Frame Elements Research Articles

Calculative frames, compromising metrics, and the multiple values of innovation: The case of technology incubation in the UK

Complex organizations are faced with numerous demands that translate into different assessments of value. We focus here on the agency of performance metrics and how they represent and mediate multiple and contrasting values. We draw on a case study of technology incubation, a complex site where attempts to meet the sometimes conflicting demands of stakeholders inevitably lead to multiple assessments of the value of innovation. We propose a theoretical model inspired by Beunza and Garud’s (2007) notion of calculative frame, positing that each frame expresses value in terms of a dominant principle of worth, a metaphorical root, and the key metrics of worth. We then explore how and under what conditions the tensions among frames are mediated by compromising metrics. Our paper contributes to the literature on socio-materiality by strengthening the conceptual linkages between the elements of calculative frames and theorizing their co-constituted character. In this way we broaden the applicability of the calculative frame model to performance measurement in complex organizations. We also contribute to the management accounting literature on tensions and compromise by providing an account of the agency of performance metrics and the mechanisms of combinability through which they mediate a compromise among conflicting frames, and bridge frames that are not in conflict.

Probability of collapse evaluation for high-rise reinforced concrete buildings in the event of near-fault earthquakes and soil-structure interaction effects

This paper presents a probabilistic evaluation of the seismic performance of 10, 20, and 30-story reinforced concrete buildings with dual systems located in Tehran, Iran, considering the effects of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI). The buildings are designed according to the Iranian seismic code, and their nonlinear planar models are developed in OpenSEES, accounting for two fixed and flexible-base conditions. The concentrated plasticity approach is employed to simulate the nonlinear response of frame elements, while the displacement-based fiber elements are utilized to model the shear walls. The Winkler springs and dashpot technique was used to capture the uplift of the foundation in flexible-based models. The planar models are then subjected to nonlinear static and dynamic analysis, as well as Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA), followed by fragility assessment and collapse risk evaluation using the risk integral method. A suite of pulse-like and non-pulse near-field earthquakes is employed to account for the effects of impulsive characteristics of the ground motions on the performance of buildings with rocking foundation. The probabilistic assessment of building models was conducted based on FEMA P695 methodology. The results indicate that the performance of flexible-base buildings is improved for the strong earthquakes and pulse-like records. However, the advantages of foundation flexibility are diminished in taller buildings due to their larger weight and higher mode effects. The foundation rotation is found to be lower than the performance limits of the seismic code. Finally, the SSI exhibits varying effects on the collapse risk of buildings of different heights, with a positive effect on shorter buildings, whereas its impact on taller buildings depends on the expected seismic hazard level at the site.

Exact structural-property matrices and Timoshenko’s shape functions for nonprismatic frame elements defined by noncentroidal axes

When one is attempting to model framed structures and adopts beam-like finite elements formulated with reference to their centroidal axis—which avoids the interaction between axial and flexural effects—one must, in many practical situations, take into account geometrically complex curved-line finite elements. This fact, which can be quite disadvantageous, is typically called for when solving physically nonlinear problems or modeling nonprismatic beams having cross sections varying asymmetrically around their straight centerlines. This paper proposes then a flexibility-type method based on the principle of virtual forces (PVF) to obtain, according to the Timoshenko beam theory (TBT), exact expressions for the structural properties of nonprismatic frame elements described with reference to noncentroidal axes. The main advantage of this method is that it allows, through the use of straight-line segments, the modeling of complex variable-rigidity frame elements. To interpolate the variable sectional rigidities over the elements, one adopts polynomials of different orders. In addition, this new method allows one to obtain the exact Timoshenko’s shape functions (TSFs) for nonprismatic frame elements with noncentroidal axes. Such shape functions are needed to evaluate deformation-dependent structural properties, such as geometric stiffness. We validate the robustness of the proposed formulation by solving in-plane tapered beams possessing thin-walled monosymmetric cross sections. Using analytical and highly accurate 3D ANSYS responses, this work determines and compares responses described in terms of displacements, rotations, internal forces, and stresses.

