Framing Paradigm Research Articles

Spatial and temporal dynamics of sewage sludge phosphorus recovery potential in the cities of Yangtze River Zone in China: Implications for regional recycling policies

Sewage sludge phosphorus (P) recovery presents opportunities to sustainably recycle P from cities to agriculture and alleviate global P scarcity. However, limited research explores sustainable recovery targets considering spatial-temporal variations in sludge generation and implications based on city-level local P demand. This study analyzed sludge production form 2009–2021 across 130 cities in China's Yangtze River Zone, which increased by almost 35 % from 2009 to 2021. Per capita gross domestic product (GDP), influent chemical oxygen demand (COD), and per capita drainage infrastructure were identified as the main significant influencing factors. City-level analysis revealed pronounced spatial-temporal disparities, with yearly sludge generation spanning five orders of magnitude (62–5.4 × 105 t/a). An indicator, “Potential of P recovery to local P demand”, was defined, indicating the average city-level P recycle contribution increased from 5.3 % to 18.9 % from 2009–2021. A novel frame paradigm classified cities into six types based on the local P supply-demand characteristics, prioritizing sludge P recovery and implementing strategic management. City-specific dynamics and possibilities of broader “city clusters” to match supply and demand should be considered for policy implement. Recovering P from livestock manure and kitchen waste alongside sludge can further strengthen urban P cycles. This study provides novel city-scale analysis and strategic considerations for regional sludge P recycling policies in China and beyond.

Risk İletişimi Bağlamında Deprem Haberlerinin Çerçevelenmesi: Radyo ve Televizyonda Depremin Temsili

Doğal afet kaynaklı risklere yönelik farkındalık sağlanmasında, toplumsal bilincin geliştirilmesinde ve risk nedenli hasarların en aza indirilebilmesi için ideal tutumların edinilmesinde, medyanın önemli bir rol oynadığı kabul edilmektedir. Türkiye için yüksek ve daimî risk teşkil eden depremin medya gündeminde yer alış biçimleri de bu nedenledir ki özel bir önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada da deprem riskinin taşıdığı bu çok özel öneme odaklanmış ve TRT Haber, A Haber, CNN Türk, Habertürk ve NTV televizyon ve radyo kanallarının analizi birer örneklem alanı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu kanalların, 26 Eylül 2019 İstanbul ve 30 Ekim 2020 İzmir depremlerine yönelik haber ve benzeri program içerikleri, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden İçerik Analizi tekniği ile incelenmiş, izlerkitlede yaratılmak istenen etkilerin gözlenebilmesi için işlevsel bir araç olan ve seçici bir kontrol süreci anlamını taşıyan çerçeveleme paradigması, risk iletişimi ile bağlantılandırılarak çalışmaya kuramsal altyapı oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucu, risk iletişiminde geleneksel medyanın sahip olduğu rol ve konum ile çelişik bir görünüm ortaya çıkmıştır. Kategorilere göre yapılan analizlerde, ana akım radyo ve televizyon kanallarının risk iletişimi bağlamında herhangi bir çalışma yürütmediği ve afetler meydana gelmeden afetlere ilişkin riskleri gündemine almadığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, geleneksel iletişim araçları olarak radyo ve televizyon kanalları, risk iletişimine gereken önemi vermemekte, “aydınlatma ve bilgilendirme” işlevlerini “risk ve afet” bağlamında yerine getirmemekte ve afetler meydana gelmeden önce gerekli uyarıların dolaşıma sokulmasını gerektiren proaktif tutumu sergilememektedirler. Ayrıca, proaktif bir yaklaşımla, kamuoyunu aydınlatma işlevinin gereği olarak risklere karşı kamuoyunu hazırlamak yerine, her felaket sonrasında yaşanılanları fazlasıyla hikâyeleştirme ve yoğun dramatizasyona dayalı yayıncılık pratiği sergilemektedirler.

