France Research Articles

Ranula at the dawn of the French Republic

Ranula at the dawn of the French Republic

E066 Baseline characteristics of patients initiating ixekizumab, secukinumab or a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor by country in the 24-month Prospective Psoriatic Arthritis Observational Study of Persistence of Treatment - PRO-SPIRIT

Abstract Background/Aims The Psoriatic Arthritis Observational Study of Persistence of Treatment (PRO-SPIRIT) is the first large-sample, multinational, prospective, observational study to provide real-world evidence for ixekizumab (IXE) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who start a new biologic/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (b/tsDMARD), with a primary end point of persistence at 24 months. Aims: To describe baseline characteristics of PRO-SPIRIT patients initiating or switching to IXE, secukinumab (SEC) or a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) in Canada (CA), France (FR), Germany (DE), Italy (IT), Spain (ES) and the United Kingdom (UK). Methods PRO-SPIRIT enrolled adults diagnosed with PsA (≥6 months) between December 2019 and June 2022 to be initiated or switched to a new b/tsDMARD, locally approved for the management of PsA. Baseline characteristics, including patient demographics, therapy and disease activity measures, are described here by country for patients initiating IXE, SEC (both IL-17A inhibitors) or a TNFi (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab or biosimilar) only. Results This analysis included 943 patients (Table 1). The overall proportion of patients with BMI ≥30 mg/kg2 was highest in CA (67.2%) and lowest in IT (24.5%); across countries, higher proportions of patients initiating an IL-17A vs a TNFi had BMI ≥30 mg/kg2 (except IXE groups in IT, ES and UK). Higher proportions of patients initiating an IL-17A vs a TNFi were diagnosed with PsA ≥3 years before baseline (except SEC groups in DE and ES). The highest proportions of b/tsDMARD-naïve patients were observed in the TNFi groups in all countries (range 46.2% [CA] to 81.9% [UK]). Patients in the IL-17A groups were more likely to be on monotherapy than patients in the TNFi groups (except in FR). There were no clear trends in baseline disease activity for patients initiating IL-17As or TNFis, although country-specific differences were observed. Conclusion The PRO-SPIRIT baseline characteristics described offer important insights into country-specific patient demographics and treatment patterns when initiating or switching to a new b/tsDMARD in a real-world setting. Between-country variations observed in PRO-SPIRIT baseline characteristics may be due to differences in healthcare systems and/or the evolution of treatment options for patients with PsA in each country. Disclosure N. Gullick: Consultancies; AbbVie,Novartis, UCB. Honoraria; AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, UCB. Grants/research support; AbbVie, Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Novartis. M. Sheesh: Corporate appointments; Eli Lilly and Company. Shareholder/stock ownership; Eli Lilly and Company. C. Laedermann: Corporate appointments; Eli Lilly and Company. Shareholder/stock ownership; Eli Lilly and Company. M. Ngantcha: Corporate appointments; Eli Lilly and Company. Shareholder/stock ownership; Eli Lilly and Company. B. Gittens: Corporate appointments; Eli Lilly and Company. K. Ng: Corporate appointments; Eli Lilly and Company. Shareholder/stock ownership; Eli Lilly and Company. W. Tillett: Consultancies; Abbvie, Amgen, Eli Lilly and Company, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Pfizer, UCB. Member of speakers’ bureau; AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly and Company, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB. Grants/research support; Janssen, UCB, Pfizer, Eli Lilly and Company. J. Morel: Consultancies; Pfizer, AbbVie, Boerhinger Ingelheim, Galapagos, GSK. Member of speakers’ bureau; Biogen, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squib, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, Sanofi, MSD, Mylan, Fresenius Kabi, Roche, Union Chimique Belge, Janssen, Medac, Nordic Pharma. Grants/research support; Fresenius Kabi. E. Lubrano: Member of speakers’ bureau; Abbvie, Janssen Cilag, Lilly, UCB, Pfizer, Novartis. R. Alten: Consultancies; AbbVie, BMS, Celltrion, Galapagos, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UC. Member of speakers’ bureau; AbbVie, BMS, Celltrion, Galapagos, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB. L. Kristensen: Consultancies; Pfizer, AbbVie, Amgen, UCB, Gilead, Biogen, BMS, MSD, Novartis, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen. Member of speakers’ bureau; Pfizer, AbbVie, Amgen, UCB, Gilead, Biogen, BMS, MSD, Novartis, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen. Grants/research support; Pfizer, Abb- Vie, UCB, Gilead, Biogen, Novartis, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen. V. Chandran: Consultancies; AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Amgen, Janssen. Grants/research support; AbbVie. A. Martinez-Ferrer: Grants/research support; Eli Lilly and Company. B. Kirkham: Consultancies; Abbvie, Eli Lilly and Company, Galapagos, Novartis. Member of speakers’ bureau; Abbvie, Eli Lilly and Company, Galapagos, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB. Grants/research support; Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis.

