critical nuances. An association between attributes of entrepreneurship and male stereotype was found, whereas a greater heterogeneity emerged in representations of entrepreneurial women, evoking attributes associated with the female stereotype (friendliness, beauty, elegance, vanity).

Consumer Perceptions toward Vegetables Grown in Plant Factories Using Artificial Light- An Application of the Free Word Association Method

Plant factories using artificial light have received increasing attention in Japan as a means of restoring agriculture in the Fukushima region where agricultural lands were contaminated with radioactive materials owing to the 2011 nuclear accident. The government is currently promoting the use of plant factories in the region by which safe and fresh leafy vegetables can be produced indoors. However, the market share of vegetables produced at PFALs remains small and consumers often lack understanding of closed plant‐production systems. Thus, the image and understanding of plant factories and such products needs to be improved, but little is known about consumer perceptions toward them. This paper attempts to reveal the current consumer perception of vegetables grown in plant factories with artificial light by using a free word association method and to identify the factors contributing to an improvement in its image and understanding. Visitors to the Kyoei University campus festival in November 2014 were asked to complete a questionnaire survey and 230 valid responses were collected. The respondents were asked to write down anything that came to their minds when thinking of “vegetables grown with artificial light,” “hydroponically grown vegetables,” and “plant factories.” The results show that many respondents had positive perceptions of vegetables produced at PFALs, such as “safe and reliable” and “stable supply,” while the words “artificial light” and “plant factory” evoked negative images occasionally. Further, the results of a chi‐square test of independence indicate that the level of consumers’ knowledge influences the formation of their attitude to vegetables produced at PFALs; specifically, prior knowledge of plant factories using artificial light can improve their perceptions. Tasting events, seminars, and advertising using mass media would thus become more important for the development of the plant factory industry and agricultural restoration in the areas affected by the disaster.

Study on Emotional Words and Favorableness Associated with the Faces of Women in Their 60s

This study, using the free language association method, examined the characteristics of emotional words of respondents who were exposed to facial photos of women in 60s, and favorableness and favorable styles of them. To analyze mood characteristics on the faces, they were divided into positive mood words and negative mood words. Following previous researches, they were divided into introversion, extraversion, and ambiversion. It was found that the proportion of positive emotional words respondents used was 37%, and that of negative ones was 63%, demonstrating that respondents are more likely than not to get the negative impressions from the faces of their contemporaries. The characteristics of the words consists of 38% introversion, 47% extraversion, and 14% ambiversion. And, respondents used the words like 'beautiful' and 'good-looking' to the stimuli to which they felt favorable, and 'ill-tempered' and 'stubborn' to the stimuli to which they felt unfavorable. Third, the most favorable style to both male and female respondents in 60s were sentimental and good-mannered. They generally favor women who are soft and caring, and dislike talkative, snobbish, and thick make-up women. The analysis results in this paper may help image making and personal relations. Further study needs to expand the survey area to ensure more significant influence on the social life and interpersonal relationship of senior citizens.

Word Associations Produced by 15–16 Years Old Teenagers of Monolingual and Multilingual Environments in the Lithuanian Language

In the research participated 15–16 year old pupils of Vieksnių gymnasium (Lithuania), Rimdžiūnų and Pelesos high schools with Lithuanian language of instruction (Belarus). There were chosen two different explore‘s groups: monolingual and multilingual environments, 40 explores in each group. The aim of the research – identify and compare verbal associations of different groups in Lithuanian language, their peculiarities. The method of free associations has been chosen. Data analysis was accomplished according to the following aspects: contents and distribution of associations according to grammatical categories, stereotypes of reactions. Once the analysis has been accomplished, it became clear that subjects of multilingual environment produce more unrelated to the stimulus-word answers, more syntagmatic associations and less paradigmatic associations in comparison with subjects of monolingual environment. Subjects of multilingual environment provide more adjectives, adverbs and less verbs than subjects of monolingual environment. Subjects of multilingual environment stereo-typed higher than the other group. Keywords : language environment, word association, content of associations, parts of speech, stereotypy of associations. How to cite: Caplinskaja, E., & Dauksytė, J. (2014). 15–16 metų lietuvių paauglių, gyvenancių vienakalbėje ir misrioje aplinkoje, žodinės asociacijos lietuvių kalba [Word associations produced by 15–16 years old teenagers of monolingual and multilingual environments in the Lithuanian language]. Ugdymo psichologija, 25 , 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/up.2014.04

Words Associations 7–9 and 12–14 Years Old Children, Who are Growing in Full Families and in a Foster Care Home