Are Academics Becoming More Confused Than Before? A Diachronic Study of Confusion Markers in Applied Linguistics Research Articles

Research articles generate and disseminate disciplinary knowledge in a specific field of study. They are expected to be objective, faceless, and free from expressions of emotion. However, linguistic expressions of confusion that signal authors’ affective attitude toward the propositional information are not uncommon in research articles. To determine and describe the dynamic changes that occurred in the deployment of such expressions in communicating disciplinary knowledge, this study examined linguistically expressed confusion in a corpus of 160 research articles in applied linguistics that were published in two periods separated by 30 years. Drawing on a frame-based analytical approach, this study revealed that time of publication was a robust predictor of academic authors’ overall use of confusion markers and the presence of some subcategories across the four frame elements of the Confusion frame. This study sheds new light on the possibilities of applying frame semantics to academic discourse analysis. More importantly, it has pedagogical implications in terms of helping raise the awareness of novice writers about the necessity of acquiring a time-sensitive repertoire of discursive resources to convey an appropriate authorial identity for effective academic communication.

THE MULTI-STOREY BUILDINNGS STEEL FRAMES VITALITY IN THE FIRE INCREASING

In the article multi-story buildings steel frames in the fire before and after the first destruction is investigated, the frames vitality in the fire is investigated. It is emphasized on the relevance of the research during the war of the russian federation against Ukraine. An overview of previous domestic and foreign scientists’ studies, devoted to the multi-story buildings steel frames vitality, in particular in a fire. The frame model for research was selected and simplifications was required in the study for the clarity of comparisons in research. There were compared different mechanisms of multi -story buildings steel frames collapse in a fire. It is proved that with the first destruction in the steel frame beam the vitality loss time will be longer than with the column first destruction. Various measures vitality increasing frames are considered and investigated. Outrigger systems were investigated as a measure vitality increasing, and their impact on the forces distribution in the frame during heating of frame elements under the action of temperature loads from a fire. The dependence of various measures vitality increasing of multi-story buildings steel frames in the fire from the frame geometric sizes is established. It is established that the load -bearing capacity factor at the fire beginning in the most loaded column should be smaller than the most loaded beams. It is proved that the difference between the initial load-bearing capacity factor in the beam and column that necessary to increase the vitality loss time, is different for different ratios of beam span to the column height. It is revealed that the frame elements cross-sections shape affects its vitality in the fire. The importance of the limited plate deformations development in the frame elements cross-sections is emphasized. Recommendations for civil engineers to enhance the of multi-story buildings steel frames vitality in a fire are formed.

CALCULATION MODEL OF A MULTI-STOREY REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME WITH COMPLEXLY STRESSED BEAMS UNDER ACCIDENTAL IMPACT

A computational model is presented for determining deformations in complexly stressed beams of a structurally non-linear reinforced concrete frame in a transcendental state caused by a special emergency action in the form of a sudden removal of one of the structural elements. The determination of the stress-strain state after the formation of spatial cracks in the reinforced concrete elements of the frame was carried out using the calculated spatial section. At the same time, dynamic additional loads in the design section of the reinforced concrete frame element from a special impact are determined on an energy basis using the “bending moment-curvature” and “torque-angle of rotation” diagrams. The considered calculation algorithm includes the determination of forces in compressed concrete, longitudinal and transverse reinforcement for primary and secondary design schemes and verification of special limit state criteria. The results of a numerical analysis of the effect of cracking, the ratio of torque and bending moment on the stress state in transverse and longitudinal reinforcement and on the dissipative properties of a frame structural system are presented

Seismic behavior of concrete-filled steel tubes column frame-buckling restrained steel plate shear walls connected with bolt/weld