Pacifying the Battlefield of Industry: Warfare and Social Rights in 1848 France

Abstract This study delves into the intricate relationship between warfare and social rights during the Second French Republic. As recent scholarship suggests that the emergence of social rights in the 18th century involved a transition from Christian charity principles to secular obligations, primarily influenced by proponents of free markets, this research uncovers a distinct path during the July Monarchy. Here, socialists framed social rights using a unique language centered on warfare, which was overtly at odds with the prevailing free-market discourse. This transformation led to the concept of “guerre industrielle” or industrial warfare, portraying industrial workers as modern soldiers in the international economic competition among nations. Such a narrative significantly molded the political demands of the emerging French working class, focusing on securing decent employment and extending to workers the social provisions already granted to the military. These demands gained substantial momentum during the tumultuous 1848 Revolution, fueling a call for comprehensive societal transformation, emphasizing cooperative production and mutual assistance. Nevertheless, the rejection of these radical ideas was primarily attributed to the reluctance of moderate republicans to embrace the profound societal changes implied by such demands. By delving into the intricacies of this relationship, the article offers fresh insights into the development of social rights before the emergence of the Welfare State and their impact on the construction of tools of socioeconomic governance during the last two centuries.

Features of pre-judicial investigation in criminal proceedings in foreign countries

The scientific article is devoted to the definition of certain features of the procedure for conducting a pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings of foreign countries. The origins of the separation of the «preliminary investigation» as a separate stage of the criminal process are established, as well as the relationship of national legal traditions and types of legal systems with the corresponding standards inherent in the criminal process is traced.
 The analysis of the criminal procedural legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, Great Britain and the French Republic was carried out. The main aspects of the pre-trial investigation and inquiry of the Federal Republic of Germany have been studied. It has been established where criminal proceedings begin, how the interaction between prosecutors and police officers is configured, which is free evidence. Attention is focused on the types of suspicions depending on the degree of probability and functional purpose.
 It was determined that the pre-trial investigation as an independent stage of criminal proceedings, according to the Criminal Procedure Law of Spain, is always the first in the criminal process. However, at the same time, the inquiry is in no way formally separated from the pre-trial investigation. The prosecutor and the investigating judge are united with the common goal of identifying the person who committed the crime and collecting the necessary evidence. The specifics of this stage depending on the type of proceedings are also indicated.
 The characteristic features of criminal proceedings in Great Britain, which do not include the stage of pre-trial investigation at all, are considered. Despite the possibility of the defense party to collect evidence independently, the police's activities are considered extra-procedural, and therefore all the factual data collected by them need to be presented to the magistrate and their further confirmation.
 The position and procedure for starting an investigation under French law is outlined. Her criminal process considers inquiry and preliminary investigation as separate independent stages. First of all, an inquiry is conducted, then a criminal prosecution is initiated, after which a preliminary investigation begins.
 The conclusion of the article emphasizes the need for coordinated work of law enforcement agencies based on the principles of the rule of law, legality and justice. The necessity of applying the experience of foreign countries in improving the pre-trial investigation of Ukraine is argued.