Accounting and the budget negotiation process: The case of the Holy Shroud Exposition (1931) during a period of austerity

Introduction: The paper considers the case of the Holy Shroud Exposition (1931) during a period of austerity, investigating accounting practices and the budget negotiation process. Aim of the work: The study seeks to illustrate the power structure underpinning budgetary negotiation processes related to the Holy Shroud Exposition. Methodological approach: The paper is based upon primary sources, considering internal accounting correspondence of the Savoy Ministry and other archival sources that have been interpreted in the light of the literature on the principal-agent theory used as framing paradigm. Main findings: The research identifies the role of accounting in managing/influencing social organisational-interactions, under specific historical conditions. In particular, the work shows the hierarchical structure of the Savoy Royal House (hereafter HSE), and verify the presence of opportunistic behaviours in the negotiation process realated to the authorisation of extraordinary expenses for the Holy Shroud Exposition. Originality: The paper permits to show the power of accounting to shape human interactions in the specific context represented by the climate of austerity, typical of interwar periods, that becomes a crucial antecedent of opportunistic behaviours.

Refleksi Demokrasi di Indonesia: Demonstrasi Menolak UU Cipta Kerja dalam Media Berita Online

The Job Creation Act (Omnibus-Law) contains several policies that have led to a protest movement in the form of demonstrations related to this regulation. The demonstration was widely covered by online news media in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative by using news articles as the unit of analysis using the Entman model framing paradigm to see how online news media construct reality. This study focuses on the news of demonstrations against The Job Creation Act reported by Tirto.id and Liputan6.com for October 2020. The purpose of this research is to reveal how Tirto.id and Liputan6.com portrayed the demonstrations as the reflection of democracy in Indonesia. The results show that Tirto.id and Liputan6 have differentiation in interpreting this phenomenon. Tirto.id prioritizes a critical attitude to issues related to reflection of democracy in Indonesia in that context, that in the democratic process, there is still violence from the apparatus, annihilation of workers, and riots that cause damage to facilities and infrastructure. Meanwhile, Liputan6.com tends to develop a positive perspective regarding the democratic process during and after demonstrations. Despite violence against journalists, the authorities are still trying to resolve the case and emphasize the government's positive efforts in improving the country's economy through the Job Creation Law.

Teaching & learning guide for: Risky‐choice framing and rational decision‐making

Teaching & learning guide for: Risky‐choice framing and rational decision‐making

Media Framing of US Drone Policy in the National Press of Pakistan

United States drone policy has been fiercely debated both in the mediated and popular discourse in Pakistan. Despite the prevalence of the academic literature on drones, little is known hitherto how the elite- oriented press framed the US drone attacks in Pakistan. To that end this study informed by the framing paradigm, qualitatively analyzed the editorial genres of national press of Pakistan. The analysis identified four major frames or ‘interpretive packages’ the press used to construct the discourse on US drones namely sovereignty violation frame, collateral damage frame, connivance frame, and blowback frame. The findings suggest that drone strikes in Pakistan are represented unfavorably with an overall negative tone toward the drone strikes and the United States and its policies in the region. The discussion elaborates on the possible factors which contributed for the emergence of new frames in the context of Pakistani media

Assessing Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and Assisted Machine Perception for Urban Mapping

High-spatial-resolution satellite imagery has been widely applied for detailed urban mapping. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have shown promise in certain remote sensing applications, but they are still relatively new techniques for general urban mapping. This study examines the use of two DCNNs (U-Net and VGG16) to provide an automatic schema to support high-resolution mapping of buildings, road/open built-up, and vegetation cover. Using WorldView-2 imagery as input, we first applied an established OBIA method to characterize major urban land cover classes. An OBIA-derived urban map was then divided into a training and testing region to evaluate the DCNNs’ performance. For U-Net mapping, we were particularly interested in how sample size or the number of image tiles affect mapping accuracy. U-Net generated cross-validation accuracies ranging from 40.5 to 95.2% for training sample sizes from 32 to 4096 image tiles (each tile was 256 by 256 pixels). A per-pixel accuracy assessment led to 87.8 percent overall accuracy for the testing region, suggesting U-Net’s good generalization capabilities. For the VGG16 mapping, we proposed an object-based framing paradigm that retains spatial information and assists machine perception through Gaussian blurring. Gaussian blurring was used as a pre-processing step to enhance the contrast between objects of interest and background (contextual) information. Combined with the pre-trained VGG16 and transfer learning, this analytical approach generated a 77.3 percent overall accuracy for per-object assessment. The mapping accuracy could be further improved given more robust segmentation algorithms and better quantity/quality of training samples. Our study shows significant promise for DCNN implementation for urban mapping and our approach can transfer to a number of other remote sensing applications.