The research was performed in Anyksciai, Svėdasų Juozo Tumo-Vaižganto gymnasium and Anyksciai, Aulelių village’s foster home. There were chosen four groups from different social environment: 7–9 and 12–14 years old children who are growing in full families and 7–9 and 12–14 children who are growing in foster home. The method of free associations has been chosen. Data analysis was accomplished according to the following aspects: stock of words associations; association’s content and grammatical connection between the word stimuli and reaction. Results revealed that 7–9 and 12–14 years old pupils from full families give more words association than the same age children from the foster home. Syntagmatic and paradigmatic answers depends on age and environment. Grammatical connection between the word stimuli and reaction depends on age and environment partly. Keywords : foster care home, language, word associations, syntagmatic associations, paradigmatic associations, parts of speech. How to cite: Vanagaitė, E., & Dauksytė, J. (2014). Vaikų ir paauglių, augancių vaikų globos namuose ir pilnose seimose, žodinės asociacijos [Words associations 7–9 and 12–14 years old children, who are growing in full families and in a foster care home]. Ugdymo psichologija, 25 , 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/up.2014.02

Application of Associative Experiment in Forming the Foreign Communicative Competence

The article focuses on some problems in teaching foreign languages, solution of which is successfully achieved through the method of free associations. The article also concerns the functioning of associative experiment in the course of teaching of foreign languages. In a technique of teaching of foreign languages free associative experiment is used, first of all, for studying of associative structure of memory at perception and interpretation of unknown foreign words, and also for research of problems of bilingualism and monoligualism.

The Perception of the Ideal Neighborhood: A Preamble to Implementation of a “Street Use Code”

In a French town, the implementation of a street use code implies speed limits and the development of “30 km/h zones”. In order to see if this new regulation meets the inhabitants’ expectations, a study of the representation of the ideal neighborhood was carried out. This was conducted with a group of inhabitants (N = 48) and with a group of students mostly living outside the neighborhood (N = 363). The theoretical framework is that of the structural approach of social representations and the methodology used is the inductive method of free associations. For the inhabitants as well as for the students this representation is organized around the same central nucleus. Nevertheless, significant differences in the discourse concerning the lifestyles of the two groups leads to the conclusion that there exists a link between the ideal neighborhood and real life in the minds of the respondents.

Consumption Habits and Innovation Potential of Mung Bean Foods in Hisar District of Haryana State, India

Consumption habits for mung bean foods were assessed by the free word association method and interview techniques. Four groups of closely related products and perceived quality were revealed. The largest group comprised sweets and snacks, which were associated with unhealthiness, expensiveness and sensory liking. Another group consisted of split dhals associated with convenience and healthiness. It appeared that under different circumstances food choices vary and are influenced more by socioeconomic restrictions then by consumer perception and preferences. Scenario analysis based on consumer perception, preferences, practices and nutritional value of products revealed dhals as the most promising food for innovation.

Beyond Categories: A Structural Analysis of the Social Representations of Information Users' Collective Perceptions on 'Relevance'

Relevance has a long history of scholarly investigation and discussion in information science. One of its notable concepts is that of ‘user-based’ relevance. The purpose of this study is to examine how users construct their per spective on the concept of relevance; to analyze what the constituent elements (facets) of relevance are, in terms of core-periphery status; and to compare the difference of constructions of two groups of users (information users vs. information professionals) as applied with a social representations theory perspective. Data were collected from 244 information users and 123 information professionals through use of a free word association method. Three methods were employed to analyze data: (1) content analysis was used to elicit 26 categories (facets) of the concept of relevance; (2) structural analysis of social representations was used to determine the core-periphery status of those facets in terms of coreness, sum of similarity, and weighted frequency; and, (3) maximum tree analysis was used to present and compare the differences between the two groups. Elicited cate gories in this study overlap with the ones from previous relevance studies, while the findings of a core-periphery analysis show that Topicality, User-needs, Reliability/Credibility, and Importance are configured as core concepts for the information user group, while Topicality, User-needs, Reliability/Credibility, and Currency are core con cepts for the information professional group. Differences between the social representations of relevance revealed that Topicality was similar to User-needs and to Importance. Author is closely related to Title while Reliability/ Credibility is linked with Currency. Easiness/Clarity is similar to Accuracy. Overall, information users and

Mobile Communication in the Public Mind: Insights from Free Associations Related to Mobile Phone Base Stations

ABSTRACT The number of people using mobile phones has dramatically increased. At the same time, many people are unsettled about the potential health effects from the electromagnetic fields generated by mobile phone base stations. Research indicates that the risks associated with base stations are perceived differently by experts, laypeople, and base station opponents. Using a free association method, we analyzed these differences in more detail. In our first study, we found no difference between experts and laypeople but a marked distinction in the associations of opponents as opposed to the first two groups. The prevalence of free associations in a large random sample from the general population was explored via correspondence analysis in the second study. People who assign high risks to mobile communication had different, more negative associations in mind (e.g., “senselessness,” “hazard”) compared to people with low risk-perception (e.g., “mast,” “acceptance”). Our research is in line with the assumption that the affect heuristic guides risk and benefit assessments, and highlights the role of affect in risk perception and communication.

DO SEED COMPANIES KNOW LOCAL END-USERS EXPECTATIONS? FINDINGS FROM MINI CUCUMBERS IN IRAN

ISHS XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on Integrating Consumers and Economic Systems DO SEED COMPANIES KNOW LOCAL END-USERS EXPECTATIONS? FINDINGS FROM MINI CUCUMBERS IN IRAN