Boosting crop classification by hierarchically fusing satellite, rotational, and contextual data

Accurate early-season crop type classification is crucial for the crop production estimation and monitoring of agricultural parcels. However, the complexity of the plant growth patterns and their spatio-temporal variability present significant challenges. While current deep learning-based methods show promise in crop type classification from single- and multi-modal time series, most existing methods rely on a single modality, such as satellite optical remote sensing data or crop rotation patterns. We propose a novel approach to fuse multimodal information into a model for improved accuracy and robustness across multiple crop seasons and countries. The approach relies on three modalities used: remote sensing time series from Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 observations, parcel crop rotation and local crop distribution. To evaluate our approach, we release a new annotated dataset of 7.4 million agricultural parcels in France (FR) and the Netherlands (NL). We associate each parcel with time-series of surface reflectance (Red and NIR) and biophysical variables (LAI, FAPAR). Additionally, we propose a new approach to automatically aggregate crop types into a hierarchical class structure for meaningful model evaluation and a novel data-augmentation technique for early-season classification. Performance of the multimodal approach was assessed at different aggregation levels in the semantic domain, yielding to various ranges of the number of classes spanning from 151 to 8 crop types or groups. It resulted in accuracy ranging from 91% to 95% for the NL dataset and from 85% to 89% for the FR dataset. Pre-training on a dataset improves transferability between countries, allowing for cross- domain and label prediction, and robustness of the performances in a few-shot setting from FR to NL, i.e., when the domain changes as per with significantly new labels. Our proposed approach outperforms comparable methods by enabling deep learning methods to use the often overlooked spatio-temporal context of parcels, resulting in increased precision and generalization capacity.

Fifth French Republic Towards Historical Heritage

The historicity of the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic has a special dimension. In the preamble and in the articles of the first Chapter, reference is made to the heritage of the French Revolution and identification with its principles is emphasised. We are therefore dealing with a case of the Constitution that explicitly refers not to the entire historical heritage of France but to an exceptional moment in its history. This reference has a very real meaning because the legacy of the French Revolution affects the constitutional reality of today’s France. This applies in particular to the specially conceive d idea of the sovereignty of the nation, the principles of indivisibility and the secularity of the Republic. At the same time, under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, there has been an interpretation of the legacy of the Revolution in terms that are critical of the Jacobin tradition, which allowed for a broad consensus on it. On the other hand, it can be argued that the Constitution is not fully representative in the dimension of history, as the legacy of pre-revolutionary France occupies a vital place in public education and in the politics of memory.

Uneven evolution of regional European summer heatwaves under climate change

Heatwaves (HWs) are extreme events magnified under climate change with critical implications for the human and environmental systems they impact. These phenomena are generally investigated as a large-scale effect over extensive regions. However, their regional-to-local characteristics and trends are responsible for the specific effects on local communities. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and evolution of regional HWs covering the 1950 to 2021 period across different European climates, central Europe (CE), France (FR), and the Iberian Peninsula (IP), including an analysis of the local and remote relationship between summer heat periods and winter-spring precipitation conditions. Our results confirm the general increase in frequency, intensity, duration, and spatial extent of the HW phenomena over the three domains but point out their uneven evolution under climate change. While a larger frequency increase in the number of heat periods affects IP and FR, it is over CE, where the largest frequency change is observed in the most recent decades. Over north-western FR and CE the most intense HW events have recently registered, further over CE HWs’ long-lasting durations between five to six days have tripled from the sixties to recent decades. It is indeed over the latter that a substantial increase in human exposure to HW phenomena is observed. Probably, the unalike progressions are related to the proven differential rate of warming between the mean and hottest days at northern and southern European domains and the influence of soil conditions over IP on the development of summer heat periods over FR and CE.

Caricatures, Canards, and Guignols: Satirical Journalism in France from the French Revolution to Fifth Republic

The special status of satire in France is examined historically from the French Revolution to the Fifth Republic. It is argued that satire in France functions with a normative reference to the secular, universalist Jacobin values (hostile to church, aristocracy, and monarchy) that underpinned the foundation of the French Republic. Since the French Revolution, French journalistic satire has, in different ways, perpetrated what can broadly be categorized as either lèse majesté or blasphemy. Given France’s turbulent history over the past two centuries, satire has frequently been used as an instrument to reaffirm the Republic’s values vis-à-vis authoritarian regimes with different characteristics. The symbolic connection between satire and the French Republic’s founding mythology has conferred upon the idiom a special status that endures today. The Fifth Republic, however, has presented a unique challenge to satire because of its authoritarian institutional character with personal power in the hands of the head-of-state. Three case studies are examined: the newspapers Le Canard Enchaîné and Charlie Hebdo and the satirical television program Les Guignols de l’Info. Today satire has found expression on online social networks in the form of memes, gifs, and videos. This marks a shift from satire produced by journalistic elites to more diffused and socially distributed satirical mockery.