Dialogues

This collection of essays reconsiders a seminal 1961 article by George Kubler, the most important art historian of Latin America of the English-speaking world at the time of its writing. Often greeted with indifference or hostility, Kubler’s central claim of extinction is still a highly contested one. The essays in this section deal with Kubler’s reception in Mexico, the political stakes of his claim in relation to indigeneity, as well as the utility of Kubler’s categories and objects of “extinction” beyond their original framing paradigm.

The Impact of Teacher Education and English Language Education in Fostering Global Citizenship Education: A review of literature

The notion of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) has become a buzzword of educational discourses and policies of the contemporary world in which it aims to create knowledgeable, empathetic and skillful personnel with a view to ensure peaceful, tolerant, inclusive and sustainable global society. This renewed and transformative educational approach is a framing paradigm that encapsulates the role of education in forming competent citizens who actively and responsibly participate with critical awareness and understanding in this interconnected and interdependent world with its accelerating challenges and opportunities by disregarding any kind of manmade differences. Since teachers are the key to deliver such an education, this scenario demands teachers to be professionals possessing strong subject and pedagogical knowledge with appropriate managerial skills, readily adopt technologies and stay focused on the diverse and sensitive needs of their students. Therefore, building teachers’ capacity through teacher education should be a compulsive continuum. Moreover, with this approach, it is imperative to participate and collaboratively work as members of a global society. Thus, it is feasible to reach the intended goals through the English language as the linking language of the global community. Thereby, fostering GCE, with complementary effects between Teacher education (TE) and English Language Education (ELE) will be revealed by this study based on the literature review.

The Role of Christianity and Islam in Explaining Prejudice against Asylum Seekers: Evidence from Malaysia

ABSTRACT Prejudicial attitudes toward asylum seekers are prevalent, and an emerging body of literature has revealed that this is partly driven by religious affiliation. The population of Malaysia is multireligious, making it a fruitful location for testing religion-based prejudice hypotheses. Thus, across 2 studies we tested the roles of Christianity and Islam in explicit and implicit prejudices against asylum seekers in the Malaysian context. In Study 1 (n = 97), we present evidence that there are religion-based differences in prejudice against asylum seekers; specifically, Muslims reported higher levels of (classical) explicit prejudice toward asylum seekers than Christians (there were no differences in conditional or implicit prejudices). In Study 2 (n = 117), we tested the hypothesis that these religion-based differences are qualified by the religion of the asylum seeker. In this study, we used a framing paradigm to experimentally manipulate the religion of the asylum-seeking targets. The results revealed an out-group exacerbation effect; that is, participants reported higher levels of prejudice toward asylum seekers who had a different religion from their own. For classical explicit prejudice, the effect was strongest from Muslims toward Christian asylum seekers. Conversely, for implicit prejudice, the reverse was true: The effect was strongest from Christians toward Muslim asylum seekers. These findings are discussed in terms of the political and social circumstances in Malaysia, but we interpret these findings as evidence that explicit and implicit attitudes toward asylum seekers are driven by a complex pattern of religion-based intergroup biases.

Innovating Qualitative Framing Analysis for Purposes of Media Analysis Within Public Health Inquiry.

Public health is said to lack methodological diversity and creativity in media analysis. Although the framing paradigm offers important conceptual and operational insights for undertaking media analysis in public health research, frames are described as "elusive" to measure with their analysis a "methodological black box." With this article, we aim to foster creative thinking around media analysis in public health and to make the "black box" of framing analysis more transparent, by illustrating the innovation and application of a qualitative framing analysis technique in original public health research. We provide a "how to" guide for this framing analysis method and use data to illustrate methodological challenges encountered during the research. The findings drawn from this method are contrasted with findings gained from thematic analysis applied to the same data. The article concludes by considering the benefits of this type of framing analysis within public health scholarship.