In this study, a buckling restrained steel plate shear wall (BRSPSW) system, consisting of a steel plate linked to frame elements using a double-sides connection bolt/weld and sandwiched by autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) panels, was designed to resist the lateral load. Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFTs) and H-section beams were adopted to build the vertical and horizontal frame elements. Three single-bay, two-floor specimens were tested under lateral cyclic load. Besides, this study offered an eco-friendly and sustainable application for recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) as concrete infills. The hysteretic load–displacement response associated with failure patterns was deeply reported and analyzed. The three tested specimens were evaluated based on characteristic capacities. The experimental outcomes demonstrated that all specimens have excellent cyclic performance, and buckling of the steel plates was significantly reduced using bolts connection. Although yield-bearing capacity and stiffness with weld connection were relatively higher than with bolt connection, the peak-bearing capacity was almost the same with bolt or weld. In addition, the ductility, energy consumption, and displacement characteristics were improved using bolts compared with weld. Finite element (FE) models were generated and verified to analyze out-of-displacement and equivalent plastic strain. Based on validated FE models, parametric analyses were performed to examine the impact of five crucial parameters on characteristic capacities. The parametric studies presented considerable indications for the seismic behavior of BRSPSWs. The findings of this study serve as a valuable point of reference for the implementation of engineering applications.

THE OPTIMAL DESIGN OF THE 40.00-57 DUAL PURPOSE ORTHOTROPIC SHELL UNDER UNCERTAINTY CONDITIONS DESIGN

Problem statement. A feature of the modern technical systems’ design is that deterministic approaches dominate, while consideration of uncertainty can provide a more adequate representation of the research object in the appropriate calculation scheme, mathematical model. The consideration of uncertainties becomes especially relevant in the modeling of complex technical systems, where uncertainties can be quite abundant and the uncertainties themselves can be of different nature, namely stochastic, rough, fuzzy, or even combined. It is advisable to check whether the system is tolerant to uncertainties. This work is devoted to the construction of methods for the optimal design of the new rubber-cord shell 40.00-57 in the conditions of the fuzzy initial data. For a deterministic approach a special mathematical model can be used to calculate the output parameters. The mathematical model developed by Prof. E. Kvasha, at one time was truly revolutionary, because for the first time in the world the contact problem of the interaction of an elastic base with a layered orthotropic shell, which is part of a complex technical tire system, was solved. The main drawback, which could not be overcome by varying the input parameters, remained the uneven resource of the shell frame elements. So, variant design has shown its insufficient efficiency for such complex technical systems. The purpose of the research is to suggest a model and methods of optimal design for optotropic rubber-cord oversized shells under the conditions of real factors of uncertain nature. Conduct methods testing and design a new construction of tire 40.00-57 for civilian and military purposes. Conclusion. The authors proposed models and methods of optimal design of orthotropic rubber-cord shells under the condition of fuzzy data. Approbation of the symbiosis of Monte Carlo methods and the method of local variations for finding the optimal geometry of the shell was conducted. For new 40.00-57 tire shape, the difference between the largest frame resource and the smallest resource of the tire’s elements was about 18 %. Such a result could not be achieved by variant design. The temperature distribution in the cross-section of the tire under conditions of operation for 8 hours at an ambient temperature of 37 0C does not exceed the value of 110 0C, at which the thermal destruction of the rubber-cord material begins.

Improving Badminton Player Detection Using YOLOv3 with Different Training Heuristic

There has been a considerable rise in the amount of research and development focused on computer vision over the previous two decades. One of the most critical processes in computer vision is "visual tracking," which involves following objects with a camera. Tracking objects is the practice of following an individual moving object or group of moving things over time. Identifying or connecting target elements in consecutive video frames of a badminton match requires visual object tracking. The aim of this study is to identify badminton players using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) technique in conjunction with a variety of training heuristics. This methodology has a few advantages over other approaches to detecting objects. The convolutional neural network and Fast convolutional neural network are two examples of the many algorithmic approaches that are available. In this study, a neural network is used to produce predictions about the bounding boxes and the class probabilities for these boxes.. The results demonstrated that it was far faster than other methods in terms of its ability to recognize the image. The performance of image classification networks significantly improved as a result of the implementation of a variety of training strategies for the detection of objects. The mean average precision score for YOLOv3 with various training heuristics increased from 32.0 to 36.0 as a direct result of these adjustments. In comparison to YOLOv3, our future study might examine the performance of alternative models like Faster R-CNN or RetinaNet.