“This is not a party”: elements for a sociology of movementism based on the case of La France Insoumise

“This is not a party”: elements for a sociology of movementism based on the case of La France Insoumise

Judicial Ethics in Judicial Communication: the Experience of the French Republic

When administering justice, judges are guided by certain ethical principles. These principles also apply to judicial communication (the interaction of the court with participants in legal proceedings.The author considers foreign experience in regulating the ethical aspects of judicial communication on the example of the French Republic. Relevant provisions are contained in the Compendium of Ethical Obligations of Magistrates.The embodiment in judicial communication of such important ethical principles of magistrates’ behavior as independence, impartiality, honesty and decency, dignity, respect and attention to others, correctness and restraint is analyzed.In addition, attention is paid to the ethical issues of judicial communication before the court session, during the court session, during the meeting of judges and when making a decision.

Causeries scriptologiques posthumes avec Anthonij Dees : un rapide survol

Abstract This article examines two Old French corpora related to the Domaine d’Oïl (Northern France) from a dialectometric and scriptometric perspective, which go back to the Romance scholar Anthonij Dees (1928–2001). These are, on the one hand, his atlas of charters published in 1980 (digiDees 1980) and, on the other hand, an electronic corpus created in Salzburg as recently as 2006 (digiDees 1983). This is based on geolocalisation computations of Old French texts (from the 12th and 13th centuries), which, carried out by Dees in 1983, were only rediscovered by chance in Amsterdam in 2006 and subsequently transferred to Salzburg. In addition to these two medieval datasets, dialect data from the French linguistic atlas ALF (“Atlas linguistique de la France”, 1902–1910) are also analysed, which spatially align with the two medieval datasets. The dialectometric and scriptometric analyses carried out on these three electronic corpora aim primarily to compare the spatial depth structures found in them. For this purpose, the following dialectometric map types were examined: similarity maps, parameter maps and isoglottic syntheses. When comparing them, an astonishing similarity of the spatial profiles visible on them emerges. It should be noted, however, that a time span of 600 years lies between the Old French data analysed by Dees and those of the ALF. The spatial similarity of the depth structures found in them is therefore all the more striking.

The Ties That Bind: Protection and Projection in France’s Indian Ocean Islands of Mayotte and Réunion

ABSTRACT The article addresses a two-fold question: first, why does the French state invest so much time and resources in its Indian Ocean islands, Mayotte and Réunion? And why do these ultra-marine regions remain wedded to the French Republic? The high degree of insular buy-in both regions involves a two-level game, connecting state and island actors. Such turning to mainland France represents a form of African agency, however dependent on the mainland these islands appear to be. The causal mechanisms of the integration of the French Indian Ocean territories combine historical legacy (choosing France), institutional evolution (departmentalisation), common economic and military security challenges, the cost calculus of mainland France’s readiness to govern ultramarine territories and a widely shared set of beliefs in the value of remaining French. The islands are acting like rational actors, whose insular and isolated status pushes in the direction of seeking protection in an unstable environment.

Pediatric Market Access: A Qualitative Study.

This qualitative study aims to analyze current PM regulation and market access requirements and proposes potential solutions to mitigate current challenges. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, national health technology assessment (HTA) bodies, pediatricians, and academia from the Netherlands (NL), Germany (DE), the United Kingdom (UK), and France (FR) to get insight into the pediatric research, the regulatory and reimbursement processes, challenges, and solutions. Themes for further testing were developed on how to facilitate pediatric market access. Atlas.ti 9 was used to analyze the findings. Heterogeneity in requirements for the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and HTA approvals are noted. By example, DE grants direct reimbursement after regulatory approval, the other countries require additional reimbursement which generate delays and challenges in patient access after marketing authorization. Key components in facilitating PM market access include multi-stakeholder collaboration, transparency, patient representatives, informed consent guidance, real-world evidence, and appropriate clinical trial designs. Pricing models based on the economic capabilities of individual countries could further reduce delays and challenges in market access. The additional specific pediatric incentives should be taken as best practice to encourage innovation in pediatric conditions. This study highlights differences in requirements for regulatory and reimbursement approval, along with international differences in pricing and reimbursement procedures for pediatric market access.