Risky business: Psychopathy, framing effects, and financial outcomes

Using a risky-choice framing paradigm, we investigated (a) the extent to which psychopathic features shape behavioral responses to potential losses vs. potential gains and (b) how these relations bear on real-world economic decision-making in a community sample (N = 475). Associations among psychopathic features, risk-seeking, sensitivity to framing, and financial practices were also examined. Disinhibition manifested positive relations with risk-seeking and maladaptive financial practices, whereas boldness manifested positive relations with risk-seeking and adaptive financial practices. Individuals high in disinhibition and/or meanness were significantly less likely to endorse risk seeking in negative frames. Results provisionally suggest boundary conditions for framing effects; in particular, certain psychopathic traits may render individuals modestly less susceptible to framing or bias them towards risk-taking in positive frames.

Political framing across disciplines: Evidence from 21st-century experiments

Twenty-five years after Entman (1993) argued that the framing paradigm was fractured, debates about the value of framing as a theoretical concept are still ongoing. In particular, discussions focus on the use of: (a) equivalence frames (i.e., frames with logical equivalence such as gain and loss frames) versus emphasis frames (i.e., frames that emphasize different dimensions of an issue); and (b) generic frames (frames that are applicable to multiple issues) versus issue-specific frames (frames that are applicable to one issue only). We conducted a systematic review on the use of these frame types in 21st-century political-framing experiments ( N = 372) to establish whether and how scholars’ positions in these debates have changed across disciplines and over time. Results demonstrate that emphasis frames are more popular than equivalence frames, and that a slight majority of frames are issue-specific rather than generic. Moreover, frame preferences differ across disciplines and have hardly changed over time. This study thus shows that debates about what types of frames should be studied have had little influence on scholars’ frame choices across disciplines in previous research on political framing.

Preparing Globally Competent Teacher Candidates Through Cross-Cultural Experiential Learning

This manuscript presents findings and implications from a larger case study of one global educator's attempt to develop globally competent teacher candidates in an elective teacher training course. Global Citizenship Education served as the framing paradigm for the course and human experiences of immigrants and refugees served as the milieu for teacher candidates to learn critical inquiry. Teacher candidates also participated in several cross-cultural experiential learning opportunities designed to facilitate the development of global competencies in teacher candidates. Students' reflective journals were analyzed determine the personal significance of different learning experiences and the extent to which teacher candidates perceptions of immigrants and refugees changed as a result of the course content and activities and demonstrate the potential of critical inquiry and cross-cultural experiential learning as transformative teaching practices.

Estudio empírico-conceptual de la crisis económica y cultural en la prensa española

Esta investigación muestra el tratamiento que la prensa otorga a las noticias relativas sobre la crisis cultural en términos económicos, conceptos tan polisémicos como influyentes en los imaginarios sociales. Cómo se sustancia la cultura en la trastienda de la crisis y en la política, produce un marco periodístico afín a una ideología y a un relato político concreto. La presencia de estas informaciones en la prensa, sin duda condicionan los modos de acción y de organización de las empresas culturales, y además anuncian el epicentro de una lucha política. Se propone abordar esta cuestión desde un análisis de contenido complejo y el descubrimiento de los encuadres noticiosos mediante el paradigma framing con el que extraer la perspectiva de la información, la elección y el énfasis, reconstruir la estructura latente y las dimensiones subyacentes del tratamiento informativo respecto de estas informaciones. Mediante un proceso de covariación y prueba t de Student, quedarán expuestos los encuadres noticiosos de las tres primeras cabeceras españolas; El País, El Mundo y el Abc, sobre esta realidad social y cultural durante doce meses (enero 2014 a febrero 2015).