On vibrations of functionally graded double wishbone structural systems

In the framework of dynamic finite element methodology, this articleinvestigates the free and forced vibration behaviors of functionally graded double wishbone structural systems considering the deformability of links and joints. Due to the advantages of the functionally graded materials (FGMs), the double wishbone control arms are modeled as a plane functionally graded frame based on the Timoshenko beam theory (TBT). The power law is adopted to model the through-thickness material gradation. Based on the power gradation law, analytical expressions for the equivalent material stiffnesses and the equivalent inertia are derived. On the other hand, joint deformability is modeled using flexible translational and rotational springs. The dynamic equations of motion are derived based on the Hamiltonian principle. Based on the isoparametric Timoshenko plane frame element, a displacement-based dynamic finite element model is developed. The accuracy of the developed numerical procedure is verified for both free and forced vibration behaviors and good agreement is obtained. Numerical results are obtained and discussed. The results show the significant effects of the FGM distributions on the free and forced vibration behaviors. The developed procedure and the obtained results are supportive of the design and manufacturing processes of such structural systems.

Evaluation of the Seismic Behavior of RC Buildings through the Direct Modeling of Masonry Infill Walls

The direct modeling of masonry infill walls on many buildings, based on damage recorded by various past earthquakes, has become increasingly necessary in order to identify the seismic behavior of these elements, which constitute an important part of reinforced concrete buildings. In this paper, several 3D models were analyzed by the nonlinear static (pushover) method, when ignoring, and when considering, masonry infill walls. The finite element software SAP analyzed the proposed models. These models represent low and mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings infilled with double-leaf hollow bricks. The properties of materials used in Algeria, either in the frame elements or the infill elements, were used. The results obtained were compared according to two parameters, the natural time period of the building and the pushover curve, by varying the values of the dead load and the concrete compressive strength. The results were discussed according to the suggested parameters. The results showed that indirect modeling of such walls, either by taking assumptions embedded in the seismic behavior factor or by means of the macro-modal, can lead to a poor appreciation of the seismic behavior of such buildings. Consequently, direct modeling of walls by the infill of the real void showed acceptable results to some extent. This contributes greatly towards understanding the seismic behavior of this type of building.

Seismic performance of a full‐scale five‐story masonry‐infilled RC building subjected to substructured pseudodynamic tests

AbstractThis paper discusses the results of a series of hybrid earthquake tests on a full‐scale reinforced concrete (RC) building with masonry infills. The prototype was a five‐story structure representing the vulnerable part of a typical RC building in Southern Europe, with beams stronger than the columns and masonry infill walls weaker than the surrounding frame elements. The specimen was subjected to a sequence of unidirectional earthquake simulations of increasing intensity up to conditions of significant damage to the infills, using the pseudodynamic (PsD) testing method with substructuring. The input ground motion was a real earthquake recording, slightly modified in amplitude and frequency to match the elastic design code spectrum. The physical substructure of the hybrid model consisted of the first story of a two‐story mock‐up structure built in the European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA); the second story ensured realistic boundary conditions at the top of the first one. The characteristics of stories two to five were simulated by a numerical finite‐element model developed in OpenSEES and updated throughout the test sequence using data obtained from preceding tests. The experiments were terminated with the onset of a soft‐story mechanism at the first story of the physical substructure for an earthquake with a peak ground acceleration of 0.3 g. The paper summarizes the key characteristics of the specimen and the major observations from the hybrid tests, illustrating the evolution of structural/nonstructural damage and the cyclic hysteretic building response. The attainment of significant damage limit states is correlated with experimentally defined engineering demand parameters and ground‐motion intensity measures for the performance‐based seismic assessment of buildings. Data and observations from these experiments add substantially to our understanding of the effects of masonry infills on the seismic behavior of RC‐framed structures.