Susceptibility of shellfish aquaculture species in the Chesapeake Bay and Maryland coastal bays to ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvariants.

Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and its microvariants (µVars) cause economically devastating mass mortalities of oysters and pose a threat to the shellfish aquaculture industry globally. OsHV-1 outbreaks can cause up to 100% mortality in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. However, OsHV-1 and its variants have a broad host range and can infect at least 7 bivalve species, including bay scallops Argopecten irradians and eastern oysters C. virginica. Determining the susceptibility of economically and ecologically important bivalve species to OsHV-1 is critical for improving biosecurity and disease management to protect the aquaculture industry. Surveys of eastern oysters were conducted in June to August 2021 in the Maryland portion of the Chesapeake Bay to determine the prevalence and viral load of OsHV-1 at 5 aquaculture farms. Using quantitative PCR, OsHV-1 was not detected at any sites. Experiments examined the susceptibility of single stocks of eastern oysters and hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria to the virus and their ability to horizontally transmit it using OsHV-1 µVar SD (San Diego, California) and OsHV-1 µVar FRA (Marennes-Olreon, France). Results showed that OsHV-1 µVars did not cause mortality or symptomatic infection in the single stocks of eastern oysters and hard clams used in these experiments using natural infection pathways. However, the eastern oyster stock, when injected with OsHV-1, did transmit the virus to naïve Pacific oysters. Further experimentation using additional stocks and lines and establishment of surveillance programs along the east and Gulf coasts of the USA are necessary to prepare for the potential spread and impact of OsHV-1 related disease.

“Among the French People”: The Departmentalization of Mayotte and the Colonial Politics of Inclusion

Abstract With its 2011 change in administrative status, Mayotte, a small island colony in the Mozambique Channel, became the only contemporary French department with an indigenous African Muslim population. Mayotte's departmentalization required restructuring a colonial local legal system influenced by Islamic, Swahili, and Malagasy legal practices. By putting legislation and public discourse concerning Mayotte's status into conversation with earlier political movements within the French Empire and scholarship on French colonial governance, I show how Mahoran politicians, writers, and activists advocating for departmentalization invoked claims to racialized notions of belonging “among the French People.” These claims were joined by demands that France fulfill its Republican promise by granting juridicopolitical inclusion to a colonial population. These distinct but related political discourses illuminate central features of the mutually constitutive relationship between law, race, and citizenship in the French Republic.

Evidence and proof under the French criminal procedure

This article discusses evidence under the French Code of Criminal Procedure, with its many and significant distinctive features, which are useful and curious to both theorists and practitioners alike. First, instead of an investigator, we see a forensic investigator. Secondly, the familiar concept of «investigative action» has been transformed into «judicial investigation». This had a significant impact on the rights and obligations of the participants in the process. In addition to the evidence traditionally understood in Russian jurisprudence, the Criminal Procedural Code of the French Republic also contains a list of actions that domestic jurisprudence usually refers to operational-investigative activities. This led to the emergence of unusual rights for prosecutors and judges, leading to an increase in guarantees of individual rights and freedoms. Relevant for the domestic jurisprudence of the question of evidentiary value of nonprocedural information in accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure of the French Republic becomes not only admissible, but also attractive.