Narratively framing emergent identities in post-agreement societies: patterns of the Northern Irish identity within the provincial media

ABSTRACTThe research analyses ‘Northern Irish’ identity narratives post-agreement, and examines the configuration of frame agendas in terms of individual narrative components. A content analysis utilised news published through 1997–2014 within Northern Ireland daily newspapers – the Belfast Telegraph, the Irish News and the News Letter. A process of manifest coding produced an emergent coding scheme displaying the relative stability of media frames surrounding the Northern Irish identity as broadly partisan; however, there is also a subtle narrative shift of Northern Irish identity across the time periods; and findings of a dominant framing paradigm of political and social conceptions of identification post-agreement.

Betting on DBS: Effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on risk taking and decision making in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Concerns persist that deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) increases impulsivity or induces excessive reward seeking. We report here the performance of PD patients with implanted subthalamic nucleus electrodes, with stimulation on and off, on 3 laboratory tasks of risk taking and decision making. They are compared with PD patients maintained on medication and healthy participants. In the Game of Dice Task, a test of "risky" decision making, PD patients with or without DBS made highest risk bets more often and ended up with less money than did healthy participants. There was a trend for DBS stimulation to ameliorate this effect. Deal or No-Deal is an "ambiguous" decision-making task that assessed preference for risk (holding on to one's briefcase) over a "sure thing" (accepting the banker's offer). Here, DBS patients were more conservative with stimulation on than with it off. They accepted smaller offers from the banker and won less money in the DBS-on condition. Overall, the 2 PD groups won less money than did healthy participants. The Framing Paradigm assessed willingness to gamble on a fixed (unambiguous) prize depending on whether the reward was "framed" as a loss or a gain. Nonsurgical PD patients tended to be more risk-averse than were healthy participants, whereas DBS patients were more willing to gamble for gains as well as losses both on and off stimulation. On risky decision-making tasks, DBS patients took more risks than did healthy participants, but stimulation may temper this tendency. In contrast, in an ambiguous-risk situation, DBS patients were more risk-averse (conservative) than were healthy participants, and this tendency was greatest with stimulation.

Framing (implicitly) matters: the role of religion in attitudes toward immigrants and Muslims in Denmark.

Denmark is currently experiencing the highest immigration rate in its modern history. Population surveys indicate that negative public attitudes toward immigrants actually stem from attitudes toward their (perceived) Islamic affiliation. We used a framing paradigm to investigate the explicit and implicit attitudes of Christian and Atheist Danes toward targets framed as Muslims or as immigrants. The results showed that explicit and implicit attitudes were more negative when the target was framed as a Muslim, rather than as an immigrant. Interestingly, implicit attitudes were qualified by the participants' religion. Specifically, analyses revealed that Christians demonstrated more negative implicit attitudes toward immigrants than Muslims. Conversely, Atheists demonstrated more negative implicit attitudes toward Muslims than Atheists. These results suggest a complex relationship between religion, and implicit and explicit prejudice. Both the religious affiliation of the perceiver and the perceived religious affiliation of the target are key factors in social perception.

Framing Global Warming: Is That Really the Question? A Realist, Gramscian Critique of the Framing Paradigm in Media and Communication Research

Framing is a widely used concept in research on communication and climate change. From a Gramscian realist position, this article criticizes underlying assumptions in the framing paradigm itself. The article examines how frames are defined, understood, and theorized in key texts on Anglo-American framing and uses examples from the scholarly literature on climate change communication and the Norwegian media to argue that global warming should not be posed primarily as a question of framing. It argues that the framing paradigm suffers from three main problems: (1) anthropocentrism; (2) a strategic approach to truth; and (3) an underestimation of the importance of latent meaning. Instead of communicative attempts by framing scholars to resonate with a plurality of already manifest, already culturally resonant and already familiar frames in public discourse, the essay suggests that global warming is an ethical challenge which communication scholars can best help solve with a combination of natural realism and political advocacy.

Philosophical Requirements of a Comprehensive D.I. System

This paper revisits the concept of dialectical inquiry (DI) from the perspective of collaborative modeling for collaboration engineering. It does so by integrating the recent literature with its theoretical and philosophical sources. The connection of DI and the problem framing paradigm is clarified. The paper also establishes the general requirements or desired features of an up-to-date DI system, and evaluates some current systems in light of these criteria.