A Force-based Method for the Numerical Simulation of a Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall Building

Reinforced Concrete (RC) shear walls are structural elements that resist lateral loads. This research aims to present the numerical modeling of RC shear walls in order to evaluate the seismic performance of structures. Various types of numerical models of RC frame elements are implemented in nonlinear analysis packages. These numerical models are based on different theories and assumptions, something that poses a significant difficulty to practicing engineering and limits confidence in the analysis of the numerical results. In this study, inelastic force-based elements and distributed plasticity methods are used for the modeling of the inelastic behavior of these elements (infrmFB). The efficiency of the inelastic force-based element and distributed plasticity method is evaluated through the comparison with the experimental results of a shear wall structure subjected to seismic loadings. The accuracy of the numerical model is assessed in terms of top displacement, inter-story drift, base shear force, and the absolute maximum values of the overturning moment.

Data Stories of Water: Studying the Communicative Role of Data Visualizations within Long‐form Journalism

AbstractWe present a methodology for making sense of the communicative role of data visualizations in journalistic storytelling and share findings from surveying water‐related data stories. Data stories are a genre of long‐form journalism that integrate text, data visualization, and other visual expressions (e.g., photographs, illustrations, videos) for the purpose of data‐driven storytelling. In the last decade, a considerable number of data stories about a wide range of topics have been published worldwide. Authors use a variety of techniques to make complex phenomena comprehensible and use visualizations as communicative devices that shape the understanding of a given topic. Despite the popularity of data stories, we, as scholars, still lack a methodological framework for assessing the communicative role of visualizations in data stories. To this extent, we draw from data journalism, visual culture, and multimodality studies to propose an interpretative framework in six stages. The process begins with the analysis of content blocks and framing elements and ends with the identification of dimensions, patterns, and relationships between textual and visual elements. The framework is put to the test by analyzing 17 data stories about water‐related issues. Our observations from the survey illustrate how data visualizations can shape the framing of complex topics.

Second-order two-cycle analysis of frames based on interpolation functions from the solution of the beam-column differential equation

In geometrically nonlinear problems solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM), the structure response is directly influenced by the level of discretization and the nonlinear solution algorithm used. To reduce the discretization dependence, exact solutions are developed based on the deformed infinitesimal element equilibrium. To deal with the nonlinear solution problem, the two-cycle method can be used, since it is not dependent on load or displacement steps. The two-cycle method developed by Chen & Lui (1991) uses the classical geometric matrix and is not accurate for high axial loads. This happens because the geometric matrix is obtained using Hermitian polynomials which are approximate solutions. To circumvent this issue, the frame element’s tangent matrix is obtained using interpolation functions that match the homogeneous solution of the differential equation of the beam-column problem. The main objective of this study is to carry out a second order analysis of the frames and obtain equilibrium paths using the two-cycle method and the tangent stiffness matrix based on solutions of the differential equations obtained from the element’s deformed configuration. The results in terms of displacements and rotations for the examples studied are identical to the analytical solutions, showing that the combination of the two-cycle method with the exact element formulation is promising and can diminish the need for discretization.