Protection of intellectual propertyrights: peculiaritiesofimplementation in Ukraine, the USA and some countries of the European Union (Germany, France)

In our work, we consider the peculiarities of the protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine, USA and EU countries (Germany, France).
 Intellectual property is a unique creation of the human mind and one of the important achievements of every developed and democratic country. The field of law in the field of intellectual property is currently in a state of active and unceasing development: legislative norms are constantly regulated, the experience of successful countries in the field of intellectual property is analyzed and borrowed. Taking into account the possibilities of modern technologies, intellectual property rights are increasingly subject to violations, which determines the specifics of their protection in Ukraine and the countries of the European Union (USA, Germany, France).
 Taking into account the above and on the basis of scientific approaches and legally established provisions, the concepts of «intellectual property», «intellectual property right», «protection of intellectual property rights» have been defined. In the course of the analysis of national and foreign legislation, normative legal acts were established, according to which intellectual property rights were established in the studied countries.
 Detailed attention is paid to the peculiarities of the protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine, the USA, Germany and France, and to the identification of similar features and opportunities for borrowing better experience in the protection of intellectual property rights.
 Attention is focused on the peculiarities of judicial protection in Ukraine under the conditions of martial law.
 The article analyzes the methods of protecting intellectual property rights, taking into account the peculiarities of Ukraine, the USA, Germany and France, namely, the civil-law, criminal and administrative means of protection of Ukraine and the USA, the organizational and economic mechanisms of Germany and Ukraine, proposed for even more effective protection intellectual property rights and the reduction of violations in this area, to implement the successful experience of France regarding the obligation of citizens to patent and obtain a license for inventions and the experience of the French Republic in improving the judicial system and judicial protection of intellectual property rights.

Учет экстралингвистических факторов в устном переводе (на примере выступления президента Французской Республики Эмманюэля Макрона на французском языке и его перевода на русский язык)

The aim of the study is to identify the extralinguistic factors that influence the process of interpreting. The paper examines the influence of extralinguistic parameters on interpreting through the lens of the functionalist Skopos theory. The study is novel in that it is the first to identify the relevant extralinguistic parameters affecting interpreting that are important exclusively in a given communicative situation, i.e., the speech of a political leader addressed to a wide audience, cultural background, historical context, using a speech by the President of the French Republic Emmanuel Macron as research material. As a result of the study, it was found that there is considerable interest in the academic community in extralinguistic cultural references in interpreting. Using a political speech and its translation as an example, the paper describes the following extralinguistic parameters: cultural context, body language and gestures, contextual knowledge, the speaker’s status and power. Actual language examples show the role that these parameters play in interpreting. Interpreting political speech requires not only linguistic skills, but also a deep understanding of political dynamics, cultural context and effective communication strategies.

Francuski model edukacji medialnej i informacyjnej. Krytyczna analiza szans i zagrożeń

The French model of media and information education. A critical analysis of opportunities and risks The French model of media and information education is well developed. Its basis is the educational and cultural policy of the government of the French Republic. These activities have the character of centralised and statified activity. However, in order to effectively assess the opportunities and risks associated with their effectiveness, it is necessary to embed the analysis in the concept of media cultures and diversity in the media. In addition, the dynamically changing media world must be taken into account. The foundations of media and information education in France (EMI) are analysed, as well as its elements such as, the actors responsible for this policy, the way it is influenced, the recipients of this policy. The research problem thus defined, analysed on a conceptual basis, has shown that the French model exists efficiently, but needs to be redefined in terms of priorities and audiences. This redefinition of activities is mainly due to the socio-political situation in France, which EMI does not seem to take into account.

Насильницька статева злочинність в Україні: характеристика та міжнародний досвід

Annotation. The article examines the normative and legal characteristics of the concept of «violent sexual crime», studies the opinions of Ukrainian scientists regarding the problem of detecting violent sexual crime, and examines the statistical data of the Prosecutor General's Office regarding the frequency of this type of criminal offense. The foreign experience regarding the peculiarities of differentiation of violent sexual crime in the criminal legal acts of the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, and the Republic of Poland was analyzed. Violent sexual crime is considered as a multifaceted complex phenomenon that requires research from various aspects, such as: prevalence on the territory of the state, profile of victims and criminals, mechanisms of combating such crime. The current state of the legal context of criminal offenses against sexual freedom and personal integrity has been studied, in particular the definition of crimes, the establishment of criminal sanctions and the imposition of punishments on guilty persons in the current legislation of Ukraine. The main criminologically significant signs of violent sexual crimes are formulated, which can later become the basis for developing a strategy to combat violent sexual crime in Ukraine.