Abstract The objectives of this research are to study 1) the framing process of the social movements against mining in Northeastern Thailand and 2) the impact of the social movements. Two social movements were purposely selected for the study, namely the movement against potash mine in Udonthani province and the movement against gold mine in Loei province. Qualitative and comparative case study was used. Data were collected by means of in-depth interview and participant and non-participant observation. The data of the two cases were then compared and analyzed for their similarities and differences before the final conclusions were drawn. The research has adopted the collective action framing tasks proposed by Snow and Benford to study the framing process. These include diagnostic framing, prognostic framing, and motivational framing. Regarding diagnostic framing, “injustice frames” was identified, which confirmed previous studies. In addition, this research was able to identify two other important diagnostic framings shared by the two cases under study, one being the state's development policy biased towards industrial development that is against agricultural development and rural people's way of life, and the other being the alliance between the state and the private sector. Based on these three diagnostic frames, two levels of corresponding prognostic framing were made. The movement demanded that the state make structural reform through the amendment of the mining law and changed unfair mining concession terms. At the local level, movement representatives stood for local government elections with the aims to make local structural reforms, tackle monopoly problems, and change local development policies. As for the motivational framing, the vocabularies used to mobilize movement participation were “disastrous mining” and “dangerous impact” to warn against the severity and urgency of the problems, while putting forward the “community culture” discourse as a mobilizing tool. With regards to the movement impact, the research found that the social movements against mining in Northeastern Thailand could not discontinue or cease the mining projects. However, the movements were able to delay the concession and the mining expansion processes. The delays were interpreted as the movement's success and victory by movement leaders and supporters.