Design and construction of “Bamboo Cubic” facade with laminated bamboo lumber

This paper presents the design and construction of the facade renovation project ("Bamboo Cubic" project) of Huangqiao Square in Shaowu City, Fujian Province, China. In this project, the structural form and cross-sectional dimensions were determined using a combination of manual and finite element analysis to meet relevant regulations. Once the structural form was confirmed, primary structural components such as the foundation, the column base, and the connection between frame elements were designed to comply with design requirements. Innovative connections were used to install a unique curved design, which required curved LBL members to be prefabricated with precision. The total height of the LBL bamboo frame part is 16.86 m. This project clearly showed that engineered bamboo can be used both as a structural primary member as well as for aesthetic purpose. Use of steel and LBL frames in the "Bamboo Cubic" facade project highlighted the prospect of future hybrid construction.

Experimental Study of Flanged Joints of Damaged Steel Frame Elements

Experimental Study of Flanged Joints of Damaged Steel Frame Elements

Methods to Reproduce In-Plane Deformability of Orthotropic Floors in the Finite Element Models of Buildings

In the modelling of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, the rigid diaphragm hypothesis to represent the in-plane behavior of floors was and still is very commonly adopted because of its simplicity and computational cheapness. However, since excessive floor in-plane deformability can cause a very different redistribution of lateral forces on vertical resisting elements, it may be necessary to consider floor deformability. This paper investigates the classical yet intriguing question of modeling orthotropic RC floor systems endowed with lightening elements by means of a uniform orthotropic slab in order to describe accurately the building response under seismic loads. The simplified method, commonly adopted by engineers and based on the equivalence between the transverse stiffness of the RC elements of the real floor and those of the orthotropic slab, is presented. A case study in which this simplified method is used is also provided. Then, an advanced finite element (FE)-based method to determine the elastic properties of the equivalent homogenized orthotropic slab is proposed. The novel aspect of this method is that it takes into account the interaction of shell elements with frame elements in the 3D FE model of the building. Based on the results obtained from the application of this method to a case study, a discussion on the adequacy of the simplified method is also provided.

Framing the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Political and Media Framing During the First Three Waves in Germany

ABSTRACT The study focuses on the framing of the COVID-19 pandemic in German parliamentary debates and media reports. It concentrates on the first three pandemic waves. The goal is not only to compare political and media framing, but also to show how frames changed from wave to wave. A content analysis of plenary protocols and articles from Welt Online and SZ Online has been carried out, coding single frame elements instead of complete frames, which are instead formed through cluster analyses. Results show that there are differences between government and opposition framing of the pandemic, with the opposition parties criticising the government’s crisis management, while the governing parties justified their policies. Concerning the relationship between media and political framing, findings indicate that similar frames are used in both arenas. Nevertheless, differences in frequency are evident. The results show no evidence to support the assumption that frames of the governing parties are picked up more frequently by the media. Moreover, there are no signs of frame alignment between political actors and the media in the early stages of the pandemic nor of a diversification thereafter.

Evaluation of ground motion parameters and seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings from the Mw 6.9, 2011 Sikkim earthquake

The continuous collision of the Eurasian plate and the Indian plate has resulted in several earthquakes in the Himalayan region. The 6.9 Mw 2011 Sikkim earthquake, which caused immense damage to the built environment in Sikkim, was triggered by an intraplate source on the overriding Eurasian plate. Strong ground motions from the earthquake were recorded at stations established by IIT Roorkee as part of the PESMOS program. In this paper, near-field and far-field ground motions from this earthquake were analyzed to evaluate their key characteristics and examine their time-frequency features by employing Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) and Continuous Wavelet Transforms (CWTs). A comparison between the ground motion parameters of near-field and far-field seismic waves highlights the distinct characteristics of near-field ground motions. Additionally, the impact of near-field and far-field ground motions on the seismic response of a code-compliant RC building is investigated. The results from the non-linear time history analyses indicate that the roof displacements, drift ratio and strain induced in the frame elements are less than the code-prescribed maximum limits. Further, the demand and capacity levels for the RC frame elements were evaluated to compute the performance ratios. The results indicate that the extensive damage to reinforced concrete buildings in the 2011 Sikkim quake was primarily due to the non-engineered nature of the structures and also due to the non-compliance of the built structures to the seismic design code provisions.